[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100648451":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":19,"overallOfficials":29,"centralContacts":34,"locations":43,"responsibleParty":69,"collaborators":72,"id":77,"slug":78,"hasResults":79,"nctId":80,"briefTitle":81,"officialTitle":82,"acronym":83,"eligibilityCriteria":84,"healthyVolunteers":79,"sex":85,"minAge":86,"maxAge":10,"enrollmentInfo":87,"targetDuration":90,"studyType":91,"phases":10,"briefSummary":92,"conditions":93,"keywords":96,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":10,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":116,"leadSponsor":118,"locationsCount":119},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Thammasart University Hospital","OTHER",[8,14],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"GLP-1 receptor agonist initiators",null,"Adults with type 2 diabetes and no-to-mild NPDR who are starting a first-ever GLP-1 receptor agonist, prescribed by the treating physician independently of the study. Followed with the standardized multimodal retinal-imaging and metabolic battery. Primary exposure of interest, glycemic velocity, is measured within this cohort.",[13],"Drug: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists",{"label":15,"type":10,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"SGLT2 inhibitor initiators","Adults with type 2 diabetes and no-to-mild NPDR who are starting a first-ever SGLT2 inhibitor, prescribed by the treating physician independently of the study. Active comparator that shares the glucose-lowering indication but is not classically associated with early retinopathy worsening. Followed with the identical battery.",[18],"Drug: SGLT2 inhibitor",[20,25],{"type":21,"name":22,"description":23,"armGroupLabels":24,"otherNames":10},"DRUG","GLP-1 Receptor Agonists","First-ever GLP-1 receptor agonist initiated as routine clinical care; class and rate of titration are recorded but not controlled by the study. Mapped to Cohort 1.",[9],{"type":21,"name":26,"description":27,"armGroupLabels":28,"otherNames":10},"SGLT2 inhibitor","First-ever SGLT2 inhibitor initiated as routine clinical care; recorded but not controlled by the study. Mapped to Cohort 2.",[15],[30],{"name":31,"affiliation":32,"role":33},"Kanokporn Sanpawithayakul, MD, MSc, PhD","Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",[35,40],{"name":36,"role":37,"phone":38,"phoneExt":10,"email":39},"Wit Tharanon, Doctor of medicine","CONTACT","+66944989500","wthara@tu.ac.th",{"name":31,"role":37,"phone":41,"phoneExt":10,"email":42},"+66 86 772 4409","kanokpor2@tu.ac.th",[44],{"facility":45,"status":10,"city":46,"state":47,"zip":48,"country":49,"countryCode":50,"cosmosGeoPoint":51,"geoPoint":56,"contacts":57},"Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University","Pathum Thani","Khlong Luang","12120","Thailand","TH",{"type":52,"coordinates":53},"Point",[54,55],100.53049,14.01346,{"lat":55,"lon":54},[58,59,60,63,65,67],{"name":36,"role":37,"phone":38,"phoneExt":10,"email":39},{"name":31,"role":33,"phone":10,"phoneExt":10,"email":10},{"name":61,"role":62,"phone":10,"phoneExt":10,"email":10},"Wit Tharanon, MD.","SUB_INVESTIGATOR",{"name":64,"role":62,"phone":10,"phoneExt":10,"email":10},"Kittichai Akrapipatkul, Assoc.Prof.",{"name":66,"role":62,"phone":10,"phoneExt":10,"email":10},"Nattapon Wongcumchang, Assoc.Prof.",{"name":68,"role":62,"phone":10,"phoneExt":10,"email":10},"Pacharaporn Dedpirattanamongkhon, MD.",{"type":33,"investigatorFullName":70,"investigatorTitle":71,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":10,"oldOrganization":10},"Wit Tharanon","Research fellow in Ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine, Thammasat University",[73,75],{"name":74,"class":6},"Thammasat University Hospital",{"name":76,"class":6},"Thammasat University","100648451","glycemic-velocity-and-early-retinal-microvascular-change-with-glp-1ra-versus-sglt2i-initiation-in-type-2-diabetes-glide-100648451",false,"NCT07723820","Glycemic Velocity and Early Retinal Microvascular Change With GLP-1RA Versus SGLT2i Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes (GLIDE)","Glycemic Velocity as a Modifiable Determinant of Early Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Change During Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Versus SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Multimodal Retinal Imaging Cohort Study (the GLIDE Study)","GLIDE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 years or older with a documented diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.\n* Clinical decision, made by the treating physician independently of the study, to initiate a first-ever GLP-1 receptor agonist or a first-ever SGLT2 inhibitor.\n* Baseline retinal status ranging from no diabetic retinopathy to mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in the study eye(s), confirmed by fundus photography \u002F ETDRS grading.\n* Baseline HbA1c within a range permitting a measurable subsequent change (e.g., 7.0% or higher), obtained within 30 days before or after the scheduled ophthalmic assessment.\n* Media sufficiently clear and fixation adequate to obtain gradable OCT-A and OCT images.\n* Able and willing to provide written informed consent and to attend scheduled follow-up visits.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Moderate-to-severe NPDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or center-involving diabetic macular edema at baseline.\n* Prior or concurrent treatment for diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy: pan-retinal or focal\u002Fgrid laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-VEGF or corticosteroid therapy, or vitreoretinal surgery.\n* Any prior exposure to a GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor (to preserve the new-user design).\n* Type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, or secondary diabetes.\n* Other retinal or choroidal disease that would confound microvascular\u002Fchoroidal measurement: age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein or artery occlusion, uveitis, high myopia (spherical equivalent more negative than -6.0 D or axial length greater than 26.0 mm), or significant media opacity precluding imaging.\n* Coexisting glaucoma or optic neuropathy that independently alters retinal vascular or neural metrics.\n* Recent (within 3 months) intraocular surgery in the study eye, including cataract surgery.\n* Uncontrolled systemic hypertension or a known systemic condition (e.g., significant anemia, severe renal impairment with eGFR \\\u003C 30 mL\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m², or active malignancy) that independently affects retinal perfusion or oximetry, at investigator discretion.\n* Pregnancy, or planned simultaneous initiation of insulin such that the index glucose-lowering exposure cannot be attributed (concurrent stable insulin is permitted and recorded as a pre-specified effect modifier).\n* Inability to provide informed consent or to comply with the imaging and follow-up schedule.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":88,"type":89},126,"ESTIMATED","3 Months","OBSERVATIONAL","The GLIDE study looks at how the small blood vessels of the eye respond during the first months of a new diabetes medicine. Two widely used classes of glucose-lowering drugs, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, are compared in adults with type 2 diabetes who have no diabetic retinopathy or only early (mild) diabetic retinopathy.\n\nWhen blood sugar (HbA1c) falls quickly after starting treatment, the retina can undergo a brief, temporary worsening before it stabilizes and benefits over the long term. This study asks whether it is the speed of that blood-sugar reduction, which we call \"glycemic velocity,\" rather than the specific drug, that drives early changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow.\n\nParticipants are patients whose own physician has decided, independently of the study, to start one of these two drugs for the first time. The study does not choose, provide, or change any medicine; it adds only eye imaging, blood tests, and observation. Each participant is followed with specialized, non-invasive eye scans, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and structural\u002Fchoroidal OCT, together with HbA1c and other measurements, at the start of treatment and again over the following months.\n\nThe main measurement is the change, from the start of treatment to month 3, in the density of the tiny deep-layer capillaries at the center of the retina, measured on OCT-A. The study will test whether faster HbA1c reduction is linked to greater early change in these vessels and, using statistical mediation analysis, will estimate how much of any difference between the two drug groups is explained by glycemic velocity versus a direct drug effect.\n\nIf glycemic velocity, a factor physicians can influence by adjusting how quickly treatment is intensified, turns out to drive early retinal change, the findings could guide safer treatment strategies and help identify patients who need closer eye monitoring when starting these medicines.",[94,95],"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)",[97,98,26,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108],"glycemic velocity","GLP-1 receptor agonist","OCT angiography","deep capillary plexus","retinal vessel density","foveal avascular zone","choroidal vascularity index","diabetic retinopathy","early worsening diabetic retinopathy","new-user active-comparator","causal mediation","retinal perfusion","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-22",{"date":112,"type":113},"2026-07-24","ACTUAL",{"date":115,"type":89},"2026-09-01",{"date":117,"type":89},"2027-09-01",{"name":5,"class":6},1]