[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100654155":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":18,"detailedDescription":17,"studyPopulation":17,"armGroups":26,"interventions":44,"overallOfficials":17,"centralContacts":55,"locations":61,"responsibleParty":78,"collaborators":17,"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":83,"nctId":84,"briefTitle":85,"officialTitle":86,"acronym":17,"eligibilityCriteria":87,"healthyVolunteers":88,"sex":89,"minAge":90,"maxAge":91,"enrollmentInfo":92,"targetDuration":17,"studyType":95,"phases":96,"briefSummary":98,"conditions":99,"keywords":102,"overallStatus":63,"whyStopped":17,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":107,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":108,"startDateStruct":111,"completionDateStruct":113,"leadSponsor":115,"locationsCount":116},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"University of Sharjah","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":17},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Diaphragm thickening fraction","Diaphragm thickness will be assessed using a portable ultrasound device (VERSANA PREMIER) operating in B-mode with a 10-MHz linear transducer. Standardized imaging settings, including gain, depth, and focus, were maintained throughout all examinations. Ultrasound measurements were conducted by a trained assessor who was blinded to participants' group assignments. With participants positioned supine, the transducer was placed over the right hemidiaphragm at the zone of apposition, located between the anterior and mid-axillary lines at the eighth to ninth intercostal space. Care was taken to apply minimal pressure with the probe to prevent compression of underlying tissues. Diaphragm thickness measurements were obtained at end-expiration, corresponding to residual volume (RV), and at end-inspiration, corresponding to total lung capacity (TLC). Each measurement was repeated three times with a minimum rest period of 30 seconds between trials, and the mean value was used for analysis.","baseline and at 8 weeks",[14],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":12},"Maximal inspiratory pressure","MIP will be measured using a calibrated respiratory pressure manometer in the supported sitting position. Participants will exhale to residual volume and perform maximal inspiration against an occluded airway. At least three maneuvers will be performed with ≥30 seconds rest, and the highest reproducible value will be recorded in cmH₂O.",null,{"allocation":19,"interventionModel":20,"interventionModelDescription":17,"primaryPurpose":21,"observationalModel":17,"timePerspective":17,"maskingInfo":22},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","TREATMENT",{"masking":23,"maskingDescription":17,"whoMasked":24},"SINGLE",[25],"OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR",[27,33,39],{"label":28,"type":29,"description":30,"interventionNames":31},"Abdominal Air Pressure Resistance Training (AAPR)","EXPERIMENTAL","In the AAPR group, resisted diaphragmatic breathing will be performed using a pneumatic abdominal garment or cuff capable of delivering quantifiable air pressure. The abdominal binder was securely fitted around the participant's waist, while the manual sphygmomanometer cuff was positioned vertically over the epigastric region within the abdominal binder. The cuff was inflated to provide external resistance during diaphragmatic breathing. Care was taken to ensure that the cuff and binder did not exert excessive compression over the lower thoracic region or diaphragm, thereby avoiding mechanical restriction of diaphragmatic excursion and allowing participants to maintain their normal, unrestricted diaphragmatic breathing pattern throughout the intervention. Training will begin at a pressure eliciting moderate perceived breathing effort (Borg RPE) or within a predefined range of 5-10 cmH₂O. Pressure will be increased based on Borg exertion level of 5-7, provided symptom and tolerance cri",[32],"Other: Abdominal Air Pressure Resistance Training",{"label":34,"type":35,"description":36,"interventionNames":37},"Abdominal Weight Training (AWT)","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","The AWT group will perform resisted diaphragmatic breathing with a 3-5 kg sandbag positioned over the abdomen while lying in the supine position. Participants will be instructed to perform diaphragmatic breathing, allowing the abdomen to rise during inspiration and fall during expiration while minimizing chest movement. The sandbag load will be individually adjusted for each participant according to a perceived exertion level of 11-13 on the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Training duration, number of sets and rest periods will be matched with AAPR group to have uniformity across the group.",[38],"Other: Abdominal Weight Training (AWT)",{"label":40,"type":35,"description":41,"interventionNames":42},"Breathing Exercise Control (BE)","In the BE control group, standardized diaphragmatic breathing combined with paced slow deep breathing will be performed without the application of external resistance. Training duration, breathing cadence, number of sets, and rest intervals will be matched to those used in the loaded intervention groups. Perceived exertion and symptom responses will be documented during each session",[43],"Other: Breathing Exercise Control (BE)",[45,49,52],{"type":6,"name":46,"description":47,"armGroupLabels":48,"otherNames":17},"Abdominal Air Pressure Resistance Training","In the AAPR group, resisted diaphragmatic breathing will be performed using a pneumatic abdominal garment or cuff capable of delivering quantifiable air pressure. The abdominal binder was securely fitted around the participant's waist, while the manual sphygmomanometer cuff was positioned vertically over the epigastric region within the abdominal binder. The cuff was inflated to provide external resistance during diaphragmatic breathing. Care was taken to ensure that the cuff and binder did not exert excessive compression over the lower thoracic region or diaphragm, thereby avoiding mechanical restriction of diaphragmatic excursion and allowing participants to maintain their normal, unrestricted diaphragmatic breathing pattern throughout the intervention. Training will begin at a pressure eliciting moderate perceived breathing effort (Borg RPE) or within a predefined range of 5-10 cmH₂O. Pressure will be increased based on Borg exertion level of 5-7.",[28],{"type":6,"name":34,"description":50,"armGroupLabels":51,"otherNames":17},"In the AWT group, diaphragmatic breathing will be performed with an external load applied to the anterior abdominal wall using a standardized sandbag or weight pack, with participants positioned in supine crook-lying. Load prescription will be implemented using a pre-specified method, which included either a fixed initial load of 2-5 kg with weekly increments of 0.5-1 kg as tolerated, an initial load corresponding to 3-5% of body mass with weekly progression, or load titration based on perceived exertion targeting a Borg RPE of 4-5 during training sets. Training volume, set duration, and rest intervals will be matched to those of the AAPR group. For each session, the load applied, perceived exertion, and symptom responses will be documented.",[34],{"type":6,"name":40,"description":53,"armGroupLabels":54,"otherNames":17},"In the BE control group, standardized diaphragmatic breathing combined with paced slow deep breathing will be performed without the application of external resistance. Training duration, breathing cadence, number of sets, and rest intervals will be matched to those used in the loaded intervention groups. Perceived exertion and symptom responses will be documented during each session.",[40],[56],{"name":57,"role":58,"phone":59,"phoneExt":17,"email":60},"Kalyana Reddy","CONTACT","+971503614889","kreddy@sharjah.ac.ae",[62],{"facility":5,"status":63,"city":64,"state":17,"zip":17,"country":65,"countryCode":66,"cosmosGeoPoint":67,"geoPoint":72,"contacts":73},"RECRUITING","Sharjah city","United Arab Emirates","AE",{"type":68,"coordinates":69},"Point",[70,71],55.41221,25.3342,{"lat":71,"lon":70},[74,75],{"name":57,"role":58,"phone":59,"phoneExt":17,"email":60},{"name":76,"role":77,"phone":17,"phoneExt":17,"email":17},"Khushi patel","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",{"type":77,"investigatorFullName":79,"investigatorTitle":80,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":17,"oldOrganization":17},"Khushi Patel","Principal investigator","100654155","abdominal-air-pressure-resistance-versus-abdominal-weight-training-versus-breathing-exercise-for-improving-diaphragmatic-strength-endurance-and-physiological-responses-in-young-healthy-adults-a-study-protocol-for-rct-100654155",false,"NCT07795905","Abdominal Air-Pressure Resistance Versus Abdominal Weight Training for Improving Diaphragm Function in Healthy Young Adults","Abdominal Air-Pressure Resistance Versus Abdominal Weight Training for Improving Diaphragm Function in Healthy Young Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* males and females with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg\u002Fm²\n* non-smokers\n* have not participated in structured respiratory muscle training within the previous six months\n* able to understand the study procedures\n* provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* have a known cardiopulmonary, neuromuscular, or significant metabolic disease\n* experience a respiratory infection or respiratory symptoms within the preceding 2-3 weeks\n* pregnant\n* have undergone major abdominal or thoracic surgery within the previous six months\n* have uncontrolled hypertension, significant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or any other condition that could make abdominal loading unsafe, as determined during the screening process.",true,"ALL","18 Years","35 Years",{"count":93,"type":94},42,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[97],"NA","This study aims to compare the effects of abdominal air pressure resistance training, abdominal weight training, and breathing exercises on diaphragmatic strength, endurance, and physiological responses in young healthy adults.\n\nForty-two healthy adults aged 18-35 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: abdominal air pressure resistance training, abdominal weight training, or breathing exercises. Participants will complete supervised training sessions three times per week for eight weeks, with standardized breathing cadence, training volume, and therapist contact time across groups.\n\nThis trial will provide the first direct comparison of a programmable pneumatic abdominal loading method with traditional abdominal weight loading and standard breathing exercises in healthy young adults. The findings will help determine the relative effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of these interventions for enhancing diaphragmatic function. The results may contribute to the development of evidence-based respiratory muscle training strategies for rehabilitation, health promotion, and performance enhancement.",[100,101],"Diaphragm Thickness","Dyspnoea",[103,104,105,106],"Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation","Diaphragm thickness","Respiratory muscle","Dyspnea","2026-10-06",{"date":109,"type":110},"2026-10-13","ACTUAL",{"date":112,"type":110},"2026-08-30",{"date":114,"type":94},"2026-11-30",{"name":5,"class":6},1]