[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100645651":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":23,"detailedDescription":31,"studyPopulation":22,"armGroups":32,"interventions":44,"overallOfficials":50,"centralContacts":58,"locations":64,"responsibleParty":84,"collaborators":22,"id":88,"slug":89,"hasResults":90,"nctId":91,"briefTitle":92,"officialTitle":93,"acronym":94,"eligibilityCriteria":95,"healthyVolunteers":90,"sex":96,"minAge":97,"maxAge":98,"enrollmentInfo":99,"targetDuration":22,"studyType":102,"phases":103,"briefSummary":105,"conditions":106,"keywords":22,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":22,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":115,"leadSponsor":117,"locationsCount":118},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"University of Baghdad","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":17,"otherOutcomes":22},[9,13],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"primary outcome meaure","Stage of change for anabolic-androgenic steroid use Stage of change will be assessed using a validated, AAS-adapted staging algorithm based on the Transtheoretical Model (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance). This outcome will evaluate participants' readiness to reduce or discontinue AAS use. Forward stage progression indicates a positive treatment effect.","Baseline, immediately after completion of the assigned intervention (post-test 1), and 8 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-test 2).]",{"measure":14,"description":15,"timeFrame":16},"Change in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Behavior","The primary outcome is the change in anabolic-androgenic steroid use behavior from baseline to the end of the intervention, assessed using a validated questionnaire.","Baseline to 6 months after randomization",[18],{"measure":19,"description":20,"timeFrame":21},"Change Behavior","2\\. Self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroid use behavior AAS use will be assessed using a self-report questionnaire capturing frequency, dose, and duration of use over the preceding period. This outcome will measure change in actual use behavior. Lower frequency\u002Fdose indicates reduced use.\n\n\\[Time Frame: Immediately after completion of the assigned intervention (post-test 1) and 8 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-test 2).\\] 3. Decisional balance regarding anabolic-androgenic steroid use Decisional balance (perceived pros and cons of AAS use) will be assessed using the study questionnaire. This outcome will measure the shift in the balance of perceived benefits versus risks of AAS use. A decrease in perceived pros relative to cons indicates a positive treatment effect.\n\n\\[Time Frame: Immediately after completion of the assigned intervention (post-test 1) and 8 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-test 2).\\] 4. Self-efficacy to resist anabolic-androgenic steroid u","Immediately after completion of the assigned intervention (post-test 1) and 8 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-test",null,{"allocation":24,"interventionModel":25,"interventionModelDescription":22,"primaryPurpose":26,"observationalModel":22,"timePerspective":22,"maskingInfo":27},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","PREVENTION",{"masking":28,"maskingDescription":22,"whoMasked":29},"SINGLE",[30],"OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR","Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use for aesthetic and performance-enhancing purposes has become an increasingly recognized problem among recreational and competitive gym-goers worldwide, with prevalence reported to be substantially higher in bodybuilding and fitness-center populations than in the general population. Non-medical AAS use is associated with cardiovascular disease, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and psychiatric sequelae including depression, aggression, and dependence. Despite this burden, few theory-driven behavioral interventions targeting AAS use in gym settings have been rigorously evaluated.\n\nThe Transtheoretical Model (TTM) proposes that behavior change unfolds through a sequence of stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance), and that interventions matched to an individual's current stage - using stage-specific processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy strategies - are more effective than generic, one-size-fits-all education. TTM-based interventions have demonstrated efficacy in other health behaviors such as smoking cessation, weight management, and physical activity promotion, but their application to AAS use reduction among gym-goers remains limited.\n\nThis study will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial at fitness centers\u002Fgyms in Mosul city, Iraq. A total of \\[N, e.g., 120\\] adult gym-goers who report current or recent non-medical AAS use, or who are identified as being at risk of AAS use, will be enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: a TTM-based intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a structured, multi-session program of individualized counseling matched to participants' baseline stage of change, incorporating motivational interviewing techniques, decisional-balance exercises, and self-efficacy building strategies delivered over \\[e.g., 8 weeks\\]. The control group will receive standard printed health education materials on the risks of AAS use.\n\nData will be collected using validated self-report questionnaires assessing stage of change (e.g., a URICA-type or AAS-adapted staging algorithm), decisional balance (pros and cons of AAS use), self-efficacy to resist AAS use, and self-reported AAS use behavior (frequency, dose, and duration). Assessments will occur at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a follow-up time point. The study will compare the effect of the TTM-based intervention versus control on stage progression and AAS use behavior, and will examine the relationship between stage of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and actual reduction or cessation of AAS use.",[33,39],{"label":34,"type":35,"description":36,"interventionNames":37},"TTM Intervention Group","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants will receive an individualized, stage-matched behavioral counseling program targeting reduction and cessation of nonmedical anabolic-androgenic steroid use.",[38],"Behavioral: TTM-Based Intervention for AAS Use Reduction A structured, multi-session counseling intervention grounded in the Transtheoretical Model. Content and techniques (e.g., consciousness raising, decisional",{"label":40,"type":41,"description":42,"interventionNames":43},"Control Group","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Participants will receive standard printed health education materials on the risks of anabolic-androgenic steroid use, without stage-matched counseling.",[38],[45],{"type":46,"name":47,"description":48,"armGroupLabels":49,"otherNames":22},"BEHAVIORAL","TTM-Based Intervention for AAS Use Reduction A structured, multi-session counseling intervention grounded in the Transtheoretical Model. Content and techniques (e.g., consciousness raising, decisional","Participants receive a standard pamphlet\u002Fhandout describing the physical and psychological risks of AAS use, consistent with routine health promotion practice at the study site.",[40,34],[51,55],{"name":52,"affiliation":53,"role":54},"Raad kareem Faraj K Faraj, PhD","University of Baghdad college of nursing","STUDY_CHAIR",{"name":56,"affiliation":53,"role":57},"Faraj, PhD","STUDY_DIRECTOR",[59],{"name":60,"role":61,"phone":62,"phoneExt":22,"email":63},"Alaa Yousif Ayed Y Ayed, Msc","CONTACT","9467518526800","Alaa.Aayid2406p@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq",[65],{"facility":66,"status":22,"city":67,"state":68,"zip":22,"country":69,"countryCode":70,"cosmosGeoPoint":71,"geoPoint":76,"contacts":77},"Fitness Center","Mosul","Nineveh Governorate","Iraq","IQ",{"type":72,"coordinates":73},"Point",[74,75],43.11889,36.335,{"lat":75,"lon":74},[78,82],{"name":79,"role":61,"phone":80,"phoneExt":22,"email":81},"khalil I Ibrahim, Msc","9467724201777","dr.raad@Conursing.Uobaghdad.edu.iq",{"name":83,"role":61,"phone":80,"phoneExt":22,"email":81},"Khalil I Ibrahim, Mcs",{"type":85,"investigatorFullName":86,"investigatorTitle":87,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":22,"oldOrganization":22},"SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR","Alaa Yousif Ayed Ahmed","Nursing Instructor","100645651","anabolic-androgenic-steroid-use-among-gym-goers-100645651",false,"NCT07702110","Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Among Gym-Goers","Efficacy of a Transtheoretical Model-Based Intervention on Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Among Gym-Goers: A Randomized Controlled Trial","TTM - AAS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n● Adult gym members regularly attending the study fitness center(s)\n\n● Male or female, aged 18 years or older\n\n● Current or past-year non-medical use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, or identified as at risk of initiating use\n\n● Willing to participate and provide informed consent\n\n● Able to attend the assigned intervention sessions and complete study assessments\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n● Nurses\u002Fparticipants who do not agree to participate in the study\n\n● Use of AAS under current medical supervision\u002Fprescription for a diagnosed condition\n\n● Not available during the study intervention or follow-up period\n\n● Unable to attend the assigned intervention sessions\n\n● Do not complete the required study assessments\n\n● Participated in the pilot study","MALE","18 Years","60 Years",{"count":100,"type":101},120,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[104],"NA","This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-based behavior-change intervention, delivered through stage-matched counseling sessions, on anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use among gym-goers, compared with a control group receiving standard health education. Non-medical AAS use is a growing public health concern in gym and fitness settings and is associated with serious cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, and psychiatric harms. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a TTM-based intervention group or a control group. The intervention will tailor counseling content to each participant's stage of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance) regarding AAS use. The findings of this study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of stage-based behavioral counseling in reducing AAS use and progressing gym-goers toward safer, drug-free training practices.",[107,108],"Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use","Substance-Related Disorders","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-08",{"date":112,"type":113},"2026-07-14","ACTUAL",{"date":110,"type":101},{"date":116,"type":101},"2027-04-01",{"name":86,"class":6},1]