[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-study-detail:100645482":3},{"organization":4,"armGroups":7,"interventions":24,"overallOfficials":23,"centralContacts":23,"locations":23,"responsibleParty":36,"collaborators":23,"id":40,"slug":41,"hasResults":42,"nctId":43,"briefTitle":44,"officialTitle":45,"acronym":46,"eligibilityCriteria":47,"healthyVolunteers":42,"sex":48,"minAge":49,"maxAge":50,"enrollmentInfo":51,"targetDuration":23,"studyType":54,"phases":55,"briefSummary":57,"conditions":58,"keywords":62,"overallStatus":65,"whyStopped":23,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":66,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":67,"startDateStruct":70,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":23},{"fullName":5,"class":6},"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","OTHER",[8,14,19],{"label":9,"type":10,"description":11,"interventionNames":12},"Virtual Reality","EXPERIMENTAL","Participants receive a 30-minute virtual reality intervention using a head-mounted display with calming audiovisual content in addition to routine postoperative care following cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.",[13],"Device: Virtual Reality",{"label":15,"type":10,"description":16,"interventionNames":17},"Cryotherapy","Participants receive cryotherapy using cold gel packs (10-15°C) applied over or near the cesarean incision area for 15 minutes with a protective barrier, in addition to routine postoperative care.",[18],"Other: Cryotherapy",{"label":20,"type":21,"description":22,"interventionNames":23},"Routine Care Control","NO_INTERVENTION","Participants receive routine postoperative care according to the hospital protocol without virtual reality or cryotherapy during the study assessment period.",null,[25,31],{"type":26,"name":9,"description":27,"armGroupLabels":28,"otherNames":29},"DEVICE","Participants receive a 30-minute immersive virtual reality session using a head-mounted display with calming, non-violent audiovisual content during the early postoperative period after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The intervention is administered according to a standardized protocol.",[9],[30],"Head-Mounted Display (HMD)",{"type":6,"name":15,"description":32,"armGroupLabels":33,"otherNames":34},"Participants receive localized cryotherapy using cold gel packs maintained at approximately 10-15°C and applied over or near the cesarean incision area for 15 minutes with a protective barrier between the cold pack and the skin. Skin integrity is monitored before and after treatment.",[15],[35],"Cold Gel Pack",{"type":37,"investigatorFullName":38,"investigatorTitle":39,"investigatorAffiliation":5,"oldNameTitle":23,"oldOrganization":23},"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","Zaid Ali Jebur","Master's Student","100645482","virtual-reality-and-cryotherapy-for-postoperative-pain-and-anxiety-after-cesarean-section-100645482",false,"NCT07696949","Virtual Reality and Cryotherapy for Postoperative Pain and Anxiety After Cesarean Section","Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Cryotherapy on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety Among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Three-Arm Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial","VRCSTrail","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nFemale participants aged 18 to 45 years. Undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Hemodynamically stable after surgery. Able to understand Arabic. Conscious, oriented, and able to complete study questionnaires. Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nUndergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. Severe postoperative complications requiring intensive care. Severe visual or hearing impairment preventing virtual reality use. History of epilepsy or seizure disorder. Severe motion sickness or vestibular disorders. Known psychiatric illness interfering with outcome assessment. Cognitive impairment preventing completion of questionnaires. Skin disease, wound complications, cold hypersensitivity, Raynaud's phenomenon, or allergy\u002Fintolerance to cryotherapy.\n\nSevere intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Refusal to participate or withdrawal of informed consent.","FEMALE","18 Years","45 Years",{"count":52,"type":53},120,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[56],"NA","This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality and cryotherapy, used separately and in combination, in reducing postoperative pain and anxiety among women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group according to the study design. Postoperative pain and anxiety will be assessed using validated measurement tools at predetermined time points after surgery. The findings of this study may provide evidence for safe, non-pharmacological interventions to improve postoperative recovery and patient comfort following cesarean section.",[59,60,61],"Postoperative Pain","Anxiety","Cesarean Section Complications",[9,15,63,64],"Spinal Anesthesia","Postoperative Pain and Anxiety","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-11",{"date":68,"type":69},"2026-07-14","ACTUAL",{"date":71,"type":53},"2026-07-12",{"date":73,"type":53},"2026-10-12",{"name":5,"class":6}]