[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100658806":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":22,"detailedDescription":31,"studyPopulation":21,"armGroups":32,"interventions":45,"overallOfficials":52,"centralContacts":56,"locations":61,"responsibleParty":79,"collaborators":21,"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":83,"nctId":84,"briefTitle":85,"officialTitle":86,"acronym":21,"eligibilityCriteria":87,"healthyVolunteers":83,"sex":88,"minAge":89,"maxAge":90,"enrollmentInfo":91,"targetDuration":21,"studyType":94,"phases":95,"briefSummary":97,"conditions":98,"keywords":100,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":21,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":105,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":106,"startDateStruct":109,"completionDateStruct":111,"leadSponsor":113,"locationsCount":114},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Riphah International University","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":21,"otherOutcomes":21},[9,13,17],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Lower Extremity Functional Scale","The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) is a valid patient-rated outcome measure (PROM) for the measurement of lower extremity function. The scale consist of 4 groups with 20 questions.\n\nThe questions in these group focus on activities with increasing physical demands like questions from walking between rooms to running on uneven ground. The scoring of this scale varies from 0 (extreme difficulty\u002Funable to perform activity) to 4 (no difficulty). The total score can be obtained by summing the scores of the individual items. The maximum score of 80 indicates no functional limitations and the minimum score of 0 indicates extreme limitations","Baseline; 6 Weeks",{"measure":14,"description":15,"timeFrame":16},"Patellofemoral Pain and Osteoarthritis Subscale of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score","Patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral osteoarthritis are highly prevalent knee disorders associated with pain and functional limitations. The subscale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis (KOOS-PF) was developed to evaluate patients with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis.","Basleine; 6 Weeks",{"measure":18,"description":19,"timeFrame":20},"Visual Analogue Scale","The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between \"no pain\" and \"worst pain\"","Baseline; 6 Week",null,{"allocation":23,"interventionModel":24,"interventionModelDescription":21,"primaryPurpose":25,"observationalModel":21,"timePerspective":21,"maskingInfo":26},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","TREATMENT",{"masking":27,"maskingDescription":21,"whoMasked":28},"DOUBLE",[29,30],"PARTICIPANT","OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR","Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent source of knee pain among adolescents and young adults. It is defined as pain occurring in the prepatellar or retropatellar region that worsens during prolonged sitting, kneeling, squatting, and stair climbing. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by anterior knee pain, typically resulting from increased stress on the patellofemoral joint. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a broad term that covers various conditions affecting the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), including extensor mechanism dysfunction, patellar subluxation, and runner's knee. PFPS is usually characterized by physical and biomechanical changes within the joint, which may involve altered patellar tracking, muscle imbalances, and soft tissue restrictions, such as weakness in the quadriceps or tightness in the hamstring muscles, all contributing to joint dysfunction and pain.\n\nThe prevalence of PFPS in adolescents is between 20 and 40%, with around 1 in 10 male recruits experiencing the condition. A study on a mixed-gender recruitment population found that the prevalence of the condition in females was about 2.23 times higher than in males. The annual prevalence rate for the general adult population was reported to be 22.7%, with rates of 29.2% for women and 15.5% for men. The aetiology of PFPS is unknown, although muscle imbalance, tendonitis, or insertional tendinosis of the extensor apparatus, patellar instability, and chondral and osteochondral damage can be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. A combination of factors, such as abnormal lower limb biomechanics, soft-tissue tightness, muscle weakness, and excessive exercise may result in increased cartilage and subchondral bone stress and subsequent PFPS.\n\nThere is clear consensus that the etiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is multifactorial in nature. Several risk factors have been proposed as possible parameters involved in pathogenesis of PFPS. These risk factors are classified as intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors. Extrinsic risk factors are related to factors outside human body, such as the type of sports activity, environmental conditions, and the surface and equipment used. Intrinsic risk factors relate more to individual characteristics. The review of existing literature has shown that some modifiable risk factors have been theorized to play a role in the development and persistence of PFPS, including quadriceps weakness, specifically in vastus medialis oblique (VMO) , tightness of hamstring , tightness of iliopsoas , tightness of iliotibial band , tightness of gastrosoleous , hip muscles dysfunction, especially abductors and external rotators , foot over pronation , generalized joint laxity , limb length discrepancy , patellar malalignment and patellar hypermobility.\n\nActive Release Techniques (ART) is a noninvasive, soft tissue treatment process that both locates and breaks down the scar tissue and adhesions which cause pain, stiffness, weakness, numbness, and physical dysfunctions associated with Repetitive Strain Injuries. ART is used both for the treatment of RSI injuries, as well as for the improvement of athletic performance. ART aims to return complete translation or relative motion to the full length of the affected soft tissue and to its adjacent soft-tissue structures. Active release techniques (ART) is classified as a multidisciplinary procedure that is practiced by numerous practitioners from a wide range of medical professions and disciplines, including Chiropractors, Physiotherapists, Massage Therapists, Kinesiologists, Occupational Therapists, and Sports physicians. The goals of ART are to restore optimal tissue texture, tension and movement, restore the strength, flexibility, function, and relative translation between soft tissue layers, release any soft tissue restrictions, entrapped nerve, restricted circulatory structures, or lymphatic restrictions. ART is used to normal texture, tension, and length by using various hand positions and soft tissue manipulation methods.\n\nMFR techniques focus on relieving tension and restoring flexibility in the fascia and muscles surrounding the knee joint. This technique can be performed through palpation of tight muscle areas, use of compressive techniques to mobilize muscle tissue, and use of dynamic movements to release fascial restrictions. The release is maintained until relaxation is perceived, ensuring the tissue is restored to its natural state.",[33,39],{"label":34,"type":35,"description":36,"interventionNames":37},"Active release technique","EXPERIMENTAL","Before applying active release technique, assess the knee joint, by palpating the area of tightness, tenderness and restricted movement .Then apply specific pressure to affected tissues, such as the quadriceps, hamstrings, iliotibial band (IT band) or patellar tendon, depending on the findings of the evaluation. The patient will then actively move the knee joint through prescribed range of motions, while the therapist maintain contact and provides appropriate pressure. This process is repeated several times, with the therapist adjusting pressure and movements as needed to improve tissue mobility and reduce pain.",[38],"Other: Group A",{"label":40,"type":41,"description":42,"interventionNames":43},"Myofascial Release Technique","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","For Myofascial release technique therapist will use their hands to apply sustained pressure to restricted areas fascia, gradually lengthening and releasing the tissue. Gentle stretching techniques can also be used to lengthen the tissue and muscles, improving flexibility and range of motion.",[44],"Other: Group B",[46,49],{"type":6,"name":47,"description":36,"armGroupLabels":48,"otherNames":21},"Group A",[34],{"type":6,"name":50,"description":42,"armGroupLabels":51,"otherNames":21},"Group B",[40],[53],{"name":54,"affiliation":5,"role":55},"Syed Shakil ur Rehman, PhD","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",[57],{"name":54,"role":58,"phone":59,"phoneExt":21,"email":60},"CONTACT","+92 320 786661","shakil.urrehman@riphah.edu.pk",[62],{"facility":63,"status":64,"city":65,"state":66,"zip":67,"country":68,"countryCode":69,"cosmosGeoPoint":70,"geoPoint":75,"contacts":76},"Riphah Rehabilitation Clinic","RECRUITING","Lahore","Punjab Province","54000","Pakistan","PK",{"type":71,"coordinates":72},"Point",[73,74],74.35071,31.558,{"lat":74,"lon":73},[77],{"name":54,"role":58,"phone":78,"phoneExt":21,"email":60},"+92 320 7866611",{"type":80,"investigatorFullName":21,"investigatorTitle":21,"investigatorAffiliation":21,"oldNameTitle":21,"oldOrganization":21},"SPONSOR","100658806","active-release-and-myofascial-release-technique-in-patients-with-patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-100658806",false,"NCT07854041","Active Release and Myofascial Release Technique in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome","Comparison of Active Release and Myofascial Release Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Experience retro patellar pain for at least three months, including pain at rest or during activities such as ascending or descending stairs, jumping, running, squatting, kneeling, or prolonged sitting (12).\n* Patients with + ive Squat test in the absence of any pathology\n* Patients also must have presented with an insidious onset of symptoms unrelated to trauma and a positive Clark test (19).\n* Reduced knee range of motion, especially extension\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* A history of significant lower extremity, pelvic, or spinal surgery\u002Ffracture, or traumatic lesions of ligaments or meniscus within the past six months.\n* Presence of other orthopedic conditions (e.g., ACL rupture, meniscal tears), neurological disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, paralysis), rheumatological diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), or congenital conditions leading to osteoarthrosis.\n* Current pregnancy\n* A history of connective tissue disease, patellofemoral dislocation or subluxation, osteoarthrosis of the knees.\n\nOther forms of anterior knee pain (e.g., Osgood-Schlatter disease, tendon pain, bursitis). A history of referred pain from the lumbar spine (12). or","ALL","15 Years","40 Years",{"count":92,"type":93},30,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[96],"NA","Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is often associated with imbalance and weakness in several key muscle group. These include the quadriceps (especially the vastus medialis oblique), hip abductors and external rotators and hamstrings as well as tightness in iliotibial band and gastrocnemius. Exercises involving isometrics, stretching, strengthening of knee along with core muscles has improved range, strength, coordination and motor control. This study aim to determine the effects of active release along with myofascial release technique on pain, range of motion and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.\n\nThis study will be a randomized controlled trial and will be conducted in Riphah Rehabilitation Clinic Lahore (Physiotherapy Department) and Ghurki Trust Hospital Lahore. Non-probability consecutive sampling will be used to collect the data. Sample size of 30 subjects with age group between 15-40 years will be taken. Data will be collected from the patients having present complaint of anterior knee pain. Outcome measures will be taken by using Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Anterior knee pain scale (AKPS)for pain, Universal Goniometer (GU) for Range of motion and KOOS PS scale to assess physical function in patient with knee pain. An informed consent will be taken. Subjects will be selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and will be equally divided into two groups by random number generator table. Both the Groups will receive RICE protocol, ice, stretching, strengthening and knee isometrics exercises, while Group A will receive active release and Group B will receive myofascial release technique. Outcome measures will be measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. Data analysis will be done by SPSS version 25.",[99],"Patello Femoral Pain Syndrome",[34,101,102,103,104],"Anterior knee pain","Range of motion","myofascial release","Patello Femoral pain Syndrome","2026-09-27",{"date":107,"type":108},"2026-10-02","ACTUAL",{"date":110,"type":108},"2026-06-01",{"date":112,"type":93},"2027-01-01",{"name":5,"class":6},1]