[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100658614":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":27,"detailedDescription":30,"studyPopulation":31,"armGroups":32,"interventions":38,"overallOfficials":26,"centralContacts":43,"locations":49,"responsibleParty":79,"collaborators":26,"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":83,"nctId":84,"briefTitle":85,"officialTitle":86,"acronym":87,"eligibilityCriteria":88,"healthyVolunteers":89,"sex":90,"minAge":91,"maxAge":26,"enrollmentInfo":92,"targetDuration":26,"studyType":95,"phases":26,"briefSummary":96,"conditions":97,"keywords":101,"overallStatus":109,"whyStopped":26,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":115,"leadSponsor":117,"locationsCount":118},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Medical University of Bialystok","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":26},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Prevalence of diving-related adverse events","Proportion of divers reporting at least one diving-related adverse event (barotrauma symptoms, decompression sickness symptoms, or other post-dive health problems) occurring at any time during the participant's diving history up to enrollment (lifetime recall). Reported as a percentage with 95% confidence interval.","At enrollment (Day 1; single cross-sectional assessment)",[14,17,20,23],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":12},"Estimated VO2max (University of Houston Non-Exercise Test)","Estimated maximal oxygen uptake (mL\u002Fkg\u002Fmin) calculated from the University of Houston Non-Exercise Test (physical activity rating, age, BMI, and sex), summarized as mean with standard deviation and as median with quartiles, stratified by sex and age.",{"measure":18,"description":19,"timeFrame":12},"Diving safety knowledge score","Percentage of correct answers on the diving-hazard knowledge test (decompression sickness, barotrauma, and safe-diving rules), reported overall and at three difficulty levels: basic, advanced, and emergency-medical.",{"measure":21,"description":22,"timeFrame":12},"Frequency of risky behaviours","Proportion of divers reporting risky behaviours: tobacco use, alcohol use before diving, diving under the influence of alcohol or other substances, and diving beyond their certification level.",{"measure":24,"description":25,"timeFrame":12},"Adjusted odds ratios for diving-related adverse events","Adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for the occurrence of at least one diving-related adverse event, estimated by multivariable logistic regression, for certification level, estimated VO2max, BMI, and selected risk factors from the DAN DSL 2024 dataset (e.g., sex, thermal comfort, pre-dive physical activity).",null,{"allocation":26,"interventionModel":26,"interventionModelDescription":26,"primaryPurpose":26,"observationalModel":28,"timePerspective":29,"maskingInfo":26},"COHORT","CROSS_SECTIONAL","Primary objective: to assess health status, physical fitness, and safety\u002Ftraining knowledge in relation to the occurrence of diving-related adverse events among recreational divers in Poland.\n\nSpecific objectives: (1) estimate VO2max from the University of Houston Non-Exercise Test; (2) assess knowledge of decompression sickness, barotrauma, and safe-diving rules at basic, advanced, and emergency-medical levels; (3) determine the frequency of barotrauma and decompression sickness symptoms (clinically confirmed versus presumed); (4) identify risky behaviours (smoking, alcohol use, diving under the influence, and diving beyond certification); (5) assess associations between training level, physical activity, and health and the occurrence of adverse events using multivariable logistic regression.\n\nHypotheses: H1 - higher certification (Advanced Open Water Diver and above) is associated with better knowledge of diving-related health hazards; H2 - lower estimated VO2max is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events; H3 - risky behaviours are more frequent among lower-certified divers; H4 (exploratory) - decompression sickness risk factors identified in the DAN DSL 2024 dataset are present in the Polish recreational diving population.\n\nDesign: cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional study conducted as an anonymous online survey. No clinical procedures, biological sampling, or modification of medical management are involved.\n\nPopulation and sampling: adults (18 years or older) residing in Poland who completed at least one dive in the past 24 months, recruited online (convenience sampling) via diving organizations, dive centers, and themed social-media communities.\n\nSample size: target analytic n = 384, derived by triangulation of three methods (proportion estimation n = 323; two-proportion comparison n = 304; logistic-regression events-per-variable rule n = 234), with the binding value (323) plus a 15% non-response buffer.\n\nData collection and privacy: anonymous online questionnaire hosted on Medical University of Bialystok infrastructure (REDCap); no identifying data and no IP address are stored; processing is GDPR-compliant; data are retained on secured university storage for 5 years and used only for aggregate scientific analysis.","Adult recreational divers residing in Poland who completed at least one dive in the past 24 months, recruited online (convenience sampling) via diving organizations (KDP\u002FCMAS-PTTK, PADI, SSI, IANTD, RAID), dive centers, and themed social-media communities.",[33],{"label":34,"type":26,"description":35,"interventionNames":36},"Recreational divers","Adults (18 years or older) residing in Poland who completed at least one dive in the past 24 months and complete the anonymous online survey. A single observational cohort assessed cross-sectionally.",[37],"Other: Anonymous online questionnaire",[39],{"type":6,"name":40,"description":41,"armGroupLabels":42,"otherNames":26},"Anonymous online questionnaire","Anonymous online questionnaire completed once by each participant (about 12 to 18 minutes). It captures demographic data, diving exposure and certification level, chronic health conditions, risky behaviours, estimated VO2max (University of Houston Non-Exercise Test), and a diving-safety knowledge test. No clinical procedures or biological sampling are involved; this is the observational data-collection instrument for the cohort.",[34],[44],{"name":45,"role":46,"phone":47,"phoneExt":26,"email":48},"Lukasz Minarowski, MD, PhD","CONTACT","+48 85 831 63 83","lukasz.minarowski@umb.edu.pl",[50,66],{"facility":51,"status":26,"city":52,"state":53,"zip":54,"country":55,"countryCode":56,"cosmosGeoPoint":57,"geoPoint":62,"contacts":63},"Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Respiratory Physiopathology","Bialystok","Podlaskie Voivodeship","15-540","Poland","PL",{"type":58,"coordinates":59},"Point",[60,61],23.16433,53.13333,{"lat":61,"lon":60},[64],{"name":45,"role":46,"phone":65,"phoneExt":26,"email":48},"+48505237045",{"facility":67,"status":26,"city":52,"state":53,"zip":54,"country":55,"countryCode":56,"cosmosGeoPoint":68,"geoPoint":70,"contacts":71},"Medical University of Bialystok, II Department of Lung Diseases, Lung Cancer and Internal Medicine",{"type":58,"coordinates":69},[60,61],{"lat":61,"lon":60},[72,76],{"name":73,"role":46,"phone":74,"phoneExt":26,"email":75},"Robert Mróz, Prof. MD PhD","+48858316383","lung@umb.edu.pl",{"name":77,"role":78,"phone":26,"phoneExt":26,"email":26},"Jakub Matuk, BEng","SUB_INVESTIGATOR",{"type":80,"investigatorFullName":26,"investigatorTitle":26,"investigatorAffiliation":26,"oldNameTitle":26,"oldOrganization":26},"SPONSOR","100658614","health-fitness-and-safety-knowledge-as-determinants-of-adverse-events-in-recreational-divers-in-poland-100658614",false,"NCT07855861","Health, Fitness, and Safety Knowledge as Determinants of Adverse Events in Recreational Divers in Poland","Health Status, Physical Activity, and Safety Knowledge as Determinants of Adverse Events Among Recreational Divers in Poland: a Cross-sectional Online Survey Study","DIVE-PL","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older\n* At least one dive within the past 24 months\n* Provision of informed consent (checkbox in the survey)\n* Residence in Poland (self-declared)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age under 18 years\n* No dive within the past 24 months\n* No consent to participate\n* Incomplete completion of survey sections A-C (eligibility, demographics, diving exposure)",true,"ALL","18 Years",{"count":93,"type":94},384,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","This cross-sectional online survey study assesses health status, physical fitness, and safety knowledge as potential determinants of diving-related adverse events among recreational divers in Poland. Recreational diving exposes participants to specific hazards, including decompression sickness (DCS) and barotrauma of the middle ear, sinuses, and lungs. To date, no Polish study has simultaneously evaluated health, physical fitness, theoretical safety knowledge, and the occurrence of adverse events in this population. Adult divers (18 years or older) who completed at least one dive in the past 24 months and reside in Poland complete an anonymous online questionnaire (about 12 to 18 minutes). Physical fitness is estimated as VO2max using the University of Houston Non-Exercise Test (physical activity rating, age, BMI, and sex). Knowledge of DCS, barotrauma, and safe-diving rules is tested at three difficulty levels. The questionnaire also captures diving exposure, certification level, chronic health conditions, and risky behaviours (smoking, alcohol use, and diving beyond certification). The primary endpoint is the proportion of divers reporting at least one diving-related adverse event. Associations with certification level, estimated VO2max, BMI, and other factors are analysed using multivariable logistic regression. The study is non-interventional, anonymous, and carries minimal risk; no clinical procedures or biological sampling are involved.",[98,99,100],"Decompression Sickness","Barotrauma","Recreational Diving",[102,103,104,105,106,55,107,108],"scuba diving","freediving","VO2max","diving safety","adverse events","diving safety research","physical fitness","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-10-01",{"date":112,"type":113},"2026-10-02","ACTUAL",{"date":110,"type":94},{"date":116,"type":94},"2027-10-31",{"name":5,"class":6},2]