[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100651483":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":20,"overallOfficials":24,"centralContacts":29,"locations":39,"responsibleParty":58,"collaborators":24,"id":60,"slug":61,"hasResults":62,"nctId":63,"briefTitle":64,"officialTitle":64,"acronym":24,"eligibilityCriteria":65,"healthyVolunteers":62,"sex":66,"minAge":67,"maxAge":68,"enrollmentInfo":69,"targetDuration":24,"studyType":72,"phases":73,"briefSummary":75,"conditions":76,"keywords":79,"overallStatus":42,"whyStopped":24,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":85,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":86,"startDateStruct":89,"completionDateStruct":91,"leadSponsor":93,"locationsCount":94},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences","OTHER",[8,14],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT)","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants in this group will receive Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) along with standard medical care. The intervention aims to improve breathing control and respiratory efficiency in patients with pneumonia. The program includes nasal inhalation to promote nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing. Participants will practice reduced breathing volume to avoid hyperventilation and improve gas exchange. Controlled breathing rate will be used to maintain slow and regular breathing patterns. The intervention also includes breath-holding after exhalation to enhance breathing control. Patients will perform relaxed diaphragmatic breathing to reduce accessory muscle use. All exercises will be supervised by a trained physiotherapist to ensure safety and correct technique. Sessions will be conducted twice daily for 20-30 minutes. The intervention will continue for seven days or until hospital discharge.",[13],"Other: Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT)",{"label":15,"type":16,"description":17,"interventionNames":18},"Incentive Spirometry (IS)","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Participants in this group will perform breathing exercises using an incentive spirometer along with standard medical care. The intervention aims to improve lung expansion and respiratory function in patients with pneumonia. Participants will perform slow maximal inhalation using the spirometer to encourage deep breathing and increase lung capacity. Each inhalation will be followed by breath holding for approximately 2-3 seconds to promote better air distribution in the lungs. After this, participants will perform controlled and slow exhalation. The exercise will be repeated several times to support lung expansion and airway clearance. The sessions will be conducted twice daily for 20-30 minutes, and participants will also perform 10 deep breaths every hour while awake. The intervention will continue for seven days or until hospital discharge.",[19],"Device: Incentive Spirometry (IS)",[21,25],{"type":6,"name":9,"description":22,"armGroupLabels":23,"otherNames":24},"Buteyko Breathing Technique involves controlled nasal breathing with breath-holding and relaxed exhalation. Participants perform slow nasal inhalation followed by relaxed exhalation at a rate of approximately 6 deep breaths per 30 seconds. Strategic breath-holds after exhalation are incorporated to reduce hyperventilation and increase physiological CO₂ levels. Sessions are supervised twice daily for 20-30 minutes over 7 days or until hospital discharge. Intensity is maintained within patient comfort limits. SpO₂ and Borg dyspnoea scores are monitored during sessions. Sputum volume is recorded post-session. Daily sputum diary is maintained. The goal is to improve breath control, reduce dyspnoea, and facilitate sputum clearance.",[9],null,{"type":26,"name":15,"description":27,"armGroupLabels":28,"otherNames":24},"DEVICE","This intervention uses an Incentive Spirometry device to promote deep lung inflation. Participants perform slow maximal inhalation to achieve target volume, followed by a 2-3 second breath hold, then slow exhalation. Sessions are supervised twice daily for 20-30 minutes, plus 10 deep breaths per hour while awake, over 7 days or until hospital discharge. Intensity is maintained at gentle maximal inhalation without discomfort. SpO₂ and Borg dyspnoea scores are monitored during sessions. Sputum volume is recorded post-session. Daily sputum diary is maintained. The goal is to improve lung expansion, oxygenation, and inspiratory capacity.",[15],[30,35],{"name":31,"role":32,"phone":33,"phoneExt":24,"email":34},"Faizan Ahmad","CONTACT","03054741978","faizanxahmad21@gmail.com",{"name":36,"role":32,"phone":37,"phoneExt":24,"email":38},"Sahar Fatima","03271202200","Sahar.fatime@ubas.edu.pk",[40],{"facility":41,"status":42,"city":43,"state":44,"zip":24,"country":45,"countryCode":46,"cosmosGeoPoint":47,"geoPoint":52,"contacts":53},"Combined Military Hospital (CMH)","RECRUITING","Lahore","Punjab Province","Pakistan","PK",{"type":48,"coordinates":49},"Point",[50,51],74.35071,31.558,{"lat":51,"lon":50},[54],{"name":55,"role":32,"phone":56,"phoneExt":24,"email":57},"Shoaib Waqas","03024552109","shoaib.waqas@ubad.edu.pk",{"type":59,"investigatorFullName":24,"investigatorTitle":24,"investigatorAffiliation":24,"oldNameTitle":24,"oldOrganization":24},"SPONSOR","100651483","effects-of-buteyko-breathing-versus-incentive-spirometry-on-oxygen-saturation-dyspnoea-exercise-tolerance-and-sputum-clearance-in-patients-with-smog-induced-pneumonia-100651483",false,"NCT07759583","Effects of Buteyko Breathing Versus Incentive Spirometry on Oxygen Saturation, Dyspnoea, Exercise Tolerance, and Sputum Clearance in Patients With Smog Induced Pneumonia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nMale and female participants Age between 25-40 years Clinically diagnosed pneumonia Recent exposure to high air pollution levels (AQI threshold exceeded within the past 7 days) Resting oxygen saturation between 86-95% Ability to understand and perform breathing exercises -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nRequirement for mechanical ventilation or ICU admission Hemodynamic instability Severe chronic respiratory disease such as COPD with hypercapnia Pneumothorax or massive hemoptysis Recent thoracic surgery or trauma Cognitive impairment affecting cooperation Pregnancy\n\n\\-","ALL","25 Years","40 Years",{"count":70,"type":71},62,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[74],"NA","The current study will be a single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving 62 patients diagnosed with smog-induced pneumonia. The study will compare the effects of Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) with Incentive Spirometry (IS) on respiratory outcomes.\n\nParticipants will be randomly assigned to two groups using a concealed allocation method. The experimental group will receive Buteyko Breathing Technique along with standard medical care, while the control group will receive Incentive Spirometry along with standard medical care.\n\nBoth interventions will be performed twice daily for approximately 20-30 minutes per session for seven days or until hospital discharge.\n\nPrimary outcomes will include oxygen saturation (SpO₂), dyspnoea severity, exercise tolerance, sputum clearance, and respiratory symptom burden. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Day 0), mid-intervention (Day 3), post-intervention (Week 2), and follow-up (Week 4).\n\nThe study will be conducted at the pulmonary wards of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) and The Indus Hospital, Lahore.\n\nThe hypothesis is that Buteyko Breathing Technique may produce greater improvements in oxygen saturation, dyspnoea reduction, exercise tolerance, and sputum clearance compared with Incentive Spirometry in patients with smog-induced pneumonia.",[77,78],"Smog-Induced Pneumonia","Pneumonia",[80,81,82,83,84],"Buteyko Breathing Technique","Incentive Spirometry","Oxygen saturation","Pulmonary Rehabilitation","Smog-induced Pneumonia","2026-08-06",{"date":87,"type":88},"2026-08-12","ACTUAL",{"date":90,"type":88},"2026-05-01",{"date":92,"type":71},"2026-10-15",{"name":5,"class":6},1]