[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":670},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,82,0,25,[9,46,75,109,141,177,197,228,257,277,305,330,354,376,402,429,452,477,505,530,548,576,599,621,646],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":16,"eligibilityCriteria":17,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":20,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":34,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":35,"startDateStruct":38,"completionDateStruct":40,"leadSponsor":42,"locationsCount":45},"100652642","carotid-doppler-changes-after-passive-leg-raising-for-prediction-of-post-induction-hypotension-in-gastrointestinal-tumor-surgery-100652642",false,"NCT07777159","Carotid Doppler Changes After Passive Leg Raising for Prediction of Post-Induction Hypotension in Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery","Dynamic Changes in Carotid Artery Doppler Parameters Following Passive Leg Raising for Prediction of Post-Induction Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Elective Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery","PLR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 years or older\n* Patients scheduled for elective gastrointestinal tumor surgery\n* Surgery planned under general anesthesia\n* Body mass index (BMI) \\\u003C40 kg\u002Fm²\n* Written informed consent provided\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to participate or inability to obtain written informed consent\n* BMI ≥40 kg\u002Fm²\n* Pregnancy\n* Emergency surgery\n* Difficult intubation\n* ASA physical status ≥IV\n* Pediatric patients (\\\u003C18 years)\n* Inability to perform carotid Doppler measurements\n* Arrhythmia other than continuous sinus rhythm or uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia\n* Severe cardiac dysfunction or left ventricular ejection fraction \\\u003C40%\n* Severe valvular heart disease\n* Clinically significant autonomic nervous system disorders\n* Inadequate noninvasive blood pressure monitoring or inability to obtain the required hemodynamic measurements\n* Active sepsis or systemic inflammatory syndrome\n* Severe peripheral vascular disease or significant carotid artery stenosis (\\>50%)\n* Severe pulmonary disease or advanced respiratory failure\n* Implanted cardiac device (pacemaker\u002FICD)\n* Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) \\\u003C65 mmHg\n* Preoperative systolic blood pressure \\>190 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \\>110 mmHg","ALL","18 Years",{"count":21,"type":22},99,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","This prospective study aims to investigate the role of the passive leg raise maneuver prior to anesthesia induction in predicting post-induction hypotension among elective gastrointestinal tumor surgery patients using carotid artery Doppler parameters.",[26,27],"Post-induction Hypotension (PIH)","Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery",[29,30,31,32],"Carotid Doppler","Passive Leg Raise","Post-induction Hypotension","Anesthesia İnduction","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-17",{"date":36,"type":37},"2026-08-20","ACTUAL",{"date":39,"type":22},"2026-09-01",{"date":41,"type":22},"2026-12",{"name":43,"class":44},"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent","OTHER",1,{"id":47,"slug":48,"hasResults":12,"nctId":49,"briefTitle":50,"officialTitle":51,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":52,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":53,"enrollmentInfo":54,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":57,"briefSummary":59,"conditions":60,"keywords":63,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":67,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":68,"startDateStruct":70,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":45},"100647372","virtual-reality-in-ingrown-toenail-surgery-100647372","NCT07707726","Virtual Reality in Ingrown Toenail Surgery","The Effect of Virtual Reality Headset Use on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ingrown Toenail Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18-65 years.\n* Patients presenting to the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital with ingrown toenails who are scheduled for surgical treatment based on the severity and recurrence of the condition.\n* Ability to provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to read, understand, or sign the informed consent form.\n* Active infection, including infection at the surgical site.\n* History of epilepsy or seizures of any etiology\n* Hearing impairment or requirement for a hearing aid that would interfere with the VR intervention or study instructions. 6. Presence of a cardiac pacemaker or any implanted medical device.\n* History of neurological disorders (e.g., migraine).\n* Inability to understand or speak Turkish.\n* Active psychiatric disorder, use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medication that may influence anxiety assessment, panic disorder, or claustrophobia.\n* Visual impairment preventing the use of the VR device.\n* Cardiac or metabolic disorders that may affect heart rate.\n* History of vertigo.\n* Cervical spine disorders involving the head or neck region.\n* Known anemia, history of methemoglobinemia, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.\n* Known allergy to local anesthetics.\n* Previous ingrown toenail surgery.","65 Years",{"count":55,"type":22},66,"INTERVENTIONAL",[58],"NA","Ingrown toenail is a common condition that may cause significant pain, functional impairment, and recurrent disease. Although conservative management is appropriate for mild cases, moderate-to-severe or recurrent ingrown toenails are commonly treated surgically under local anesthesia. However, pain associated with the digital nerve block and procedure-related anxiety may negatively affect the patient experience. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for reducing pain and anxiety during a variety of medical procedures by providing an immersive distraction. Nevertheless, evidence regarding its use during ingrown toenail surgery remains limited. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of VR on procedure-related pain intensity and anxiety in adults undergoing outpatient ingrown toenail surgery under local anesthesia compared with standard care. Secondary objectives include assessing the effects of VR on physiological arousal parameters, patient satisfaction, and safety.",[61,62],"Ingrown Toenail","Virtual Reality",[64,65,66],"ingrown toenail","anxiety","pain","2026-07-13",{"date":69,"type":37},"2026-07-16",{"date":71,"type":22},"2026-07-20",{"date":73,"type":22},"2026-12-01",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":76,"slug":77,"hasResults":12,"nctId":78,"briefTitle":79,"officialTitle":80,"acronym":81,"eligibilityCriteria":82,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":84,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":86,"briefSummary":87,"conditions":88,"keywords":93,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":101,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":102,"startDateStruct":104,"completionDateStruct":106,"leadSponsor":108,"locationsCount":45},"100631498","ventilation-safety-in-beach-chair-shoulder-surgery-safelm-versus-i-gel-100631498","NCT07501468","Ventilation Safety in Beach Chair Shoulder Surgery: SafeLM Versus I-gel","Comparison of SafeLM™ Video Laryngeal Mask and I-gel® for Ventilation Safety After Transition to Beach Chair Position in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study","SAFE-BCP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18-80 years\n* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III\n* Scheduled for elective shoulder surgery\n* Body mass index (BMI) between 18-40 kg\u002Fm\\^2\n* Adequate preoperative fasting (approximately 8 hours)\n* Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C18 or \\>80 years\n* Refusal to participate\n* ASA physical status \\>= IV\n* BMI \\>40 kg\u002Fm\\^2\n* Failure of supraglottic airway device placement after three attempts\n* Revision surgery\n* Multiple trauma\n* Maxillofacial fracture\n* Active malignancy receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy\n* Active infection or ongoing antibiotic therapy (except prophylaxis)\n* Chronic steroid or immunosuppressive therapy\n* Full stomach\n* Gastroesophageal reflux disease\n* History of gastric surgery\n* Gastroparesis\n* Known egg allergy","80 Years",{"count":85,"type":22},70,[58],"This study aims to compare the performance of SafeLM™ video laryngeal mask airway and i-gel® supraglottic airway device in patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the beach chair position under general anesthesia. The primary objective is to evaluate oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) within the first 10 minutes after transition to the beach chair position. Secondary objectives include assessment of ventilation safety, need for airway interventions, and postoperative airway-related complications. This prospective randomized study will provide data on the effectiveness and safety of a video-guided supraglottic airway device compared to a conventional device in a clinically challenging position.",[89,90,91,92],"Airway Management","Shoulder Surgery","General Anesthetic","Supraglottic Airway",[94,95,96,97,98,99],"Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure","SafeLM","i-gel","Ventilation Safety","Beach Chair Position","Video Laryngeal Mask Airway","RECRUITING","2026-07-11",{"date":103,"type":37},"2026-07-14",{"date":105,"type":37},"2026-04-15",{"date":107,"type":22},"2026-09-15",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":110,"slug":111,"hasResults":12,"nctId":112,"briefTitle":113,"officialTitle":114,"acronym":115,"eligibilityCriteria":116,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":117,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":119,"conditions":120,"keywords":124,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":134,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":135,"startDateStruct":136,"completionDateStruct":138,"leadSponsor":140,"locationsCount":45},"100645578","frailty-and-ultrasound-guided-central-venous-catheterization-difficulty-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-patients-100645578","NCT07701538","Frailty and Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheterization Difficulty in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients","Association Between Frailty and Central Venous Catheterization Difficulty in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Ultrasound-Based Observational Study","FRAILCVC","Inclusion Criteria\n\n* Adults aged 18 years or older.\n* Scheduled for elective cardiac surgery.\n* Planned ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization as part of routine perioperative care.\n* Able to undergo preoperative frailty assessment using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).\n* Able to perform handgrip strength measurement.\n* Able to undergo ultrasound assessment of the internal jugular vein.\n* Provided written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\nConditions Affecting Neck Anatomy\n\n1. Previous neck surgery.\n2. History of radiotherapy to the neck region.\n3. Presence of a neck mass, infection, or any lesion that may distort neck anatomy.\n4. Known internal jugular vein thrombosis.\n5. Congenital vascular anomalies causing significant alteration of the internal jugular vein or carotid artery anatomy.\n\nClinical Conditions Affecting Catheterization\n\n1. Patients requiring emergency cardiac surgery.\n2. Presence of an existing central venous catheter.\n3. Severe coagulopathy (INR \\> 2.0 or platelet count \\\u003C 50,000\u002Fmm³).\n4. Hemodynamic instability or requirement for active cardiopulmonary resuscitation.\n\nConditions Affecting Frailty and Handgrip Strength Assessment\n\n1. Severe neurological disorders (e.g., advanced dementia or disabling sequelae of stroke).\n2. Orthopedic or neuromuscular disorders affecting upper extremity function.\n3. Inability to perform handgrip strength measurement due to severe arthritis or hand deformity.\n\nConditions Affecting Study Participation\n\n1. Cognitive impairment preventing reliable clinical assessment or informed participation.\n2. Refusal to participate in the study.\n3. Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, may compromise patient safety or interfere with study participation.",{"count":118,"type":22},280,"This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the association between preoperative frailty and the procedural difficulty of ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.\n\nFrailty will be assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale and handgrip strength measurements. Preprocedural ultrasound evaluation will include internal jugular vein anatomical characteristics such as anteroposterior and transverse vein diameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), common carotid artery diameter, skin-to-vein distance, overlap status, and sternocleidomastoid muscle thickness Catheterization difficulty will be assessed using the Gaber Procedural Difficulty Index.\n\nThe study seeks to determine whether frailty and ultrasound-derived anatomical parameters can predict difficult internal jugular venous catheterization and improve preprocedural risk assessment without altering routine clinical care.",[121,122,123],"Frailty","Cardiac Surgery","Central Venous Catheter",[125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133],"frailty","central venous catheterization","ultrasound-guided catheterization","cardiac surgery","internal jugular vein","difficult catheterization","handgrip strength","venous anatomy","adult patients","2026-07-08",{"date":103,"type":37},{"date":137,"type":22},"2026-07-25",{"date":139,"type":22},"2027-06",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":142,"slug":143,"hasResults":12,"nctId":144,"briefTitle":145,"officialTitle":146,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":147,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":148,"enrollmentInfo":149,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":151,"briefSummary":152,"conditions":153,"keywords":157,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":169,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":170,"startDateStruct":172,"completionDateStruct":174,"leadSponsor":176,"locationsCount":45},"100646777","pulsed-radiofrequency-versus-5-dextrose-injection-in-chronic-plantar-fasciitis-100646777","NCT07688876","Pulsed Radiofrequency Versus 5% Dextrose Injection in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis","Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency and 5% Dextrose Injection in Patients With Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of chronic plantar fasciitis based on medical history and physical examination\n* Heel pain resistant to conservative treatment for at least 12 weeks\n* Age between 18 and 70 years\n* Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Congenital or acquired disease that may impair or prevent foot function, such as rheumatoid arthritis, hemiplegia, congenital foot deformity, traumatic foot or leg amputation, or fracture sequelae\n* Local infection or skin disease at the treatment site\n* Bleeding disorder or use of anticoagulant medication within the last week\n* Disease causing mental dysfunction, such as uncontrolled Parkinson disease or Alzheimer disease\n* Previous surgery for plantar fasciitis\n* Refusal to participate in the study or inability to provide informed consent\n* Failure to attend follow-up visits after treatment\n* Request to withdraw from the study\n* Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy\n* Presence of a cardiac pacemaker\n* History of epilepsy\n* Active or previous malignancy\n* Rheumatologic disease","70 Years",{"count":150,"type":22},50,[58],"This prospective, two-center, randomized controlled clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency and 5% dextrose injection in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. Eligible participants will be randomized into two parallel groups. One group will receive ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment, and the other group will receive ultrasound-guided 5% dextrose injection using the peppering technique. All participants will receive a home-based plantar fascia stretching exercise program. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome will be pain intensity measured by the Numeric Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes will include foot function, activity-related pain, ankle-hindfoot function, and health-related quality of life.",[154,155,156],"Chronic Plantar Fasciitis","Chronic Heel Pain","Foot Pain",[158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168],"Pulsed radiofrequency","Radiofrequency treatment","Dextrose injection","Prolotherapy","Ultrasound-guided injection","Plantar fascia","Chronic heel pain","Numeric Rating Scale","Foot Function Index","AOFAS score","Nottingham Health Profile","2026-06-30",{"date":171,"type":37},"2026-07-07",{"date":173,"type":37},"2026-01-01",{"date":175,"type":22},"2027-01-01",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":178,"slug":179,"hasResults":12,"nctId":180,"briefTitle":181,"officialTitle":182,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":183,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":184,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":185,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":187,"conditions":188,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":169,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":191,"startDateStruct":192,"completionDateStruct":194,"leadSponsor":196,"locationsCount":4},"100646732","difficult-intubation-in-holep-surgery-100646732","NCT07688954","Difficult Intubation in HoLEP Surgery","Retrospective Evaluation of Difficult Intubation Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged over 18 years Underwent elective HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) surgery Received general anesthesia\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nEmergency surgery Missing or incomplete anesthesia records Pre-existing known advanced airway anomalies History of tracheostomy","MALE",{"count":186,"type":22},300,"The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of difficult intubation and evaluate the associated clinical risk factors in patients undergoing Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) surgery under general anesthesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nWhat is the incidence of difficult intubation among patients undergoing HoLEP surgery? Are clinical parameters such as increased BMI, alpha-blocker use, high prostate volume, high ASA score, and high Mallampati class independent risk factors for difficult intubation in this specific patient population?\n\nParticipants' data will be evaluated retrospectively, and the study involves the following tasks based on medical records:\n\nReviewing preoperative demographic and clinical data including age, BMI, ASA score, comorbid diseases, alpha-blocker use, smoking history, and Mallampati class.\n\nExtracting intraoperative airway management data such as Cormack-Lehane score, number of intubation attempts, and the use of alternative devices like videolaryngoscopes or gum elastic bougies.\n\nAnalyzing surgical parameters including prostate volume and total operation duration to identify their relationship with intubation outcomes.",[189,190],"Difficult Intubation","Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate",{"date":171,"type":37},{"date":193,"type":22},"2026-07-05",{"date":195,"type":22},"2026-12-31",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":198,"slug":199,"hasResults":12,"nctId":200,"briefTitle":201,"officialTitle":202,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":203,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":53,"enrollmentInfo":204,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":206,"briefSummary":207,"conditions":208,"keywords":213,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":169,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":222,"startDateStruct":223,"completionDateStruct":225,"leadSponsor":227,"locationsCount":45},"100646665","high-intensity-laser-therapy-versus-transforaminal-epidural-steroid-injection-in-chronic-lumbar-disc-herniation-related-low-back-and-radicular-pain-100646665","NCT07688915","High-Intensity Laser Therapy Versus Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection in Chronic Lumbar Disc Herniation-Related Low Back and Radicular Pain","Comparison of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection in Patients With Chronic Axial and Radicular Low Back Pain Due to Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 65 years\n* Diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation confirmed by clinical examination and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging\n* Chronic axial low back pain and radicular pain related to lumbar disc herniation\n* Low back and\u002For radicular pain lasting longer than 3 months\n* Resting low back and\u002For radicular pain intensity of ≥5 on a 0-10 visual analog scale\n* Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy\n* Presence of a cardiac pacemaker\n* History of epilepsy\n* Active or previous malignancy\n* History of spinal surgery\n* Uncontrolled systemic or psychiatric disease\n* Cauda equina syndrome or progressive neurological deficit\n* Peripheral neuropathy, including diabetic or alcohol-related neuropathy\n* Neurodegenerative disease\n* Acute trauma\n* Active systemic infection\n* Local infection or skin disease at the injection site or treatment area\n* Body mass index greater than 40 kg\u002Fm²\n* Bleeding disorder that contraindicates treatment\n* Spinal stenosis, spondylolysis, or spondylolisthesis\n* Neurogenic bladder or bowel syndrome\n* Rheumatologic disease\n* Arterial vascular disease or vascular claudication\n* Receipt of other physical therapy modalities within the last 3 months\n* Receipt of spinal injection therapy within the last 3 months\n* History of allergy to injection agents",{"count":205,"type":22},24,[58],"This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy and fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injection in patients with chronic low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy. Eligible patients will be randomized into two parallel groups. One group will receive high-intensity laser therapy, and the other group will receive transforaminal epidural steroid injection. All participants will also receive a standardized home-based exercise program. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome will be pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale. Secondary outcomes will include functional disability, neuropathic pain symptoms, quality of life, and functional walking capacity.",[209,210,211,212],"Lumbar Disc Herniation","Chronic Low Back Pain","Radicular Pain","Lumbar Radiculopathy",[214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221],"High-intensity laser therapy","Transforaminal epidural steroid injection","Lumbar disc herniation","Chronic low back pain","Radicular pain","Lumbar radiculopathy","Visual analog scale","Oswestry Disability Index",{"date":171,"type":37},{"date":224,"type":37},"2025-08-01",{"date":226,"type":22},"2026-10-01",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":229,"slug":230,"hasResults":12,"nctId":231,"briefTitle":232,"officialTitle":233,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":234,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":235,"enrollmentInfo":236,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":238,"briefSummary":239,"conditions":240,"keywords":245,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":169,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":252,"startDateStruct":253,"completionDateStruct":255,"leadSponsor":256,"locationsCount":45},"100646656","intralesional-versus-perilesional-5-dextrose-injection-in-partial-rotator-cuff-tears-100646656","NCT07688902","Intralesional Versus Perilesional 5% Dextrose Injection in Partial Rotator Cuff Tears","Comparison of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Outcomes of Intralesional and Perilesional 5% Dextrose Injection in Patients With Partial Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of partial rotator cuff tear by a specialist physician after appropriate clinical examination and imaging evaluation\n* Shoulder pain and functional limitation lasting for at least 3 months\n* Clinically confirmed shoulder impingement findings, defined as at least one positive test among Neer, Hawkins-Kennedy, or painful arc tests\n* Age between 18 and 75 years\n* Ability to comply with the study procedures and attend follow-up visits regularly\n* Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Advanced cognitive impairment or dementia preventing reliable completion of questionnaires\n* Refusal to participate in the study or inability to provide informed consent\n* Full-thickness rotator cuff tear\n* Major tendon pathology other than the supraspinatus tendon, such as full-thickness subscapularis tear or biceps tendon rupture\n* Advanced acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis, marked impingement, or marked adhesive capsulitis\n* Advanced glenohumeral joint arthritis\n* Active infection, cellulitis, or dermatologic lesion at the injection site\n* Bleeding diathesis or anticoagulant use\n* Known allergy or intolerance to dextrose injection\n* Intra-articular shoulder injection, including steroid, platelet-rich plasma, or prolotherapy, within the last 3 months\n* Previous shoulder surgery\n* Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, defined as HbA1c \\>8.5%, or severe endocrine or metabolic disorder\n* Immunosuppression or active infection\n* Rheumatologic shoulder involvement\n* Neurological disease affecting shoulder movements\n* Pregnancy\n* Active malignancy","75 Years",{"count":237,"type":22},30,[58],"This prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial aims to compare the clinical and ultrasonographic outcomes of intralesional and perilesional 5% dextrose injection in patients with partial rotator cuff tears. Eligible participants will be randomized into two parallel groups. Both groups will receive ultrasound-guided 5% dextrose injection to the supraspinatus enthesis. In addition, one group will receive intralesional 5% dextrose injection, while the other group will receive perilesional 5% dextrose injection using the peppering technique. Injections will be performed in three treatment sessions at 21-day intervals. All participants will receive a home-based exercise program after completion of the injection treatments. Clinical outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 9 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, and ultrasonographic outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks.",[241,242,243,244],"Partial Rotator Cuff Tears","Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy","Shoulder Pain Chronic","Supraspinatus Tendon Tear",[160,161,246,247,248,249,162,250,165,251],"Intralesional injection","Perilesional injection","Partial rotator cuff tear","Supraspinatus tendon","Shoulder Pain and Disability Index","Ultrasonography",{"date":171,"type":37},{"date":254,"type":37},"2025-02-01",{"date":226,"type":22},{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":258,"slug":259,"hasResults":12,"nctId":260,"briefTitle":261,"officialTitle":262,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":263,"healthyVolunteers":264,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":265,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":267,"conditions":268,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":169,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":272,"startDateStruct":273,"completionDateStruct":274,"leadSponsor":276,"locationsCount":4},"100646642","preoperative-performance-indicators-preoxygenation-and-oxygen-reserve-relationship-100646642","NCT07688941","Preoperative Performance Indicators, Preoxygenation and Oxygen Reserve Relationship","Evaluation of the Relationship Between Preoperative Cardiopulmonary Performance Indicators (Hand Grip Strength and 6-Minute Walk Test) and Preoxygenation and Oxygen Reserve","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients aged \\>18 years ASA physical status I-III Scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia Voluntary written informed consent to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSevere COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) or restrictive lung disease NYHA Class III-IV Heart Failure Neuromuscular diseases Upper extremity pathologies affecting hand function (preventing HGS measurement) Orthopedic or neurological conditions preventing the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) Emergency surgeries",true,{"count":266,"type":22},120,"The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the relationship between preoperative cardiopulmonary performance indicators and preoxygenation efficiency along with oxygen reserve depletion in patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nWhat is the relationship between Hand Grip Strength (HGS) and the time taken for end-tidal oxygen (EtO\\_2) to reach 90% during preoxygenation? What is the relationship between the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance and the Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) depletion time during the apnea period?\n\nParticipants will be asked to perform the following tasks during their preoperative and intraoperative care:\n\nComplete a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) to determine preoperative functional capacity.\n\nPerform a Hand Grip Strength (HGS) test using a calibrated hand dynamometer to measure muscle strength.\n\nUndergo standardized preoxygenation with 100% oxygen via a tight-fitting face mask in the operating room while end-tidal oxygen (EtO\\_2) and Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) levels are continuously monitored.",[269,270,271],"Sarcopenia","Handgrip Strength Test","Preoxygenation",{"date":171,"type":37},{"date":193,"type":22},{"date":275,"type":22},"2026-12-03",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":278,"slug":279,"hasResults":12,"nctId":280,"briefTitle":281,"officialTitle":282,"acronym":283,"eligibilityCriteria":284,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":285,"maxAge":83,"enrollmentInfo":286,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":288,"briefSummary":289,"conditions":290,"keywords":292,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":298,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":299,"startDateStruct":300,"completionDateStruct":302,"leadSponsor":304,"locationsCount":45},"100631555","notch-vs-midpoint-suprascapular-nerve-prf-for-chronic-shoulder-pain-100631555","NCT07502209","Notch vs Midpoint Suprascapular Nerve PRF for Chronic Shoulder Pain","Comparison of Suprascapular Notch and Midpoint Approaches in Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment of the Suprascapular Nerve on Pain and Function in Patients With Chronic Shoulder Pain","SUPRA-PRF","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged between 40 and 80 years\n* Patients with chronic shoulder pain lasting longer than 3 months\n* Patients diagnosed with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain\n* Patients who show at least 50% pain reduction after diagnostic suprascapular nerve block\n* Patients who provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adhesive capsulitis\n* Previous shoulder surgery\n* Full-thickness rotator cuff tear\n* Neurological disorders affecting the shoulder\n* Pacemaker\n* Coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy contraindicating intervention\n* Infection at the injection site\n* Severe systemic disease\n* Pregnancy\n* Inability to comply with study protocol","40 Years",{"count":287,"type":22},32,[58],"This study aims to compare the effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of the suprascapular nerve using suprascapular notch and midpoint approaches on pain, shoulder function, and muscle strength in patients with chronic shoulder pain due to rotator cuff tendinopathy. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups. Clinical evaluations will include pain assessment using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), functional assessment using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and quality of life assessment using the Short Form-36 (SF-36). In addition, shoulder range of motion will be measured goniometrically, muscle thickness of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus will be evaluated by ultrasonography, and shoulder muscle strength will be assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Assessments will be performed at baseline, 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. The results of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the optimal approach for PRF treatment of the suprascapular nerve in patients with chronic shoulder pain.",[291,242],"Chronic Shoulder Pain",[293,294,291,242,295,296,297],"Suprascapular Nerve","Pulsed Radiofrequency","Isokinetic Muscle Strength","Ultrasound Measurement","Shoulder Function","2026-06-26",{"date":169,"type":37},{"date":301,"type":37},"2026-05-07",{"date":303,"type":22},"2027-08-30",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":306,"slug":307,"hasResults":12,"nctId":308,"briefTitle":309,"officialTitle":310,"acronym":311,"eligibilityCriteria":312,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":313,"targetDuration":314,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":315,"conditions":316,"keywords":319,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":322,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":323,"startDateStruct":325,"completionDateStruct":327,"leadSponsor":329,"locationsCount":45},"100638006","hematological-indices-and-sympathetic-block-response-in-neuropathic-pain-100638006","NCT07596823","Hematological Indices and Sympathetic Block Response in Neuropathic Pain","Hematological Inflammatory Indices as Predictors of Treatment Response to Sympathetic Nerve Blocks in Neuropathic Pain: A Prospective Observational Study","HINSPAIN","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥18 years\n* Diagnosis of neuropathic pain based on clinical evaluation\n* DN4 and\u002For LANSS scores compatible with neuropathic pain\n* Undergoing sympathetic nerve block as part of routine clinical treatment\n* Availability of pre-treatment and follow-up hemogram parameters\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C18 years\n* Active infection or acute inflammatory disease\n* Active malignancy\n* History of hematological disease\n* Immunosuppressive therapy or systemic corticosteroid use\n* Major surgery or severe trauma within the last month\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding\n* Autoimmune or rheumatologic inflammatory disease\n* Missing follow-up data",{"count":266,"type":22},"3 Months","This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between hematological inflammatory indices and clinical treatment response in patients with neuropathic pain undergoing sympathetic nerve block procedures as part of routine clinical care. Hematological parameters including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and red cell distribution width (RDW) will be evaluated before and after treatment. The association between changes in these indices and pain outcomes will be analyzed.",[317,318],"Neuropathic Pain","Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire (DN4) ≥ 4",[317,320,321],"Sympathetic Nerve","Inflammation","2026-06-25",{"date":324,"type":37},"2026-06-29",{"date":326,"type":22},"2026-06-01",{"date":328,"type":22},"2027-01-31",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":331,"slug":332,"hasResults":12,"nctId":333,"briefTitle":334,"officialTitle":335,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":336,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":235,"enrollmentInfo":337,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":339,"briefSummary":340,"conditions":341,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":347,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":348,"startDateStruct":350,"completionDateStruct":351,"leadSponsor":353,"locationsCount":45},"100642944","comparison-of-the-rhomboid-intercostal-block-and-serratus-posterior-superior-intercostal-plane-block-100642944","NCT07650877","Comparison of the Rhomboid Intercostal Block and Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block","Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Rhomboid Intercostal Block and Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block on Postoperative Acute Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients undergoing elective VATS\n* Patients aged 18-75 years\n* Patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I-III\n* Patients who have given informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients allergic to local anesthetics\n* Patients with bleeding disorders or those undergoing anticoagulant therapy\n* Pregnant and breastfeeding women\n* Patients with impaired consciousness, inability to communicate, or mental\u002Fcognitive impairment\n* Patients who refuse block application\n* Patients with infection in the area where the block will be applied",{"count":338,"type":22},90,[58],"Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is widely performed for the management of various thoracic pathologies and is generally associated with reduced surgical trauma compared with open thoracotomy. Nevertheless, patients may still experience considerable postoperative pain, which can adversely affect respiratory function, mobilization, and recovery. Various regional analgesic techniques have been incorporated into multimodal pain management strategies for VATS, including thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB), erector spinae plane block (ESPB), intercostal nerve block, serratus anterior plane block (SAPB), rhomboid intercostal block (RIB), and serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB). Among these approaches, ultrasound-guided TPVB has traditionally been regarded as a reference regional analgesic technique. More recently, interfascial plane blocks have gained increasing attention because of their technical simplicity and favorable safety profile. RIB and SPSIPB are two novel interfascial plane blocks that may provide effective postoperative analgesia following thoracic surgery. The present study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of RIB and SPSIPB in patients undergoing VATS and to evaluate their impact on postoperative pain outcomes.",[342,343,344,345,346],"Pain, Postoperative","Multimodal Analgesia","Rhomboid Intercostal Block","Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block","Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted","2026-06-15",{"date":349,"type":37},"2026-06-16",{"date":347,"type":37},{"date":352,"type":22},"2026-11-30",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":355,"slug":356,"hasResults":12,"nctId":357,"briefTitle":358,"officialTitle":359,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":360,"healthyVolunteers":264,"sex":184,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":361,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":363,"conditions":364,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":368,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":369,"startDateStruct":371,"completionDateStruct":373,"leadSponsor":375,"locationsCount":4},"100641179","metabolic-and-clinical-effects-of-hyperchloremia-during-holep-surgery-100641179","NCT07655830","Metabolic and Clinical Effects of Hyperchloremia During HoLEP Surgery.","Evaluation of the Metabolic and Clinical Effects of Intraoperative Hyperchloremia in Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP) Surgery.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients scheduled for elective HoLEP surgery.\n* Patients providing written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative metabolic acidosis.\n* Advanced renal failure.\n* Emergency surgery.\n* Missing data.",{"count":362,"type":22},45,"This study aims to evaluate the changes between preoperative and postoperative serum chloride levels in patients undergoing HoLEP surgery and to investigate the metabolic and clinical effects of this change. The study is observational, and no additional interventions will be performed.",[365,366,367],"HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate)","Hyperchloremia","Perioperative Management","2026-06-13",{"date":370,"type":37},"2026-06-18",{"date":372,"type":22},"2026-07-04",{"date":374,"type":22},"2026-09-30",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":377,"slug":378,"hasResults":12,"nctId":379,"briefTitle":380,"officialTitle":381,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":382,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":383,"maxAge":384,"enrollmentInfo":385,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":387,"briefSummary":388,"conditions":389,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":394,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":395,"startDateStruct":397,"completionDateStruct":399,"leadSponsor":401,"locationsCount":45},"100643583","effects-of-cartoons-and-mobile-games-on-preoperative-anxiety-and-fear-in-children-with-appendicitis-an-rct-100643583","NCT07640230","Effects of Cartoons and Mobile Games on Preoperative Anxiety and Fear in Children With Appendicitis: An RCT","Apandisit Tanısı Ile Cerrahi Servise Yatırılan Çocuklarda Preoperatif Kaygı ve Korkunun Azaltılmasında Çizgi Film ve Mobil Oyunların Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Araştırma","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Being hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Service with a diagnosis of appendicitis.\n* Being between the ages of 7 and 12 years.\n* Voluntary consent\u002Fassent from both the child and their parents to participate in the study.\n* Absence of any visual, auditory, or cognitive problems that prevent communication.\n* Not having received any analgesics before the intervention.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to participate in the study voluntarily.\n* Having a condition that prevents communication due to vision, hearing, speech, or mental health status.\n* Being in an agitated state or unable to cooperate.\n* Having received analgesics due to pain before the study.","7 Years","12 Years",{"count":386,"type":22},69,[58],"his study aims to evaluate the effects of cartoon viewing and mobile game playing on preoperative anxiety and fear levels in children aged 7-12 years who are hospitalized for appendicitis surgery. The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial with three groups: a cartoon group, a mobile game group, and a control group receiving routine care.\n\nChildren in the intervention groups will watch a cartoon or play a mobile game for 10 minutes before surgery. Anxiety and fear levels will be measured using validated scales before and after the intervention. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to atraumatic care practices by providing simple and effective non-pharmacological methods to reduce preoperative anxiety and fear in children.",[390,391,392,393],"Preoperative Anxiety","Children","Appendicitis (Diagnosis)","Fear","2026-06-08",{"date":396,"type":37},"2026-06-10",{"date":398,"type":37},"2025-10-10",{"date":400,"type":22},"2026-05-30",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":403,"slug":404,"hasResults":12,"nctId":405,"briefTitle":406,"officialTitle":407,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":408,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":409,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":411,"briefSummary":412,"conditions":413,"keywords":418,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":394,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":424,"startDateStruct":425,"completionDateStruct":427,"leadSponsor":428,"locationsCount":45},"100643432","sedation-methods-in-percutaneous-transhepatic-biliary-drainage-procedure-quality-and-recovery-100643432","NCT07640243","Sedation Methods in Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: Procedure Quality and Recovery","Evaluation of Sedation Methods Used in Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Procedures in Terms of Procedure Quality, Recovery Time, and Side Effects","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Scheduled for elective percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and\u002For biliary stenting\n* ASA physical status II-IV\n* Fasting time of at least 6 hours prior to the procedure\n* Ability to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to provide informed consent or to complete study assessments (e.g., Ramsay Sedation Scale, FRAIL scale, Numeric Rating Scale)\n* Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease\n* Clinical diagnosis of demantia\n* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to propofol, remifentanil, ketamine, ondansetron, or deksketoprofen\n* Grade 3-4 aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve disease\n* Advanced or decompensated heart failure (ejection fraction \\\u003C25%)\n* Emergency procedures\n* Refusal to participate in the study",{"count":410,"type":22},98,[58],"This prospective, randomized, single-center study aims to evaluate and compare two different sedation and analgesia regimens used during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) procedures. A total of 96 adult patients undergoing elective PTBD or biliary stenting will be randomized to receive either propofol-remifentanil or propofol-ketamine sedation. The primary outcome is recovery time assessed using the Modified Aldrete Score. Secondary outcomes include procedure quality, pain scores, patient and operator satisfaction, hemodynamic stability, and the incidence of sedation-related adverse events. The study is designed to determine the optimal sedation strategy for PTBD, particularly in fragile and elderly patient populations.",[414,415,416,417],"Fragility","Biliary Obstruction","Cholangitis","Malignancy",[419,420,421,422,423],"FRAGILITY","Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage","SEDATION","KETAMINE","REMİFENTANIL",{"date":396,"type":37},{"date":426,"type":37},"2026-02-01",{"date":396,"type":22},{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":430,"slug":431,"hasResults":12,"nctId":432,"briefTitle":433,"officialTitle":433,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":434,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":435,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":436,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":438,"briefSummary":439,"conditions":440,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":445,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":446,"startDateStruct":448,"completionDateStruct":450,"leadSponsor":451,"locationsCount":45},"100630496","impact-of-rtms-combined-with-neurorehabilitation-on-lower-extremity-motor-function-and-spasticity-in-children-with-spastic-diplegic-cerebral-palsy-100630496","NCT07488429","Impact of rTMS Combined With Neurorehabilitation on Lower Extremity Motor Function and Spasticity in Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.\n* Between 5 and 18 years of age.\n* Cooperative and oriented (capable of following commands).\n* Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level II or III.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Poor general health status.\n* Children with severe comorbid conditions (e.g., total or partial blindness, severe lower extremity deformities, etc.).\n* Diagnosis of epilepsy.\n* History of seizures.\n* Presence of a cardiac pacemaker.\n* Presence of metal implants (specifically in the cranial and cervical regions).\n* Open wounds or infections at the application site.\n* History of botulinum toxin injection or surgical intervention within the 6 months prior to study enrollment.\n* History of Selective Posterior Rhizotomy (SPR) surgery.","5 Years",{"count":437,"type":22},20,[58],"Cerebral palsy (CP) is widely recognized as the most prevalent cause of lifelong physical disability emerging in childhood across most global populations. While international data typically reports a prevalence ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 per 1,000 live births, in our specific national context, this rate is notably higher, reaching 4.4 per 1,000. CP is defined as a heterogeneous group of permanent disorders that fundamentally disrupt the development of movement and posture. These disruptions lead to significant activity limitations and are attributed to non-progressive disturbances occurring in the developing fetal or infant brain. Beyond primary motor impairments, CP is frequently characterized by a complex constellation of associated symptoms, including sensory and perceptual deficits, cognitive impairments, communication difficulties, behavioral challenges, epilepsy, and secondary musculoskeletal complications that develop over time.Among the various clinical presentations, diplegic CP stands out as the most common subtype of spastic CP, with prematurity identified as the leading etiological factor. In children diagnosed with spastic diplegia, all four extremities are typically involved; however, the clinical hallmark of this subtype is that the lower extremities are significantly more affected than the upper extremities. Despite this lower-body dominance, a loss of fine motor skills is frequently observed in the upper extremities as well. Most children with spastic diplegia face the risk of becoming significantly disabled due to these combined symptoms, a situation that exerts a profound and lasting impact on the quality of life for both the child and their entire family.This complex clinical picture underscores the critical importance of implementing a comprehensive and multidisciplinary CP rehabilitation program. Such programs must be initiated as early as possible, tailored to the child's specific age and functional status, and maintained throughout their entire lifespan. The planning of CP rehabilitation requires a highly individualized approach based on the unique needs of each patient. The ultimate and primary goal of these interventions is to facilitate the child's full participation in social life while maintaining the minimum possible level of physical and functional disability.In contemporary CP rehabilitation, a wide array of therapeutic modalities is employed. These include neurophysiological exercises, conventional physical therapy, gait training, orthotics, assistive devices, and pharmacological spasticity management. Furthermore, occupational therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, speech and swallowing therapy, hydrotherapy, and advanced robotic treatments-such as virtual reality applications and balance-training devices-are integrated into the patient's care plan. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), including specialized applications like FES cycling, and visual rehabilitation are also prescribed according to individual requirements.In addition to these traditional methods, recent research in pediatric neurology has increasingly focused on the efficacy of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) for various pediatric neurological disorders. For any therapeutic modality to demonstrate a truly effective and long-lasting impact, it must influence the brain's neuroplasticity over the long term. Theoretically, treatment methods that act directly on the cerebral cortex or specific neuronal populations may support nervous system development and correct dysfunction more effectively than traditional \"bottom-up\" approaches. While traditional methods rely on remodeling the central nervous system through peripheral organ stimulation, NIBS offers a \"top-down\" regulatory mechanism.One of the most promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic options in CP management is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a specific form of NIBS that has shown effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes for children. The fundamental objective of TMS is to stimulate neurons in targeted cortical regions and their associated networks through an intact skull using a magnetic coil. This technology modulates neuronal activity patterns: it achieves an inhibitory effect when applied at low frequencies (1-5 Hz) or an excitatory effect at high frequencies (5-20 Hz), thereby aiming to restore a healthy neuronal balance in the brain.Extensive clinical studies indicate that repetitive TMS (rTMS) can significantly improve motor function, reduce spasticity, enhance balance control, and even improve speech functions in CP patients. Although the relatively limited number of pediatric studies sometimes leads to hesitation regarding safety, current clinical evidence suggests that rTMS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention for children with CP. No serious adverse events have been reported in pediatric rTMS trials to date. Rare side effects, when they occur, are typically transient and mild, including minor headaches, neck pain, scalp",[441,442,443,444],"Diplegic Cerebral Palsy With Spasticity","Cerebral Palsy, Spastic, Diplegic","Transcranial Magnetic Stimilation","Cerebral Palsy (CP)","2026-06-03",{"date":447,"type":37},"2026-06-04",{"date":449,"type":37},"2025-05-05",{"date":374,"type":22},{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":453,"slug":454,"hasResults":12,"nctId":455,"briefTitle":456,"officialTitle":457,"acronym":458,"eligibilityCriteria":459,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":460,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":461,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":463,"conditions":464,"keywords":466,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":470,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":471,"startDateStruct":473,"completionDateStruct":474,"leadSponsor":476,"locationsCount":4},"100640803","effect-of-intraoperative-instrumental-music-and-operating-room-noise-reduction-on-anesthetic-and-analgesic-requirements-in-pediatric-patients-aged-3-18-years-undergoing-surgery-under-general-anesthesia-a-randomized-controlled-trial-100640803","NCT07630675","Effect of Intraoperative Instrumental Music and Operating Room Noise Reduction on Anesthetic and Analgesic Requirements in Pediatric Patients Aged 3-18 Years Undergoing Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial","EFFECT OF INTRAOPERATİVE INSTRUMENTAL MUSİC AND OPERATİNG ROOM NOİSE REDUCTİON ON ANESTHETİC AND ANALGESİC REQUİREMENTS İN PEDİATRİC PATİENTS AGED 3-18 YEARS UNDERGOİNG SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESİA: A RANDOMİZED CONTROLLED TRİAL","MUSIC-OR","Inclusion Criteria:Children aged 3 to 18 years Scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II Expected surgical duration between 30 minutes and 4 hours Eligibility for standardized general anesthesia management No contraindication to the use of headphones or acoustic interventions Written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian Assent obtained from children when appropriate according to age and cognitive capacity -\n\nExclusion Criteria: Emergency surgery ASA physical status III or higher Significant neurological disorders or developmental delay Severe cognitive impairment preventing appropriate assessment Epilepsy or disorders associated with increased sensitivity to auditory stimulation Moderate to severe hearing impairment or active ear disease Chronic use of opioids, sedatives, or psychoactive medications Severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction Refusal of participation by the parent, legal guardian, or patient\n\n\\-","1 Year",{"count":462,"type":22},180,"This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of intraoperative instrumental music and operating room noise reduction on anesthetic and analgesic requirements in pediatric patients aged 3-18 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.\n\nA total of 180 patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: an instrumental music group, a noise reduction group, or a routine care control group. In the music group, patients will be exposed to instrumental music through headphones during surgery. In the noise reduction group, operating room noise levels will be minimized using a standardized acoustic management protocol. The control group will receive standard anesthetic care without any acoustic intervention.\n\nAll patients will undergo standardized general anesthesia. The primary outcomes will be intraoperative volatile anesthetic consumption (sevoflurane use and MAC values) and opioid requirements. Secondary outcomes will include hemodynamic parameters, postoperative pain scores, emergence delirium, and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay.\n\nThe study does not involve any experimental drugs, invasive procedures, or additional risks beyond routine clinical care. The findings may help determine whether simple non-pharmacological acoustic interventions can reduce anesthetic and analgesic requirements and improve perioperative outcomes in pediatric patients.",[465],"General Anesthesia; Pediatric Surgery; Intraoperative Music Therapy; Operating Room Noise Reduction; Anesthetic Requirement; Analgesic Requirement",[467,468,469],"Pediatric Anesthesia","General Anesthesia","Instrumental Music","2026-06-02",{"date":472,"type":37},"2026-06-05",{"date":326,"type":22},{"date":475,"type":22},"2027-06-01",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":478,"slug":479,"hasResults":12,"nctId":480,"briefTitle":481,"officialTitle":482,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":483,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":484,"minAge":19,"maxAge":285,"enrollmentInfo":485,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":487,"conditions":488,"keywords":492,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":470,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":499,"startDateStruct":500,"completionDateStruct":502,"leadSponsor":504,"locationsCount":45},"100630009","gastric-ultrasound-after-clear-fluid-intake-in-diabetic-and-non-diabetic-pregnant-women-100630009","NCT07482098","Gastric Ultrasound After Clear Fluid Intake in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Pregnant Women","Effect of Preoperative Clear Fluid Intake on Gastric Volume in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Pregnant Women Assessed by Gastric Ultrasonography","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant women aged 18-40 years\n* Scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia\n* Singleton pregnancy\n* ASA physical status II\n* Patients who provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to participate in the study\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia\n* Known allergy to study medications\n* Multiple pregnancy\n* Severe systemic disease (ASA III or higher)\n* Pre-existing neurological disease\n* Infection at the spinal puncture site","FEMALE",{"count":486,"type":22},80,"Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia is a serious perioperative complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pregnant patients are at increased risk of aspiration due to physiological changes such as delayed gastric emptying and increased intra-abdominal pressure. In addition, diabetes may impair gastric motility because of autonomic neuropathy, potentially leading to gastroparesis and increased gastric residual volume.\n\nCurrent fasting guidelines allow the intake of clear fluids up to two hours before anesthesia. However, the effect of preoperative oral clear fluid intake on gastric volume in diabetic pregnant patients remains unclear.\n\nThis prospective observational study aims to compare gastric volume measured by gastric ultrasonography in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. All participants will receive 200 ml of water two hours before surgery. Gastric ultrasonography will be performed before fluid intake and two hours after intake to evaluate gastric volume and gastric content.\n\nThe results of this study may help improve the assessment of aspiration risk and guide perioperative fasting recommendations in pregnant patients, particularly those with diabetes.",[489,490,491],"Pregnancy","Diabetes in Pregnancy","Pulmonary Aspiration",[493,494,495,496,497,498],"Gastric Ultrasound","Cesarean Delivery","Preoperative Fasting","Gastric Volume","Aspiration Risk","Pregnant Women",{"date":447,"type":37},{"date":501,"type":37},"2025-12-01",{"date":503,"type":22},"2026-07",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":506,"slug":507,"hasResults":12,"nctId":508,"briefTitle":509,"officialTitle":510,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":511,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":512,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":513,"briefSummary":514,"conditions":515,"keywords":520,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":523,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":524,"startDateStruct":526,"completionDateStruct":527,"leadSponsor":529,"locationsCount":45},"100640595","ultrasound-guided-peng-block-for-chronic-shoulder-pain-100640595","NCT07607691","Ultrasound-Guided PENG Block for Chronic Shoulder Pain","Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy and Functional Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided PENG Block in Chronic Shoulder Pain","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older.\n* Patients presenting with chronic shoulder pain lasting longer than 3 months.\n* Initial pain intensity score greater than 4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS \\> 4).\n* Patients who have not responded to conservative or medical treatments.\n* Voluntary acceptance of the ultrasound-guided shoulder PENG block treatment and compliance with the scheduled follow-up protocol.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients currently using anticoagulants or diagnosed with coagulation disorders (bleeding diathesis).\n* Patients with psychomotor or cognitive disorders that prevent cooperative evaluation.\n* Presence of active bacterial infection, open wounds, or infectious discharge at the planned needle injection site.\n* History of shoulder surgery at the intervention site within the last 6 months.\n* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetics (lidocaine) or corticosteroids (dexamethasone).\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding patients.\n* Patients who reject the procedure or fail to comply with the scheduled follow-up visits.",{"count":362,"type":22},[58],"The purpose of this prospective, observational study is to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of ultrasound-guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block in patients suffering from chronic shoulder pain. Chronic shoulder pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal problem that significantly restricts daily activities and diminishes the patient's quality of life. While conservative treatments and various interventional injections are widely used, long-term efficacy can be limited, and systemic side effects may occur. The shoulder PENG block is a novel regional analgesia technique that specifically targets the articular (sensory) branches of the nerves innervating the shoulder joint capsule without affecting the motor branches. In this single-center study, a total of 45 eligible adult patients with chronic shoulder pain who did not respond to conservative medical treatments will receive an ultrasound-guided PENG block as part of their routine clinical care. The procedure will be performed under sterile conditions using a combination of local anesthetic (lidocaine) and dexamethasone. Patient pain levels will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), shoulder disability and functional status will be measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and overall patient satisfaction will be evaluated using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) score. All parameters will be documented at baseline (before the procedure) and at follow-up visits on the 1st week, 4th week (1 month), and 3rd month post-procedure. The investigators aim to determine the efficacy, duration of effect, and safety profile of this intervention.",[291,516,517,518,519],"Pericapsular Nerve Group Block (PENG Block)","Frozen Shoulder","Bursitis","Rotator Cuff Disorders",[521,522],"shoulder pain","pericapsular nerve group block","2026-05-21",{"date":525,"type":37},"2026-05-26",{"date":326,"type":22},{"date":528,"type":22},"2026-10-15",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":531,"slug":532,"hasResults":12,"nctId":533,"briefTitle":534,"officialTitle":535,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":536,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":184,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":537,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":538,"conditions":539,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":523,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":542,"startDateStruct":543,"completionDateStruct":545,"leadSponsor":547,"locationsCount":45},"100637220","intraoperative-lung-mechanics-changes-during-holep-surgery-100637220","NCT07607704","Intraoperative Lung Mechanics Changes During HoLEP Surgery","Evaluation of Intraoperative Driving Pressure and Static Lung Compliance Changes in Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP) Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients over 18 years of age\n* Patients scheduled for elective HoLEP surgery\n* Patients who provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preoperative severe lung disease\n* Thoracic pathology that may affect mechanical ventilation\n* Conditions where spontaneous breathing cannot be suppressed\n* Missing data severe lung disease\n* Thoracic pathology that may affect mechanical ventilation\n* Conditions where spontaneous breathing cannot be suppressed\n* Missing data",{"count":362,"type":22},"This study aims to evaluate changes in driving pressure and static lung compliance during HoLEP surgery and to investigate their relationship with surgical and perioperative factors. This study is observational, and no changes will be made to the patients' current treatment processes.",[190,540,541],"Lung Protective Ventilation","Driving Pressure",{"date":525,"type":37},{"date":544,"type":22},"2026-05-15",{"date":546,"type":22},"2026-08-31",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":549,"slug":550,"hasResults":12,"nctId":551,"briefTitle":552,"officialTitle":553,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":554,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":53,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":555,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":557,"briefSummary":558,"conditions":559,"keywords":565,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":570,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":571,"startDateStruct":572,"completionDateStruct":573,"leadSponsor":575,"locationsCount":45},"100637544","manual-versus-autoflow-ventilation-during-anesthesia-inducton-in-geriatric-patients-100637544","NCT07582913","Manual Versus Autoflow Ventilation During Anesthesia Inductıon in Geriatric Patients","Effects of Manual Versus Autoflow Ventilation During Anesthesia Induction on Cerebral and Peripheral Oxygenation in Geriatric Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 65 years and older.\n* Patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.\n* Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I, II, or III.\n* Volunteer patients who are willing to participate and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with severe heart failure or severe pulmonary disease.\n* Patients with a presence or history of brain tumors or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA\u002Fstroke).\n* Patients with impaired cooperation or cognitive dysfunction (e.g., dementia, delirium, Alzheimer's disease).\n* Patients with a known history or preoperative prediction of a difficult airway.\n* Patients with a known allergy to the monitoring sensor materials.",{"count":556,"type":22},106,[58],"The objective of this study is to compare the effects of manual ventilation and AutoFlow ventilation, administered during the induction of general anesthesia, on cerebral (s-rSO₂) and peripheral (somatic) oxygenation (p-rSO₂) in geriatric patients.",[560,561,562,563,564],"Cerebral Oxygenation","Peripheral Oxygenation","Geriatrics","Ventilation","Near-Infrared Spectroscopy",[562,564,566,567,568,569],"Cerebral Oximetry","Cerebral Autoregulation","Mask Ventilation","Autoflow","2026-05-13",{"date":544,"type":37},{"date":570,"type":37},{"date":574,"type":22},"2026-12-05",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":577,"slug":578,"hasResults":12,"nctId":579,"briefTitle":580,"officialTitle":581,"acronym":582,"eligibilityCriteria":583,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":584,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":586,"briefSummary":587,"conditions":588,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":592,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":593,"startDateStruct":595,"completionDateStruct":597,"leadSponsor":598,"locationsCount":45},"100637894","cervical-medial-branch-block-versus-ipsilateral-cervical-erector-spinae-plane-block-100637894","NCT07595406","Cervical Medial Branch Block Versus Ipsilateral Cervical Erector Spinae Plane Block","Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Medial Branch Block Versus Ipsilateral Cervical Erector Spinae Plane Block in Cervical Facetogenic Pain: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study","CERVESP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 80 years\n* Chronic neck pain lasting at least 3 months\n* Clinical findings suggestive of cervical facetogenic pain\n* Numeric Rating Scale pain score ≥4\n* Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy\n* Major neurological deficit\n* Infection at the injection site\n* Coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy contraindicating intervention\n* Allergy to local anesthetics\n* Pregnancy\n* Previous cervical interventional pain procedure within the last 3 months\n* Severe psychiatric disease",{"count":585,"type":22},130,[58],"This prospective randomized controlled study aims to compare the analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound-guided cervical medial branch block and ipsilateral cervical erector spinae plane block in patients with cervical facetogenic pain.\n\nPatients with chronic cervical facet-mediated pain will be randomized into two intervention groups. Pain intensity, functional status, meaningful pain response rates, analgesic consumption, and patient satisfaction will be evaluated during follow-up.\n\nThe primary objective is to determine whether cervical erector spinae plane block provides comparable short-term pain relief to cervical medial branch block.",[589,590,591],"Cervical Facetogenic Pain","Chronic Neck Pain","Cervical Facet Joint Syndrome","2026-05-12",{"date":594,"type":37},"2026-05-19",{"date":596,"type":22},"2026-05-31",{"date":195,"type":22},{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":600,"slug":601,"hasResults":12,"nctId":602,"briefTitle":603,"officialTitle":604,"acronym":605,"eligibilityCriteria":606,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":607,"enrollmentInfo":608,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":23,"phases":4,"briefSummary":609,"conditions":610,"keywords":612,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":614,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":615,"startDateStruct":616,"completionDateStruct":618,"leadSponsor":620,"locationsCount":45},"100640227","sleep-and-functional-outcomes-after-reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty-100640227","NCT07582081","Sleep and Functional Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty","Correlation Between Objective Sleep Parameters Measured by MotionWatch 8 and Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective Blinded Study","Sleep and RSA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nPatients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty Diagnosis of cuff arthropathy or glenohumeral osteoarthritis Age ≥18 years Ability to provide informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nRefusal to participate Known psychiatric disorders Pre-existing diagnosed sleep disorders or ongoing treatment for sleep disturbances Pathology affecting the contralateral shoulder Inability to comply with study protocol","90 Years",{"count":437,"type":22},"This prospective blinded study aims to investigate the relationship between objectively measured sleep parameters and patient-reported sleep and functional outcomes in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Sleep will be assessed using MotionWatch 8, and outcomes will be correlated with validated clinical scores. This study is designed as a prospective, blinded clinical investigation conducted at a single tertiary referral center. Patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty for cuff arthropathy or glenohumeral osteoarthritis will be consecutively enrolled.\n\nObjective sleep parameters will be collected using MotionWatch 8 one week prior to surgery in the patients' home environment. Functional and subjective sleep assessments will be performed preoperatively using validated scoring systems including ASES, Constant-Murley Score, VAS, SST, PSQI, and Jenkins Sleep Scale.\n\nPostoperative follow-up will include reassessment of functional scores at 1, 3, and 6 months. At the 6-month follow-up, both subjective sleep assessments and objective sleep measurements will be repeated.\n\nThe primary objective is to evaluate the correlation between objective sleep parameters and ASES and PSQI scores.",[611],"Shoulder",[613],"RSA, Sleep quality","2026-05-06",{"date":592,"type":37},{"date":617,"type":22},"2026-07-01",{"date":619,"type":22},"2027-07-01",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":622,"slug":623,"hasResults":12,"nctId":624,"briefTitle":625,"officialTitle":625,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":626,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":53,"enrollmentInfo":627,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":629,"briefSummary":630,"conditions":631,"keywords":634,"overallStatus":100,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":614,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":639,"startDateStruct":641,"completionDateStruct":643,"leadSponsor":645,"locationsCount":45},"100638308","the-effectiveness-of-transcutaneous-sacral-neuromodulation-techniques-magnetic-stimulation-and-electrical-stimulation-on-detrusor-overactivity-in-patients-with-spinal-cord-injury-100638308","NCT07578532","The Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Sacral Neuromodulation Techniques-Magnetic Stimulation and Electrical Stimulation-on Detrusor Overactivity in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 18-65 years old Traumatic and non-traumatic suprasacral SCI; Detrusor overactivity confirmed by urodynamics (spontaneous and\u002For provocative detrusor contraction during the filling phase will be accepted as detrusor overactivity) Patients who have been receiving anticholinergic and\u002For sympathomimetic treatment for the last 3 months and whose pharmacological medical treatment dose has not been changed since the last urodynamic examination will be included in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with a cardiac pacemaker,\n* Patients diagnosed with epilepsy,\n* Patients with a metal implant within a 10 cm radius of the area where the treatment will be applied,\n* Patients who have received botox injection to the bladder in the last 6 months,\n* Patients who have received any neuromodulation technique in the last 6 months,\n* Patients who have undergone surgical procedure for neurogenic bladder,\n* Patients with another neurological disease that may affect neurogenic bladder (Parkinson's, polyneuropathy, neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular disease, etc.)\n* Patients with acute urinary tract infection,\n* Patients diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction (urethral stricture, benign prostatic hyperplasia, etc.) will not be included in the study.",{"count":628,"type":22},40,[58],"The goal of this prospective, randomized clinical trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous sacral magnetic stimulation versus sacral electrical stimulation for detrusor overactivity in 40 male and female patients aged 18-65 with suprasacral Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) whose DOA is confirmed by urodynamics and is refractory to anticholinergic medication. The main question(s) aims to answer :\n\nIs there a difference between SMS and SES in their effect on objective urodynamic parameters, such as maximum detrusor pressure during filling and bladder compliance? Is there a difference between SMS and SES in reducing the frequency of incontinence episodes and improving the Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction Score? Researchers will compare Sacral Magnetic Stimulation and Sacral Electrical Stimulation to see if there are differences in their effects on urodynamic measures, clinical symptoms, and patient satisfaction\u002Fdiscomfort.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nBe randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: Sacral Magnetic Stimulation or Sacral Electrical Stimulation.\n\nReceive 20 sessions of the assigned transcutaneous sacral stimulation technique (5 times a week for 20 minutes per session).\n\nUndergo a series of evaluations before and after the 20 treatment sessions, including:\n\nUrodynamic assessment (cystometry + EMG). Clinical assessments (3-day bladder diary, Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction Score, Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score, Spinal Cord Independence Measure - SCIM).\n\nPatient-reported outcomes (Treatment Satisfaction Level - Likert Scale, Treatment Discomfort Level - Visual Analog Scale)",[632,633],"Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)","Detrusor Overactivity",[635,636,637,638],"spinal cord injury","transcutenous sacral magnetic stimulation","transcutenous sacral electrical stimulation","detrusor overactivity",{"date":640,"type":37},"2026-05-11",{"date":642,"type":37},"2025-03-26",{"date":644,"type":22},"2026-09-26",{"name":43,"class":44},{"id":647,"slug":648,"hasResults":12,"nctId":649,"briefTitle":650,"officialTitle":650,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":651,"healthyVolunteers":264,"sex":18,"minAge":460,"maxAge":652,"enrollmentInfo":653,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":56,"phases":655,"briefSummary":656,"conditions":657,"keywords":661,"overallStatus":33,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":614,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":666,"startDateStruct":667,"completionDateStruct":668,"leadSponsor":669,"locationsCount":4},"100625769","comparison-of-erector-spinae-plane-block-and-caudal-block-in-pediatric-patients-aged-1-to-8-years-undergoing-lower-abdominal-surgery-100625769","NCT07426939","Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Caudal Block in Pediatric Patients Aged 1 to 8 Years Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nChildren aged 1 to 8 years\n\nScheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery\n\nAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II\n\nWritten informed consent obtained from parent(s) or legal guardian(s)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nPresence of anatomical abnormalities\n\nCoagulation disorders\n\nInfection at the site of block application\n\nSevere cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, or metabolic disease\n\nKnown allergy to study medications\n\nFailed regional block\n\nBilateral surgery or additional surgical procedures involving different surgical sites\n\nRefusal of parent(s) or legal guardian(s) to provide consent","8 Years",{"count":654,"type":22},78,[58],"In routine pediatric surgical practice, lower abdominal surgeries are commonly performed. Inadequate control of postoperative pain can hinder functional recovery and may lead to negative behavioral changes as well as parental dissatisfaction. Regional anesthesia techniques are widely recommended for pain management in pediatric surgery, as they reduce the need for parenteral opioids and improve the effectiveness of postoperative pain control, patient comfort, and parental satisfaction.\n\nVarious nerve block techniques have been developed to enhance postoperative analgesia and facilitate recovery in pediatric patients. However, there is still no consensus regarding the most effective regional anesthesia strategy for pediatric surgical procedures.\n\nAmong regional anesthesia techniques used for pain management in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery, caudal block remains the most commonly applied method. The introduction of real-time ultrasound guidance has improved the reliability and safety of caudal blocks. Nevertheless, a major limitation of this technique is its relatively short duration of action following a single injection, even when long-acting local anesthetics or adjuvant agents are used. Consequently, several fascial plane blocks, such as the quadratus lumborum block, transversus abdominis plane block, and rectus sheath block, have been proposed as alternative approaches for postoperative analgesia in children.\n\nThe erector spinae plane block is a regional anesthesia technique that has been applied at thoracic, lumbar, cervical, and sacral levels for both acute and chronic pain management. By providing blockade of both somatic and visceral pain pathways, it has demonstrated effective postoperative analgesic properties in a variety of thoracic and abdominal surgical procedures. The technique involves the injection of a local anesthetic into the interfascial plane between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse process, allowing longitudinal spread of the anesthetic across multiple spinal levels.\n\nWith a growing body of evidence supporting its feasibility and effectiveness, the erector spinae plane block has gained increasing attention in pediatric anesthesia practice.\n\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block and caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing unilateral lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The primary objective is to compare postoperative pain levels between the two techniques using the FLACC score, which assesses facial expression, leg position, activity, crying, and consolability. Secondary objectives include the evaluation of intraoperative heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, block application times, parental satisfaction, and the incidence of postoperative side effects.",[658,659,660],"Caudal Epidural Anesthesia","Erector Spinae Plane Block","Pediatric",[662,663,664,665],"espb","caudal block","pediatric","erector spinae plane block",{"date":640,"type":37},{"date":105,"type":22},{"date":39,"type":22},{"name":43,"class":44},""]