[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100659315":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":26,"detailedDescription":35,"studyPopulation":25,"armGroups":36,"interventions":49,"overallOfficials":25,"centralContacts":58,"locations":25,"responsibleParty":64,"collaborators":25,"id":68,"slug":69,"hasResults":70,"nctId":71,"briefTitle":72,"officialTitle":73,"acronym":74,"eligibilityCriteria":75,"healthyVolunteers":76,"sex":77,"minAge":78,"maxAge":79,"enrollmentInfo":80,"targetDuration":25,"studyType":83,"phases":84,"briefSummary":86,"conditions":87,"keywords":92,"overallStatus":98,"whyStopped":25,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":99,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":103,"completionDateStruct":105,"leadSponsor":107,"locationsCount":25},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Çankırı Karatekin University","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":17,"otherOutcomes":25},[9,13],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"Infection control knowledge score immediately after education","Infection control knowledge will be assessed using a researcher-developed, 20-item multiple-choice test with five response options per item. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups. Immediate post-education scores will be compared between groups, accounting for baseline knowledge scores.","Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.",{"measure":14,"description":15,"timeFrame":16},"Infection control knowledge retention at four weeks","Knowledge retention will be assessed using the same researcher-developed, 20-item, five-option multiple-choice Infection Control Knowledge Test administered at baseline and immediately after education. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater retained knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups without access to educational materials or feedback.","Four weeks after completion of the educational intervention (day 28, plus or minus 2 days).",[18,21],{"measure":19,"description":20,"timeFrame":12},"Metaverse perception scale scores","Metaverse perceptions will be assessed using the 24-item Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students developed by Ozturk Yildirim and Karaman (2024). Items are rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The scale includes Education, Technology, Difficulties, and Lifestyle subscales. Overall and subscale mean scores range from 1 to 5. Difficulties items are reverse-coded when calculating that subscale, but not when calculating the overall mean. Higher Education, Technology, and Lifestyle scores indicate greater endorsement of those dimensions; higher reverse-coded Difficulties scores indicate fewer perceived difficulties. The overall score reflects mixed dimensions rather than uniformly positive perceptions. Paper forms will be used in both groups.",{"measure":22,"description":23,"timeFrame":24},"Student satisfaction with learning","Student satisfaction will be assessed using the five-item Student Satisfaction subscale of the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale, developed by the National League for Nursing and adapted into Turkish by Karacay and Kaya (2017). Each item is rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Subscale sum scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the educational experience. The questionnaire will be administered on paper in both groups. Only the satisfaction subscale score will be used for this outcome.","Day 1: immediately after completion of the educational session and structured debriefing.",null,{"allocation":27,"interventionModel":28,"interventionModelDescription":29,"primaryPurpose":6,"observationalModel":25,"timePerspective":25,"maskingInfo":30},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial comparing the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) with a physical room of errors. Each participant will receive only the assigned educational intervention during the study. Both groups will complete baseline, immediate post-education, and four-week follow-up assessments.",{"masking":31,"maskingDescription":32,"whoMasked":33},"SINGLE","The assessor scoring the paper-based knowledge tests and questionnaires will be blinded to group allocation. Assessment forms will carry participant codes without identifying the assigned intervention, and the assessor will not have access to the allocation list. Participants and the researcher delivering the educational interventions cannot be blinded because of the different learning environments.",[34],"OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR","Program development: The metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) was designed by the researcher using the browser-based Frame platform. Its learning objectives are to help nursing students distinguish appropriate from inappropriate infection control practices, explain their observations, and select appropriate care decisions. The environment contains a three-dimensional patient room with patient and nurse models, a bed, care materials, and clinical equipment. The scenario concerns a patient with an infected sacral pressure injury, a wound culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and contact precautions. A peripheral intravenous catheter and an indwelling urinary catheter are included in the scenario. The room contains both deliberately inappropriate practices and situations that should not be classified as errors without considering their context. Students are encouraged to base their judgments on the patient scenario and observable findings rather than assume that every object represents an error. Before implementation, experts in nursing fundamentals and infection control will review the scenario, represented practices, learning questions, and feedback for accuracy and alignment with the learning objectives. A pilot study with students who will not participate in the main trial will assess clarity of instructions, navigation, visibility of objects, functionality of links, usability, and completion time. The findings will guide revisions and determination of the standardized activity duration.\n\nEducational approach and comparison: The study is designed to compare two ways of delivering the same room-of-errors learning activity. The physical comparison environment will reproduce the scenario and relevant infection control situations using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Learning objectives, scenario information, response prompts, feedback content, and planned activity duration will be matched across the two groups. Participants will receive an orientation appropriate to their assigned environment.",[37,43],{"label":38,"type":39,"description":40,"interventionNames":41},"META-ICR group","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants will complete the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) using a computer and mouse on the Frame platform in a supervised university laboratory. They will explore the virtual patient room through an avatar, examine infection control situations, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through a web-based interface. Feedback will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing.",[42],"Other: Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR)",{"label":44,"type":45,"description":46,"interventionNames":47},"Physical Room of Errors Group","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Participants will complete an infection control room of errors activity in a supervised physical university laboratory using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. The patient scenario, infection control situations, learning objectives, and planned activity duration will match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR). Participants will record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards with the same educational content will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing.",[48],"Other: Physical Infection Control Room of Errors Education",[50,54],{"type":6,"name":51,"description":52,"armGroupLabels":53,"otherNames":25},"Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR)","A researcher-developed educational program delivered through the Frame platform using a computer and mouse. Following an orientation, students individually explore an avatar-based virtual patient room, examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through linked web forms. Feedback is provided after responses. The activity is followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The program is delivered under supervision in a university laboratory.",[38],{"type":6,"name":55,"description":56,"armGroupLabels":57,"otherNames":25},"Physical Infection Control Room of Errors Education","An educational activity conducted in a supervised university laboratory arranged as a physical patient room using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Following an orientation, students individually examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards are provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The patient scenario, learning objectives, infection control situations, feedback content, and planned activity duration match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR).",[44],[59],{"name":60,"role":61,"phone":62,"phoneExt":25,"email":63},"GÖZDE ÖZARAS ÖZ, PhD","CONTACT","05323495280","gozdeozarasoz@gmail.com.tr",{"type":65,"investigatorFullName":66,"investigatorTitle":67,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":25,"oldOrganization":25},"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","Gözde ÖZARAS ÖZ","Principal Investigator","100659315","metaverse-based-versus-physical-infection-control-room-of-errors-in-nursing-students-100659315",false,"NCT07862179","Metaverse-based Versus Physical Infection Control Room of Errors in Nursing Students.","Development of the Metaverse-based Infection Control Room of Errors Education Program (META-ICR) and Comparison With a Physical Room of Errors: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Nursing Students' Infection Control Knowledge, Metaverse Perceptions, and Satisfaction.","META-ICR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Enrolled as a first-year undergraduate nursing student at Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, during the 2026-2027 academic year.\n* Willing to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participation in the pilot testing of the META-EKO educational program.",true,"ALL","18 Years","24 Years",{"count":81,"type":82},110,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[85],"NA","This study will develop and evaluate a metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) for nursing students. A metaverse is an interactive, three-dimensional online environment. In META-ICR, students use a computer and mouse to explore a virtual patient room through an avatar. The study will compare this program with a physical patient room arranged with the same infection control situations. The study will include approximately 110 first-year nursing students at Çankırı Karatekin University in Türkiye. Students will be assigned by chance to either the META-ICR group or the physical room of errors group. Both groups will examine the same patient scenario and identify appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices. Topics will include hand hygiene, protective equipment, isolation precautions, handling of clean and contaminated materials, waste and linen management, and urinary drainage systems. Students in the META-ICR group will record their observations and care decisions through a web-based interface. Students in the physical room group will use paper forms. Both groups will receive feedback with the same educational content and participate in a 15-minute guided discussion after the activity. Activities will take place under similar supervision in university laboratory settings. The study will compare infection control knowledge, perceptions of the metaverse, and satisfaction with learning between the groups. Knowledge will be assessed before education, immediately after the educational session and guided discussion, and four weeks later to assess retention. Metaverse perceptions will be assessed before and immediately after education. Learning satisfaction will be assessed after education. All research questionnaires and knowledge tests will be completed on paper in both groups. The findings will help determine how an interactive virtual room compares with a physical room of errors for teaching infection control to nursing students.",[88,89,90,91],"Metaverse","Student Satisfaction","Infection Control","Nursing Education",[93,94,95,96,97],"nursing students","infection control","Metaverse-Based Application","metaverse","rrom of errors","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-10-06",{"date":101,"type":102},"2026-10-08","ACTUAL",{"date":104,"type":82},"2026-12-18",{"date":106,"type":82},"2027-01-22",{"name":5,"class":6}]