[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100658618":3},{"organization":4,"outcomesModule":7,"designInfo":27,"detailedDescription":36,"studyPopulation":26,"armGroups":37,"interventions":51,"overallOfficials":26,"centralContacts":26,"locations":65,"responsibleParty":84,"collaborators":26,"id":88,"slug":89,"hasResults":90,"nctId":91,"briefTitle":92,"officialTitle":93,"acronym":26,"eligibilityCriteria":94,"healthyVolunteers":90,"sex":95,"minAge":96,"maxAge":97,"enrollmentInfo":98,"targetDuration":26,"studyType":101,"phases":102,"briefSummary":104,"conditions":105,"keywords":107,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":26,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":110,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":111,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":116,"leadSponsor":118,"locationsCount":119},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Istanbul Medipol University Hospital","OTHER",{"primaryOutcomes":8,"secondaryOutcomes":13,"otherOutcomes":26},[9],{"measure":10,"description":11,"timeFrame":12},"International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) Total Score","Urinary incontinence severity will be assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF). The questionnaire assesses the frequency and amount of urinary leakage and its impact on everyday life over the previous four weeks. The total score is calculated by summing three scored items and ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater urinary incontinence severity.","Baseline (before the first treatment session) and at the end of the 12-week intervention.",[14,17,20,23],{"measure":15,"description":16,"timeFrame":12},"Mean Daily Stress Urinary Leakage Episodes","The mean number of stress urinary leakage episodes per day will be calculated using a bladder diary completed over three consecutive days before each assessment. Participants will record leakage associated with coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, or physical exertion. The total number of stress urinary leakage episodes recorded over three days will be divided by three. Results will be expressed as episodes per day, with higher values indicating more frequent leakage.",{"measure":18,"description":19,"timeFrame":12},"Urinary Loss Measured by the 24-Hour Pad Test","Urinary loss will be measured using a 24-hour pad test. Pads will be weighed before and after use using a calibrated scale, and the same pad type will be used at both assessments. The differences between used and dry pad weights will be summed to calculate total urinary loss over 24 hours. Results will be expressed in grams per 24 hours, with higher values indicating greater urinary loss.",{"measure":21,"description":22,"timeFrame":12},"Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL) Total Score","Incontinence-related quality of life will be assessed using the 22-item Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL). The questionnaire covers avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, and social embarrassment. The total score will be transformed to a scale ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better incontinence-related quality of life.",{"measure":24,"description":25,"timeFrame":12},"Mean Pelvic Floor Muscle Electrical Activity During Voluntary Contractions","Pelvic floor muscle electrical activity will be assessed using intravaginal surface electromyography. Following a 60-second resting recording, participants will perform three maximal voluntary contractions lasting 10 seconds each, separated by 20-second rest intervals. The mean electrical activity during each contraction will be calculated, and the average of the three contraction values will be reported in microvolts. Assessments will be performed with an empty bladder in a supine position with the knees flexed, using standardized probe placement and device settings.",null,{"allocation":28,"interventionModel":29,"interventionModelDescription":30,"primaryPurpose":31,"observationalModel":26,"timePerspective":26,"maskingInfo":32},"RANDOMIZED","PARALLEL","This two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial will allocate 60 participants in a 1:1 ratio (30 per group) to pelvic floor muscle training preceded by either pelvic-floor-specific kinesthetic motor imagery or kinesthetic imagery of making and opening a fist with the dominant hand. Both groups will receive the same supervised pelvic floor muscle training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and at the end of week 12.","TREATMENT",{"masking":33,"maskingDescription":26,"whoMasked":34},"SINGLE",[35],"OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR","This randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled trial will investigate the added effect of pelvic-floor-specific kinesthetic motor imagery when combined with pelvic floor muscle training. Kinesthetic motor imagery focuses on imagining the bodily sensation of a movement.\n\nParticipants will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio using computer-generated block randomization, with allocation concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. The outcome assessor will remain blinded to group allocation.\n\nIn the experimental group, participants will imagine the sensation of closing, squeezing, and lifting the pelvic floor muscles, followed by relaxation, immediately before performing the corresponding physical contractions. In the active comparator group, participants will perform kinesthetic imagery of making and opening a fist with the dominant hand before completing the same pelvic floor exercises. Imagery duration, physical exercise dose, and therapist contact will be matched between groups to examine the contribution of imagery specifically directed at the pelvic floor.\n\nThe intervention will comprise 24 supervised sessions on nonconsecutive days, each lasting approximately 30 minutes. No additional home exercise program will be prescribed.\n\nThe primary outcome will be the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form total score. Secondary outcomes will include mean daily stress urinary leakage episodes recorded in a three-day diary, urinary loss measured by a 24-hour pad test, the Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire total score, and pelvic floor muscle electrical activity measured using intravaginal surface electromyography. Electromyography will be used for assessment only.\n\nBaseline and week-12 measurements will be analyzed to compare changes over time between groups, including the group-by-time interaction.",[38,45],{"label":39,"type":40,"description":41,"interventionNames":42},"Pelvic Floor Motor Imagery + Pelvic Floor Muscle Training","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants will receive pelvic-floor-specific kinesthetic motor imagery combined with supervised pelvic floor muscle training. Immediately before each physical pelvic floor contraction, participants will imagine the sensation of closing, squeezing, and lifting the pelvic floor muscles, followed by relaxation, without physically contracting during imagery. The program will include 24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks, delivered twice weekly on nonconsecutive days, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.",[43,44],"Behavioral: Pelvic Floor Muscle Training","Behavioral: Pelvic-Floor-Specific Kinesthetic Motor Imagery",{"label":46,"type":47,"description":48,"interventionNames":49},"Hand Motor Imagery + Pelvic Floor Muscle Training","ACTIVE_COMPARATOR","Participants will perform kinesthetic motor imagery of making and opening a fist with the dominant hand, without actual hand movement, immediately before each physical pelvic floor contraction. They will receive the same supervised pelvic floor muscle training as the experimental group. Imagery duration, physical exercise dose, and therapist contact will be matched between groups. The program will include 24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks, delivered twice weekly on nonconsecutive days, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.",[43,50],"Behavioral: Dominant-Hand Kinesthetic Motor Imagery",[52,57,61],{"type":53,"name":54,"description":55,"armGroupLabels":56,"otherNames":26},"BEHAVIORAL","Pelvic Floor Muscle Training","Both groups will receive the same progressive, supervised pelvic floor muscle training program, including slow and fast contractions, graded contractions, and pre-contraction before coughing or physical effort (the Knack). Training will progress across three four-week phases, with increasing contraction demands and progression toward standing and functional activities. The program will be delivered as part of 24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks, twice weekly on nonconsecutive days. Each session, including the assigned motor imagery component, will last approximately 30 minutes. No additional home exercise program will be prescribed.",[46,39],{"type":53,"name":58,"description":59,"armGroupLabels":60,"otherNames":26},"Pelvic-Floor-Specific Kinesthetic Motor Imagery","Participants will mentally rehearse the sensation of closing, squeezing, and lifting the pelvic floor muscles around the urethra and vagina, followed by relaxation, without physically contracting during imagery. Kinesthetic imagery will be performed immediately before each corresponding physical pelvic floor contraction. This component will be integrated into all 24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks. Imagery duration and therapist contact will be matched to the dominant-hand imagery condition.",[39],{"type":53,"name":62,"description":63,"armGroupLabels":64,"otherNames":26},"Dominant-Hand Kinesthetic Motor Imagery","Participants will mentally rehearse the sensation of making and opening a fist with their dominant hand, without actual hand movement. This imagery will be performed immediately before each physical pelvic floor contraction and will be integrated into all 24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks. Imagery duration and therapist contact will be matched to the pelvic-floor-specific imagery condition. Participants will receive the same physical pelvic floor muscle training program as the experimental group.",[46],[66],{"facility":67,"status":68,"city":69,"state":69,"zip":70,"country":71,"countryCode":26,"cosmosGeoPoint":72,"geoPoint":77,"contacts":78},"Istanbul Medipol University","RECRUITING","Istanbul","34815","Turkey (Türkiye)",{"type":73,"coordinates":74},"Point",[75,76],28.94966,41.01384,{"lat":76,"lon":75},[79],{"name":80,"role":81,"phone":82,"phoneExt":26,"email":83},"Gizem Boztaş Elverişli, Assistant Professor","CONTACT","05439076494","gboztas@medipol.edu.tr",{"type":85,"investigatorFullName":86,"investigatorTitle":87,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":26,"oldOrganization":26},"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","gizem boztas","Assistant professor","100658618","motor-imagery-assisted-pelvic-floor-muscle-training-for-stress-urinary-incontinence-in-postmenopausal-women-100658618",false,"NCT07853755","Motor Imagery-Assisted Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women","Effectiveness of Kinesthetic Motor Imagery-Assisted Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Postmenopausal Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women aged 45 to 60 years.\n* Natural postmenopause, defined as the absence of menstruation for at least 12 consecutive months without a pathological, pharmacological, or surgical cause.\n* Physician-diagnosed stress urinary incontinence.\n* Sufficient cognitive and communication abilities to understand instructions in Turkish and complete the questionnaires and a three-day bladder\u002Fleakage diary.\n* A score of at least 30 on each of the visual and kinesthetic imagery subscales of the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20), assessed before randomization.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Urgency, mixed, overflow, or neurogenic urinary incontinence.\n* Stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system.\n* Inability to correctly and voluntarily contract the pelvic floor muscles.\n* Active urinary tract or vaginal infection, unexplained hematuria, or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.\n* Severe vaginal atrophy, vaginismus, genital lesions, or pelvic pain that prevents intravaginal assessment.\n* Previous surgery for stress urinary incontinence or previous pelvic radiotherapy.\n* Pelvic floor rehabilitation for urinary incontinence within the previous 12 months.\n* Neurological or cognitive disorders, or uncontrolled psychiatric illness, that could affect pelvic floor control, continence, or motor imagery ability.\n* Serious or uncontrolled systemic or musculoskeletal conditions that prevent safe participation in the exercise program.\n* Changes in hormone therapy within the previous six months or changes in medications affecting urinary system function within the previous three months.","FEMALE","45 Years","65 Years",{"count":99,"type":100},60,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[103],"NA","This study will evaluate whether adding mental rehearsal of pelvic floor muscle contractions to pelvic floor muscle training improves stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. Stress urinary incontinence is urine leakage during activities such as coughing, sneezing, or physical exertion. Mental rehearsal involves imagining the sensation of a movement without physically performing it.\n\nThe study will include 60 women aged 45 to 65 years who have completed natural menopause and have stress urinary incontinence. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups will receive the same supervised pelvic floor muscle training twice a week for 12 weeks. Before performing the pelvic floor exercises, one group will imagine contracting and relaxing the pelvic floor muscles. The other group will imagine making and opening a fist with their dominant hand.\n\nAssessments will take place before treatment and at the end of 12 weeks. The main outcome will be urinary incontinence symptom severity. Additional assessments will examine urine leakage frequency and amount, incontinence-related quality of life, and pelvic floor muscle electrical activity.",[106],"Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)",[108,109,54],"Postmenopause","Kinesthetic Motor Imagery","2026-10-05",{"date":112,"type":113},"2026-10-08","ACTUAL",{"date":115,"type":113},"2026-09-28",{"date":117,"type":100},"2027-01-05",{"name":5,"class":6},1]