[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100658222":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":48,"detailedDescription":57,"studyPopulation":47,"armGroups":58,"interventions":90,"overallOfficials":47,"centralContacts":96,"locations":47,"responsibleParty":102,"collaborators":47,"id":106,"slug":107,"hasResults":108,"nctId":109,"briefTitle":110,"officialTitle":111,"acronym":47,"eligibilityCriteria":112,"healthyVolunteers":113,"sex":114,"minAge":115,"maxAge":47,"enrollmentInfo":116,"targetDuration":47,"studyType":119,"phases":120,"briefSummary":122,"conditions":123,"keywords":127,"overallStatus":131,"whyStopped":47,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":132,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":133,"startDateStruct":136,"completionDateStruct":138,"leadSponsor":140,"locationsCount":47},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"University of Connecticut","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":47},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Perceived message effectiveness - effects perceptions","A 3-item scale adapted from prior effects perception PME and substance use literature. After each message exposure, participants will be asked to respond to the following items: 1) This message discourages me from wanting to drink alcohol; 2) This message makes me concerned about the health effects of drinking alcohol; and 3) This message makes drinking alcohol seem unpleasant to me. Items will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). We will assess internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate measure reliability, we will average the items into a single composite PME measure.","Day 1; post intervention exposure",[14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":12},"Drinking intentions","Intentions will be assessed with a 3-item scale adapted from prior substance use and health communication research. Participants will answer each of the following questions: How likely is it that you will drink alcohol in the... 1) next week, 2) next month, and 3) next year. Responses will be on 5-point scales ranging from \"not at all\" (1) to \"extremely\" (5). We will assess internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate measure reliability, we will average the items into a single composite measure.",{"measure":18,"description":19,"timeFrame":12},"Message reactance","Message reactance will be assessed with a brief 3-item scale used in prior research. Participants will respond to the following statements: 1) This message is trying to manipulate me, 2) The health effect in this message is overblown, and 3) This message annoys me. Responses will be assessed on 5-point scales ranging from \"strongly disagree\" (1) to \"strongly agree\" (5). We will assess internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate measure reliability, we will average the items into a single composite measure.",{"measure":21,"description":22,"timeFrame":12},"Non-alcoholic beer message perceptions","A single item that has participants respond to the following statement: \"This message makes me think drinking non-alcoholic beer is healthier than alcoholic beer.\" This item will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).",{"measure":24,"description":25,"timeFrame":12},"Perceived message effectiveness - message perceptions","A 5-item scale assessing perceptions of each message, adapted from prior work. After each message exposure, participants will respond to the following items: 1) \"This message grabs my attention\"; 2) \"This message is believable\"; 3) \"This message is credible\"; 4) \"This message is trustworthy\"; and 5) \"I learned something new from this message.\" Items will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). We will assess internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate measure reliability, we will average the items into a single composite measure.",{"measure":27,"description":28,"timeFrame":12},"Attitudes toward alcohol","A 3-item measure assessing attitudes toward drinking alcohol. Participants will rate drinking alcohol on three 5-point bipolar scales: 1) harmful\u002Fsafe; 2) bad\u002Fgood; and 3) unhealthy\u002Fhealthy. We will assess internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate reliability, we will average the items into a single composite attitude measure.",{"measure":30,"description":31,"timeFrame":12},"Intentions to reduce alcohol use","Assessed only among participants who currently drink alcohol. Participants will be asked, \"How likely are you to reduce how much alcohol you drink?\" Responses will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all (1) to very much (5).",{"measure":33,"description":34,"timeFrame":12},"Alcohol-cancer causal beliefs","Causal beliefs will be assessed with a single item: \"How likely do you think it is that alcohol causes cancer?\" Responses will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all (1) to very much (5).",{"measure":36,"description":37,"timeFrame":12},"Intentions to quit drinking alcohol","Participants who currently drink alcohol will be asked, \"How likely are you to quit drinking alcohol?\" Responses will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all (1) to very much (5).",{"measure":39,"description":40,"timeFrame":12},"Alcohol-cancer risk beliefs","We will assess risk beliefs using a 3-item scale assessing affective, experiential, and deliberative perceptions of cancer risk among participants who currently drink alcohol. The measure stem will state, \"If you continue to drink alcohol at your current level…\" Participants will then answer the following items: 1) \"How worried are you about eventually getting cancer?\"; 2) \"To what extent could you see yourself eventually getting cancer?\"; and 3) \"How likely do you think it is that you will eventually get cancer?\" Items will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all (1) to very much (5). We will assess these items separately, as they tap into different tri-risk constructs; however, for exploratory purposes we will also assess internal consistency of the three items using Cronbach's alpha. Assuming adequate reliability, we will average the items into a single composite measure.",{"measure":42,"description":43,"timeFrame":12},"Support for message on alcohol containers","Assessed with a single item: \"I believe a message like this should be added to alcohol beverage containers.\" Responses will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).",{"measure":45,"description":46,"timeFrame":12},"Perceived effectiveness of message on alcohol containers","Assessed with a single item: \"Seeing a message like this on an alcoholic beverage would make me think twice about drinking alcohol.\" Responses will be assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).",null,{"allocation":49,"interventionModel":50,"interventionModelDescription":47,"primaryPurpose":51,"observationalModel":47,"timePerspective":47,"maskingInfo":52},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","PREVENTION",{"masking":53,"maskingDescription":47,"whoMasked":54},"DOUBLE",[55,56],"PARTICIPANT","INVESTIGATOR","Rational:\n\nAlcohol increases the risk for at least seven cancers, yet recent estimates suggest only between one-third and one-half of US adults are aware of this risk. Raising public awareness of the alcohol-cancer link can encourage better informed choices about alcohol and promote reduced consumption, yet the most effective strategies for raising such awareness remain to be determined.\n\nOne potential strategy is the use of alcohol-cancer risk messages, which could be disseminated through various communication channels (e.g., public service announcements, communication campaigns). However, such messages can differ in numerous ways, including their substantive content and the specific language used to communicate risk, and the optimal design of these messages and their effects on audiences remains to be determined.\n\nOurs and others' prior work has tested different alcohol-cancer warning label messages in experimental studies. These experiments have tested the effects of using causal vs. hedging language, the utility of adding pictograms in warning labels, different ways to frame the alcohol-cancer risk relationship, and the type of cancer to communicate in warning labels. The overarching goal of these studies was to develop effective warning labels that could be added to alcohol beverages.\n\nThe current study aims to extend this work by developing and preliminarily evaluating alcohol-cancer messages designed for a mass media public health campaign. These messages will be informed by theory-based constructs proximal to health behavior change (e.g., perceived likelihood\u002Fseverity of harm, response efficacy). We will evaluate messages via an online, cross-sectional message testing randomized experiment. Participants will be US adults aged 21+ recruited from Qualtrics Panels.\n\nObjective:\n\nThe primary objective of this study is to identify how different alcohol-cancer message frames affect message-related perceptions and related health outcomes (e.g., perceived message effectiveness, risk beliefs, drinking intentions). Findings will help inform future alcohol harm reduction health communication efforts.\n\nGuiding research question:\n\n1. Do different alcohol-cancer message frames affect people's a) message receptivity, b) alcohol-related attitudes and risk perceptions, and c) drinking intentions?\n2. Do any factors moderate the effects of exposure to different alcohol-cancer message frames (e.g., drinking status as a moderator)?",[59,65,69,73,77,81,86],{"label":60,"type":61,"description":62,"interventionNames":63},"Perceived likelihood frame","EXPERIMENTAL","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that convey the probability of experiencing a health harm (i.e., cancer) from a particular hazard (i.e., drinking alcohol).\n\nThe intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],"Behavioral: Alcohol health harm message exposure",{"label":66,"type":61,"description":67,"interventionNames":68},"Harm reduction frame","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that encourage reducing how much alcohol people drink. The intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],{"label":70,"type":61,"description":71,"interventionNames":72},"Perceived severity frame","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that convey how serious getting alcohol-associated cancer will be. The intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],{"label":74,"type":61,"description":75,"interventionNames":76},"Response efficacy frame","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that emphasize the effectiveness of protective behaviors for reducing alcohol-associated cancer risk. The intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],{"label":78,"type":61,"description":79,"interventionNames":80},"Harm prevention frame","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that emphasize completely abstaining from drinking alcohol. The intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],{"label":82,"type":83,"description":84,"interventionNames":85},"Surgeon General's frame","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Exposure to two alcohol-cancer messages that do not discuss alcohol-associated cancer risk. Instead, the messages use language from the existing U.S. Surgeon General's warning on alcoholic beverages. The intervention will be administered in an online survey experiment as static images displayed to participants.",[64],{"label":87,"type":88,"description":89,"interventionNames":47},"Control","NO_INTERVENTION","Participants randomized to control will not be exposed to any message stimuli.",[91],{"type":92,"name":93,"description":94,"armGroupLabels":95,"otherNames":47},"BEHAVIORAL","Alcohol health harm message exposure","Randomized exposure to one of five alcohol-cancer health campaign message frames, or a non-cancer alcohol harms frame.",[78,66,60,70,74,82],[97],{"name":98,"role":99,"phone":100,"phoneExt":47,"email":101},"Jacob A Rohde, PhD, MPH","CONTACT","(860) 486-2834","jacob.rohde@uconn.edu",{"type":103,"investigatorFullName":104,"investigatorTitle":105,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":47,"oldOrganization":47},"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","Jacob Rohde","Assistant Professor","100658222","alcohol-and-cancer-message-testing-experiment-100658222",false,"NCT07848906","Alcohol and Cancer Message Testing Experiment","Public Health Messaging Survey","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* currently reside in the US;\n* be aged 21 years or older; and\n* speak English.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- none beyond failure to meet the inclusion criteria.",true,"ALL","21 Years",{"count":117,"type":118},1400,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[121],"NA","Alcohol increases the risk for at least seven cancers, yet recent estimates suggest only between one-third and one-half of US adults are aware of this risk. The current study aims to develop and test alcohol-cancer messages designed for a mass media public health campaign. The messages will be informed by theory-based constructs proximal to health behavior change (e.g., perceived likelihood\u002Fseverity of harm, response efficacy). We will evaluate messages via an online, cross-sectional message testing randomized experiment. Participants will be US adults aged 21+ recruited from Qualtrics Panels.",[124,125,126],"Alcohol","Message Perception","PME",[128,129,130],"Message testing experiment","Alcohol risk messages","Alcohol and cancer","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-09-23",{"date":134,"type":135},"2026-09-30","ACTUAL",{"date":137,"type":118},"2026-09",{"date":139,"type":118},"2026-10",{"name":5,"class":6}]