[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100648951":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":29,"detailedDescription":37,"studyPopulation":28,"armGroups":38,"interventions":51,"overallOfficials":28,"centralContacts":67,"locations":73,"responsibleParty":92,"collaborators":28,"id":95,"slug":96,"hasResults":97,"nctId":98,"briefTitle":99,"officialTitle":100,"acronym":28,"eligibilityCriteria":101,"healthyVolunteers":97,"sex":102,"minAge":103,"maxAge":104,"enrollmentInfo":105,"targetDuration":28,"studyType":108,"phases":109,"briefSummary":111,"conditions":112,"keywords":116,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":28,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":123,"startDateStruct":126,"completionDateStruct":128,"leadSponsor":130,"locationsCount":131},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Gadjah Mada University","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":28},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance)","The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is calculated as fasting insulin (µU\u002FmL) × fasting glucose (mmol\u002FL) \u002F 22.5. Higher values indicate greater insulin resistance.","Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission",[14,18,21,24],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":17},"Blood Glucose Level","Blood glucose measured from central venous samples to assess changes in glucose metabolism during and after cardiac surgery.","Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission",{"measure":19,"description":20,"timeFrame":17},"Serum Insulin Concentration","Serum insulin level measured from central venous blood samples to characterize perioperative insulin changes. Higher values indicate higher circulating insulin.",{"measure":22,"description":23,"timeFrame":17},"Exogenous Insulin Dose","Total daily dose of exogenous insulin (basal and\u002For bolus) required to achieve glycemic control will be recorded, expressed in units per day (U\u002Fday) or units per kilogram body weight per day (U\u002Fkg\u002Fday). Change in insulin dose from baseline will be used to reflect changes in insulin requirement\u002Fsensitivity.",{"measure":25,"description":26,"timeFrame":27},"Glycemic Variability","Glycemic variability is defined as the fluctuation of blood glucose levels during the perioperative period, calculated from serial blood glucose measurements. Variability will be expressed as the standard deviation (SD) and\u002For coefficient of variation (%CV) of serial glucose values (numeric\u002Fcontinuous scale). Higher SD\u002FCV values indicate greater glycemic fluctuation during the perioperative period.","Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 Hours ICU Admission",null,{"allocation":30,"interventionModel":31,"interventionModelDescription":28,"primaryPurpose":32,"observationalModel":28,"timePerspective":28,"maskingInfo":33},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","SUPPORTIVE_CARE",{"masking":34,"maskingDescription":28,"whoMasked":35},"SINGLE",[36],"PARTICIPANT","This study is a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of pediatric patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from April to August 2026. The study sample consisted of pediatric patients aged 2-16 years with an ASA physical status of 2 or 3 who had good tolerance for enteral fluid administration. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1. Intervention Group (Carbohydrate Loading): 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of a maltodextrin-based carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia; 2. Control Group (Placebo Loading): 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of plain water 2 hours before anesthesia. All patients will follow standard preoperative fasting guidelines. Blood samples for glucose and insulin testing will be collected immediately after induction (baseline), at 0 hours of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and at 24 hours of ICU admission. The primary outcome is the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes include blood glucose levels, serum insulin concentration, exogenous insulin dose, and glycemic variability.\n\nAll study participants will undergo preoperative assessment, followed by a carbohydrate-loading protocol, and assessment of blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, exogenous insulin administration, and intraoperative and postoperative glycemic variability. Numerical data will be presented as means and standard deviations. Categorical data will be presented as counts and percentages. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test will be applied to all numerical data. Subject characteristics between the two groups will be compared using the Chi-square test for categorical data and the t-test (for normally distributed data) or the Mann-Whitney test (for non-normally distributed data) for numerical data. Pre- and postoperative HOMA-IR values will be compared using a paired t-test if the data are normally distributed, or a two-way ANCOVA (univariate GLM) if they are not. A p-value \\\u003C 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.",[39,45],{"label":40,"type":41,"description":42,"interventionNames":43},"Carbohydrate Loading (CL)","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants receive 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of a carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia induction.",[44],"Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate",{"label":46,"type":47,"description":48,"interventionNames":49},"Placebo Loading (PL)","PLACEBO_COMPARATOR","Participants receive 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of plain water 2 hours before surgery, following the same timing and fasting protocol as the experimental group",[50],"Other: placebo solution",[52,60],{"type":53,"name":54,"description":55,"armGroupLabels":56,"otherNames":57},"DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT","Carbohydrate","Participants receive 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of a carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia induction. The drink is used to lower insulin resistance and improve perioperative recovery.",[40],[58,59],"preoperative carbohydrate loading drink","Oral carbohydrate drink",{"type":6,"name":61,"description":62,"armGroupLabels":63,"otherNames":64},"placebo solution","Participants receive 3 mL\u002Fkg body weight of plain water 2 hours before surgery, following the same timing and fasting protocol as the experimental group.",[46],[65,66],"Clear water placebo","Plain water",[68],{"name":69,"role":70,"phone":71,"phoneExt":28,"email":72},"Rifdhani Fakhrudin Nur","CONTACT","+6281390051037","rifdhani@mail.ugm.ac.id",[74],{"facility":75,"status":28,"city":76,"state":77,"zip":78,"country":79,"countryCode":80,"cosmosGeoPoint":81,"geoPoint":86,"contacts":87},"RSUP Dr. Sardjito","Sleman","D.I. Yogyakarta","55281","Indonesia","ID",{"type":82,"coordinates":83},"Point",[84,85],110.35556,-7.71556,{"lat":85,"lon":84},[88],{"name":89,"role":70,"phone":90,"phoneExt":28,"email":91},"Instalasi Diklat RSUP Dr. Sardjito","+628112910226","diklat@sardjitohospital.co.id",{"type":93,"investigatorFullName":69,"investigatorTitle":94,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":28,"oldOrganization":28},"SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR","Principal Investigator","100648951","impact-of-preoperative-oral-carbohydrate-loading-on-insulin-resistance-in-pediatric-cardiac-surgery-patients-100648951",false,"NCT07729280","Impact of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients","The Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 2-16 years.\n* ASA physical status 2 or 3\n* Good tolerance of enteral feeding\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of type 1 diabetes mellitus.\n* History of thyroid insufficiency treated with thyroid medication.\n* History of adrenal insufficiency treated with corticosteroids.\n* History of gastroesophageal reflux disease.\n* Patients receiving preoperative parenteral nutrition.\n* Emergency or urgent cardiac surgery.","ALL","2 Years","16 Years",{"count":106,"type":107},44,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[110],"NA","Surgical stress and preoperative fasting can induce insulin resistance, characterized by impaired cellular response to insulin and resulting hyperglycemia. In pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery, this metabolic stress response may negatively affect postoperative recovery. Although preoperative oral carbohydrate loading, defined as administering a carbohydrate-rich beverage before surgery rather than prolonged fasting, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing postoperative insulin resistance in adults, evidence supporting its use in pediatric cardiac surgery remains limited.\n\nThis randomized controlled trial aims to determine whether preoperative oral carbohydrate loading reduces perioperative insulin resistance, as measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study will compare outcomes between children who receive an oral carbohydrate beverage prior to surgery and those who follow standard preoperative fasting protocols.",[113,114,115],"Cardiac Surgery","Insulin Resistance","Pediatric Cardiac Surgery",[117,118,119,120],"Cardiac surgery","Carbohydrate loading","Insulin resistance","Glycemic variability","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-24",{"date":124,"type":125},"2026-07-27","ACTUAL",{"date":127,"type":107},"2026-08-25",{"date":129,"type":107},"2026-11-01",{"name":69,"class":6},1]