[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100659185":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":26,"detailedDescription":28,"studyPopulation":29,"armGroups":30,"interventions":38,"overallOfficials":25,"centralContacts":51,"locations":25,"responsibleParty":57,"collaborators":25,"id":59,"slug":60,"hasResults":61,"nctId":62,"briefTitle":63,"officialTitle":64,"acronym":25,"eligibilityCriteria":65,"healthyVolunteers":61,"sex":66,"minAge":67,"maxAge":25,"enrollmentInfo":68,"targetDuration":25,"studyType":71,"phases":25,"briefSummary":72,"conditions":73,"keywords":75,"overallStatus":80,"whyStopped":25,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":81,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":82,"startDateStruct":85,"completionDateStruct":87,"leadSponsor":89,"locationsCount":25},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":25},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Glycemic control measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)","The primary outcome is glycemic control, assessed by the most recent HbA1c result recorded within 3 months before enrollment. With permission, HbA1c will be obtained from the participant's medical record or hospital information system. Cross-sectional associations of HbA1c with diabetes distress and medication adherence barriers, and the statistical mediating role of diabetes self-management in these relationships, will be examined.","At study enrollment; the most recent HbA1c result measured within the previous 3 months.",[14,18,22],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":17},"Mean score on the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale","Diabetes distress will be measured using the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). Each item is rated from 1 to 6, and the overall score is calculated as the mean of the 17 item scores, resulting in a score range of 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater diabetes distress (a worse outcome). The score will be analyzed in relation to HbA1c and diabetes self-management.","Once at study enrollment.",{"measure":19,"description":20,"timeFrame":21},"Total score on the Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire","Practical barriers to medication adherence will be assessed using the 15-item Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire (MPRAQ). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 15 (minimum) to 75 (maximum). Higher scores indicate greater practical barriers to medication adherence (a worse outcome). The score will be analyzed in relation to HbA1c and diabetes self-management.","Once at study enrollment",{"measure":23,"description":24,"timeFrame":21},"Diabetes self-management score","Diabetes self-management will be assessed using the 19-item Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale. Its statistical mediating role in the relationships of diabetes distress and medication adherence barriers with HbA1c will be examined.",null,{"allocation":25,"interventionModel":25,"interventionModelDescription":25,"primaryPurpose":25,"observationalModel":6,"timePerspective":27,"maskingInfo":25},"CROSS_SECTIONAL","This single-center, cross-sectional observational study will be conducted at the Diabetes Nursing Unit of Bozüyük State Hospital in Bilecik, Türkiye. The study will examine whether diabetes self-management statistically mediates the relationships between diabetes distress and glycemic control, and between practical medication adherence barriers and glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c.\n\nAdults aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for at least six months, receiving oral antidiabetic medication and\u002For insulin, and with an HbA1c result measured within the previous three months will be eligible. Participants must be able to communicate in Turkish and provide informed consent. Individuals with type 1 or gestational diabetes, those unable to complete the questionnaires because of cognitive or other serious communication difficulties, and those without a recent HbA1c result will be excluded.\n\nData will be collected once through a personal information form, the Diabetes Distress Scale, the Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire, and the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale. The most recent HbA1c result will be obtained from the participant's medical record or hospital information system with permission. Completing the study forms is expected to take approximately 15-20 minutes. No intervention will be provided, and participants' usual care will not be changed. The planned sample size is at least 137 participants.","Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend the Diabetes Nursing Unit of Bozüyük State Hospital in Bilecik, Türkiye, have had type 2 diabetes for at least six months, and meet the study eligibility criteria.",[31],{"label":32,"type":25,"description":33,"interventionNames":34},"Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","Adults aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months who meet the study eligibility criteria. All participants will be assessed in a single group.",[35,36,37],"Other: Diabetes Distress","Other: Medication Adherence Barriers","Other: Diabetes self-managemen",[39,43,47],{"type":6,"name":40,"description":41,"armGroupLabels":42,"otherNames":25},"Diabetes Distress","Diabetes distress will be assessed once using the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). No intervention will be assigned, and participants' usual diabetes care will not be changed.",[32],{"type":6,"name":44,"description":45,"armGroupLabels":46,"otherNames":25},"Medication Adherence Barriers","Practical barriers to medication adherence will be assessed once using the 15-item Medication Practical Barriers to Adherence Questionnaire. No intervention will be assigned, and participants' usual diabetes care will not be changed.",[32],{"type":6,"name":48,"description":49,"armGroupLabels":50,"otherNames":25},"Diabetes self-managemen","Diabetes self-management will be assessed once using the 19-item Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale. No intervention will be assigned, and participants' usual diabetes care will not be changed.",[32],[52],{"name":53,"role":54,"phone":55,"phoneExt":25,"email":56},"Burcu Bayrak Kahraman, PhD","CONTACT","+905057542411","burcu.bayrak@bilecik.edu.tr",{"type":58,"investigatorFullName":25,"investigatorTitle":25,"investigatorAffiliation":25,"oldNameTitle":25,"oldOrganization":25},"SPONSOR","100659185","diabetes-distress-medication-adherence-barriers-self-management-and-glycemic-control-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-100659185",false,"NCT07861308","Diabetes Distress, Medication Adherence Barriers, Self-Management, and Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes","The Mediating Role of Diabetes Self-Management in the Relationship Between Diabetes Distress, Medication Adherence Barriers, and Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older.\n* Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least six months.\n* Attending the Diabetes Nursing Unit.\n* Using oral antidiabetic medication and\u002For insulin.\n* Having an HbA1c result measured within the previous three months.\n* Able to communicate in Turkish.\n* Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes.\n* No HbA1c result measured within the previous three months, or the result is unavailable.\n* Withdraws from the study.\n* Study forms are substantially incomplete.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":69,"type":70},137,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","This observational study will examine the relationships among diabetes distress, practical barriers to medication use, diabetes self-management, and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants who meet the study criteria and agree to take part will complete questionnaires about their personal and clinical characteristics, diabetes distress, medication-taking barriers, and diabetes self-management. With their permission, the most recent HbA1c result measured within the previous three months will be obtained from their medical record. No treatment or medication changes will be made for this study. The researchers plan to include at least 137 participants.",[74],"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus",[76,77,78,79],"Medication Adherence","Diabetes Self-Management","Glycemic Control","Hemoglobin A1c","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-10-05",{"date":83,"type":84},"2026-10-06","ACTUAL",{"date":86,"type":70},"2026-12-15",{"date":88,"type":70},"2027-12-15",{"name":5,"class":6}]