[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Khon Kaen University\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":243},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,8,0,[8,50,74,107,141,167,192,216],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":29,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":45,"leadSponsor":47,"locationsCount":4},"100651524","phase-3-efficacy-of-a-non-invasive-botulinum-toxin-microneedle-pad-for-the-treatment-of-secondary-raynauds-phenomenon-100651524",false,"NCT07759557","Efficacy of A Non-Invasive Botulinum Toxin Microneedle Pad for the Treatment of Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon","Efficacy of A Non-Invasive Botulinum Toxin Microneedle Pad for the Treatment of Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon and Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","Botox SSc-RP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. SSc patients aged between 18 and 70 years\n2. Diagnosed according to ACR\u002FEULAR 2013 classification criteria20\n3. Having RP with\u002Fwithout DU on fingers or toes\n4. Understand and able to read and write Thai language\n5. Stable steroid, immunosuppressant, and vasodilator including CCB, PDE5i for at least 4 weeks before enrollment\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of allergy or hypersensitivity to Botulinum toxin or ISDN\n2. Overlap with other connective tissue diseases\n3. Documented having peripheral arterial disease or vasculitis that affected vascular supply of fingers or toes\n4. Current use of 2% ISDN cream for treatment of RP\n5. Current use vasoconstrictor or medication that has vasoconstrictor effect such as ergotamine sulfate, beta-blocker\n6. Pregnancy and lactating patients\n7. Bedridden and confined to no self-care\n8. Evidence of active malignant disease\n9. Active infection or sepsis\n10. Localized infection of hand\n11. Impaired of intrinsic muscle hand function\n12. Active smoker\n13. Prior upper extremity vascular surgery, including surgical sympathectomy within 1 month before enrollment","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},72,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"PHASE3","Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), a vasospastic disorder causing digital ischemia and potential tissue necrosis, is effectively treated with Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) in refractory cases. However, standard administration requires painful, invasive injections that risk infection and localized muscle weakness. To address these limitations, this randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluates a microneedle delivery system designed to reach the dermis while avoiding systemic circulation. By penetrating 70-80% of their height, these microneedles aim to improve hand function and symptom scores for adult systemic sclerosis patients through a more comfortable, portable, and less invasive method that increases delivery surface area while minimizing pain.",[27,28],"Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)","Raynaud Disease Secondary to Scleroderma",[30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37],"systemic sclerosis","scleroderma related disorders","Infrared Thermography","Botulinum toxin A","Microneedle pad injection","Topical nitrate","Clinical Trial","vasodilator","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-13",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-08-17","ACTUAL",{"date":44,"type":21},"2026-08-01",{"date":46,"type":21},"2028-12-31",{"name":48,"class":49},"Khon Kaen University","OTHER",{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":57,"enrollmentInfo":58,"targetDuration":60,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":62,"conditions":63,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":65,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":66,"startDateStruct":68,"completionDateStruct":70,"leadSponsor":72,"locationsCount":73},"100630955","an-ai-based-erythema-measurement-system-for-psoriasis-lesions-100630955","NCT07494396","An AI-Based Erythema Measurement System for Psoriasis Lesions","Development and Validation of an AI-Based Erythema Measurement System for Psoriasis Lesions Using Smartphone Imaging With Color Card Compared to Standard Color Calibration Device","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged ≥18 years\n* Diagnosed with psoriasis by a dermatologist\n* Presence of at least five clearly photographable lesions\n* Willing and able to take photographs using a smartphone with both a standard color calibration card and a study-specific color card at home weekly, and submit images via Line or email\n* Willing to have clinical photographs taken at baseline and at a follow-up visit\n* Provides written informed consent to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of skin infection or other lesions that may interfere with color assessment (e.g., tattoos)\n* Use of self-tanning products or substances that alter skin color\n* Inability to perform photography or comply with study procedures","100 Years",{"count":59,"type":21},50,"12 Weeks","OBSERVATIONAL","Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Disease severity is commonly assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), in which erythema is graded subjectively on a 0-4 scale. This visual assessment is prone to significant inter- and intra-rater variability.\n\nAlthough objective tools such as colorimeters provide accurate erythema measurement, their high cost limits routine clinical use. Smartphone imaging combined with artificial intelligence (AI) offers a practical alternative for objective assessment. However, variability in lighting conditions can affect image consistency. Incorporating a color calibration card enables accurate color normalization.\n\nThis study aims to develop and validate an AI-based system for measuring erythema in psoriatic lesions using smartphone images with a color card, compared against a standard colorimeter to assess validity and reliability.",[64],"Psoriasis","2026-08-03",{"date":67,"type":42},"2026-08-05",{"date":69,"type":21},"2026-11-01",{"date":71,"type":21},"2027-04-20",{"name":48,"class":49},1,{"id":75,"slug":76,"hasResults":11,"nctId":77,"briefTitle":78,"officialTitle":79,"acronym":80,"eligibilityCriteria":81,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":82,"enrollmentInfo":83,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":85,"conditions":86,"keywords":89,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":44,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":100,"startDateStruct":102,"completionDateStruct":104,"leadSponsor":106,"locationsCount":73},"100650582","agreement-among-three-methods-of-intraoperative-core-temperature-monitoring-nasopharyngeal-probe-taidoc-td-1261-infrared-tympanic-thermometer-and-3m-spoton-skin-sensor-100650582","NCT07749209","Agreement Among Three Methods of Intraoperative Core Temperature Monitoring: Nasopharyngeal Probe, TaiDoc TD-1261 Infrared Tympanic Thermometer, and 3M SpotOn™ Skin Sensor","A Prospective Observational Method-Comparison Study of the Agreement Among Nasopharyngeal Temperature Probe, TaiDoc TD-1261 Infrared Tympanic Thermometer, and 3M SpotOn™ Zero-Heat-Flux Skin Sensor for Intraoperative Core Temperature Monitoring in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery Under General Anesthesia","TEMP-AGREE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18 years\n* We will include 3 independent groups of patients receiving general anesthesia with tracheal intubation:\n\nGroup 1: Cardiac surgery Group 2: Thoracic surgery Group 3: General surgery, including neurosurgery\n\n* Expected surgical duration ≥ 60 minutes\n* ASA Physical Status Classification I- III\n* Able to provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Prior nasal surgery, nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum, or significant epistaxis history precluding safe nasopharyngeal probe insertion\n* Otitis media, tympanic membrane perforation, significant cerumen impaction, or external auditory canal deformity that would prevent reliable infrared tympanic temperature measurement\n* Facial or forehead skin lesions, burns, or known adhesive hypersensitivity at the planned 3M SpotOn™ application site, craniotomy, and head and neck surgery.\n* Baseline core temperature \\\u003C 35.0°C or \\> 38.5°C at preoperative assessment\n* Planned use of neuraxial anesthesia as the primary or adjunct technique\n* Emergency procedures, pregnancy, or procedures involving deliberate hypothermia or cardiopulmonary bypass.","85 Years",{"count":84,"type":21},270,"Keeping a patient's body temperature normal during surgery is an important part of safe anesthetic care. When the body temperature drops below 36°C (called inadvertent perioperative hypothermia), patients face higher risks of bleeding, wound infection, heart problems, and a slower recovery. To prevent these complications, anesthesiologists monitor core body temperature continuously during surgery.\n\nThree monitoring methods are commonly used in clinical practice: (1) a nasopharyngeal probe - a small soft sensor inserted through the nose and placed at the back of the throat, which provides continuous readings and is considered the gold standard; (2) an infrared tympanic thermometer (TaiDoc TD-1261) - a handheld device that measures ear temperature in about one second; and (3) the 3M SpotOn™ sensor - a non-invasive adhesive patch placed on the forehead that continuously estimates core temperature without requiring insertion into any body cavity.\n\nAlthough all three methods are used interchangeably at Srinagarind Hospital, no study has directly compared all three simultaneously in the same patient to determine how well they agree with each other. If significant differences exist between methods, a clinician who switches from one device to another may unknowingly under-detect or over-estimate hypothermia.\n\nThis study will enroll 92 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University. All three temperature sensors will be applied at the same time, and readings will be recorded simultaneously every 15 minutes throughout the operation. The main goal is to determine whether each device gives results close enough to the nasopharyngeal probe to be safely used as an alternative. The study is observational - no medications or procedures will be added to routine care.",[87,88],"Intraoperative Temperature Monitoring","Body Temperature",[90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99],"core temperature","temperature monitoring","nasopharyngeal probe","infrared tympanic thermometer","zero-heat-flux","SpotOn","TaiDoc TD-1261","Bland-Altman; agreement","method comparison","perioperative hypothermia",{"date":101,"type":42},"2026-08-06",{"date":103,"type":21},"2026-08-10",{"date":105,"type":21},"2027-04-30",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":108,"slug":109,"hasResults":11,"nctId":110,"briefTitle":111,"officialTitle":112,"acronym":113,"eligibilityCriteria":114,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":115,"enrollmentInfo":116,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":118,"briefSummary":119,"conditions":120,"keywords":123,"overallStatus":132,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":133,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":134,"startDateStruct":136,"completionDateStruct":138,"leadSponsor":140,"locationsCount":73},"100611796","phase-3-topical-cannabidiol-lotion-for-pruritus-relief-in-scleroderma-100611796","NCT07245238","Topical Cannabidiol Lotion for Pruritus Relief in Scleroderma","Efficacy of Topical Cannabidiol Lotion for Pruritus Relief, Hydrating, Sleep Quality, Quality of Life Improvement in Systemic Sclerosis: a Randomized Double Blinded Controlled Crossover Trial","cannabidiol","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. SSc patients aged between 18 and 70 years\n2. Diagnosed according to ACR\u002FEULAR 2013 classification criteria\n3. Having chronic pruritus\n4. Must not receive steroid equivalent to prednisolone dose more than 10 mg\u002Fd\n5. Must receive a stable dose of steroid, immunosuppressant and\u002For vitamin or its supplement within 2 weeks before enrollment\n6. Must stop moisturizer treatment at least 1 week prior to randomization\n7. Must stop anxiolytics, hypnotics or sleeping pills at least 2 weeks before enrollment\n8. Understand and able to read and write Thai language\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Overlap with other connective tissue diseases\n2. Pregnancy or lactation\n3. Bedridden and confined to no self-care\n4. Evidence of active malignant disease\n5. Present of uncontrolled or severe medical problems including diabetes mellitus, asthma, angina, cardiovascular, thyroid, hepatobiliary included cholestasis, or renal diseases (Cr\\>1.4 mg\u002Fdl)\n6. Present of active infection that needs systemic antibiotic\n7. Previous allergy to urea cream, cannabinoid or its derivatives\n8. Concomitant illegal drug used (amphetamine or its derivative, cocaine)\n9. On-going anxiolytics, hypnotics or sleeping pills used\n10. In a period that needs immunosuppressant dose adjustment\n11. Having history of schizophrenia, concurrent active mood disorder, or anxiety disorders\n12. Having dermatologic diseases causing pruritus such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, folliculitis, urticaria, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatophytosis, pediculosis, scabies, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, sunburn, drug allergy or skin eruption\n13. Having systemic diseases causing of pruritus other than SSc such as neurologic disease, polycythemia vera","70 Years",{"count":117,"type":21},36,[24],"Itching is one of the common symptoms found in patients with scleroderma, with a prevalence of about 42-62%, and it often occurs in the early stages of the disease. The mechanisms of itching are still unclear, and current treatments have not yet shown any clear efficacy in alleviating itching caused by scleroderma. Hemp extract has previously been used to treat itching in chronic skin diseases. Besides its antipruritic (anti-itch) effect, hemp extract also possesses anti-inflammatory properties, increases skin moisture, and helps repair the skin, all without psychoactive effects.\n\nStudies have investigated the benefits of hemp extract in the form of a topical cream with concentrations ranging from 1-5% for the treatment of various skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, and the management of fingertip ulcers in scleroderma patients. The results showed that a 1% hemp extract cream relieved itching in eczema and at the same concentration also helped heal fingertip ulcers in scleroderma patients. However, to date, there has been no clear study on the effectiveness of hemp extract in cream or lotion form for treating itching in scleroderma patients. Additionally, there is currently no standard guideline for the management of itching in scleroderma. Generally, 10% urea cream is commonly used to increase skin moisture and alleviate itching, but there has been no prior study on its efficacy specifically for itch relief.\n\nTherefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 1% hemp extract combined with 10% urea in lotion form compared to a lotion containing only 10% urea (without hemp extract) in relieving itching, increasing skin moisture, and reducing sleep disturbances caused by itching in scleroderma patients, as well as assessing any potential side effects.",[121,27,122],"Mediciine","Intervention Study",[30,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131],"Cannabinoid","Emollients","Crossover study design","Randomized controlled trial","Sleep quality","Pruritus","\\Cannabidiol","Cannabidiol","RECRUITING","2025-11-20",{"date":135,"type":42},"2025-11-24",{"date":137,"type":42},"2025-11-05",{"date":139,"type":21},"2028-12",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":142,"slug":143,"hasResults":11,"nctId":144,"briefTitle":145,"officialTitle":146,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":147,"healthyVolunteers":148,"sex":149,"minAge":18,"maxAge":150,"enrollmentInfo":151,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":153,"briefSummary":155,"conditions":156,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":132,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":158,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":159,"startDateStruct":161,"completionDateStruct":163,"leadSponsor":165,"locationsCount":166},"100597152","phase-4-comparison-of-pruritus-incidence-after-intrathecal-morphine-01-vs-02-mg-in-cesarean-section-100597152","NCT07054775","Comparison of Pruritus Incidence After Intrathecal Morphine 0.1 vs 0.2 mg in Cesarean Section","Comparison of Pruritus Incidence After Intrathecal Morphine 0.1 and 0.2 Milligrams in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria: • Pregnant women aged 18-45 years\n\n* Full-term pregnancy\n* Scheduled for non-emergency cesarean section\n* ASA physical status I-III\n* Non-complicated pregnancy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia or study drugs\n* Refusal to participate in the study\n* BMI ≥ 40 kg\u002Fm²\n* History of systemic skin disease or current itchy skin condition\n* Use of antihistamines or anti-pruritic medications within 3 days prior to surgery",true,"FEMALE","45 Years",{"count":152,"type":21},69,[154],"PHASE4","This study compares the incidence of pruritus (itching) requiring treatment between two doses of intrathecal morphine (0.1 mg vs 0.2 mg) when used for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. The study aims to determine if the lower dose (0.1 mg) can reduce pruritus incidence while maintaining adequate pain relief.",[157],"Pruritus Caused by Drug","2025-06-27",{"date":160,"type":42},"2025-07-08",{"date":162,"type":42},"2025-06-01",{"date":164,"type":21},"2025-11-30",{"name":48,"class":49},2,{"id":168,"slug":169,"hasResults":11,"nctId":170,"briefTitle":171,"officialTitle":172,"acronym":173,"eligibilityCriteria":174,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":175,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":61,"phases":4,"briefSummary":177,"conditions":178,"keywords":180,"overallStatus":132,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":184,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":185,"startDateStruct":187,"completionDateStruct":189,"leadSponsor":191,"locationsCount":73},"100589716","postoperative-atrial-fibrillation-in-cardiac-surgery-100589716","NCT06958029","Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery","Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery Patients","POAF","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18 years\n* Patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients undergoing aortic surgery\n* Patients undergoing MAZE procedure\n* Incomplete medical records\n* Patients who required mechanical circulatory support before surgery\n* Patients who died during surgery or within 3 days after surgery",{"count":176,"type":21},275,"This multicenter observational study aims to investigate the incidence and identify risk factors associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at three medical centers in Thailand. The study will examine patient characteristics, surgical factors, and anesthetic management practices that may contribute to the development of this common postoperative complication.",[179],"Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation",[181,182,183],"postoperative","atrial fibrillation","cardiac surgery","2025-04-27",{"date":186,"type":42},"2025-05-06",{"date":188,"type":42},"2025-04-01",{"date":190,"type":21},"2025-06-10",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":193,"slug":194,"hasResults":11,"nctId":195,"briefTitle":196,"officialTitle":197,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":198,"healthyVolunteers":148,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":199,"enrollmentInfo":200,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":201,"briefSummary":203,"conditions":204,"keywords":206,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":208,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":209,"startDateStruct":211,"completionDateStruct":213,"leadSponsor":215,"locationsCount":4},"100563903","phase-2-mucoadhesive-film-withwithout-acmella-oleracea-amp-triamcinolone-acetonide-for-aphthous-ulcers-100563903","NCT06622213","Mucoadhesive Film With\u002Fwithout Acmella Oleracea & Triamcinolone Acetonide for Aphthous Ulcers","Comparison of the Efficacy of Mucoadhesive Film with and Without Acmella Oleracea Extract and 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide for Treatment of Aphthous Ulcers: a Randomized Control Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Healthy participants aged 18-50 years without any underlying diseases.\n2. Participants are voluntary and have signed the informed consent.\n3. Participants are literate.\n4. Participants can follow the treatment guidelines and follow up.\n5. Participants have one untreated oral ulcer lesion.\n\n   * An ulcer has occurred within 48 hours.\n   * The ulcer size is less than 10 mm.\n   * The ulcer is clearly visible and located on non-keratinized oral mucosa such as buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, or buccal vestibule.\n   * The ulcer must be painful.\n6. If an ulcer is caused by a denture or orthodontic appliance, the cause must be eliminated before participation.\n7. Participants must not be currently participating in any other clinical studies about oral ulcer\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Participants with allergies to herbal extracts, Acmella oleracea, or steroids.\n2. Participants with chronic underlying diseases.\n3. Participants with underlying diseases that may affect wound healing.\n4. Participants receiving anti-analgesic drug, systemic steroids, antibiotics, hormones, NSAIDS, or any drugs that affect the oral mucosa.\n5. Oral ulcer lesion larger than 10 mm or lesions resembling herpetic form of aphthous ulcers.\n6. Oral ulcers are caused by infection or associated with systemic diseases.\n7. Participants with poor oral hygiene requiring emergency treatment.\n8. Participants who smoke or consume alcohol regularly.\n9. Participants who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study period.","50 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},[202],"PHASE2","The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of mucoadhesive film with or without Acmella oleracea extract compared to standard treatment by using 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in pain relief, promoting wound healing, healing time and satisfaction in 3 aspects included taste, product used and quality of life after using the product.",[205],"Aphthous Stomatitis",[207],"Oral ulcer","2024-09-30",{"date":210,"type":42},"2024-10-02",{"date":212,"type":21},"2024-10-15",{"date":214,"type":21},"2026-05",{"name":48,"class":49},{"id":217,"slug":218,"hasResults":11,"nctId":219,"briefTitle":220,"officialTitle":220,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":221,"healthyVolunteers":148,"sex":149,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":222,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":223,"briefSummary":225,"conditions":226,"keywords":228,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":235,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":236,"startDateStruct":238,"completionDateStruct":240,"leadSponsor":242,"locationsCount":73},"100418646","physiologic-change-of-posterior-ocular-segment-during-pregnancy-100418646","NCT04731415","Physiologic Change of Posterior Ocular Segment During Pregnancy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy pregnant women\n* Age \\> 18 years\n* Gestational age \\\u003C 12 weeks\n* Written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* High risk pregnancy such as multifetal pregnancy and preeclampsia\n* History of vitreoretinal diseases such as retinal vasculitis\n* History of intraocular laser treatments or intraocular surgeries\n* History of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease\n* Refractive error; spherical equivalence \\> 4 diopters\n* Clear ocular media\n* Could not be taken the images by non-dilated pupil\n\nWithdrawal Criteria:\n\n* Preterm labor; gestational age \\\u003C 34 weeks\n* Multifetal pregnancy was demonstrated by ultrasound\n* Severe labor and delivery complications such as\n* Severe postpartum complications such as postpartum bleeding\n* Taking hormone during the follow-up period",{"count":152,"type":21},[224],"NA","Women's physiology changes markedly during normal pregnancy. The most distinct alterations occur in the hormonal and cardiovascular systems. There is a dramatic increase in both estrogen and progesterone. Blood volume starts to increase in the first gestational period and reaches a peak in the third trimester.\n\nThe physiologic ocular changes during pregnancy are mainly the result of hormonal and blood volume increase, and then are usually marked in the third trimester.",[227],"Retinal Vascular",[229,230,231,232,233,234],"Retinal vascular density","Optical coherence tomography angiography","Choroidal thickness","Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness","Optic nerve head","Optical coherence tomography","2021-06-29",{"date":237,"type":42},"2021-06-30",{"date":239,"type":21},"2021-07-01",{"date":241,"type":21},"2026-06-30",{"name":48,"class":49},""]