[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"leadSponsorName\":\"Marmara University\",\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:":681},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,89,0,25,[9,48,73,106,129,152,177,199,225,254,278,309,337,365,396,421,448,473,498,527,548,569,603,629,661],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":36,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":37,"startDateStruct":40,"completionDateStruct":42,"leadSponsor":44,"locationsCount":47},"100652592","boron-levels-oxidative-stress-and-inflammation-in-periodontitis-100652592",false,"NCT07775378","Boron Levels, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Periodontitis","Evaluation of the Relationship Between Boron Levels and Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defense, and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals With Periodontitis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form\n* Being between 18 and 65 years of age\n* Being systemically healthy\n* No antibiotic use within the last 3 months\n* No periodontal treatment within the last 6 months\n* Being a non-smoker or having quit smoking at least 5 years ago\n* Not being pregnant or breastfeeding\n* No current use of steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs\n* No current use of medications associated with gingival enlargement, such as calcium channel blockers, phenytoin, or cyclosporine\n* No regular use of boron-containing supplements or multivitamin complexes\n* For the periodontally healthy group: no clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing \\\u003C10%, probing depth ≤3 mm, no radiographic bone loss, and an indication for crown-lengthening surgery\n* For the periodontitis group: diagnosis of Stage III or IV periodontitis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification and an indication for periodontal flap surgery\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Incomplete or unreliable clinical measurements\n* Insufficient saliva or gingival tissue sample for biochemical analyses\n* Regular use of boron-containing oral care products within the last 3 months\n* Regular consumption of boron-rich supplements or mineral waters\n* Failure to comply with the study protocol",true,"ALL","18 Years","65 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},60,"ESTIMATED","OBSERVATIONAL","This cross-sectional observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between boron levels and oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory markers in individuals with periodontitis. The study will include systemically healthy, non-smoking individuals divided into two groups: periodontally healthy controls and patients with Stage III-IV periodontitis. Boron levels and selected oxidative stress, antioxidant, and inflammatory biomarkers will be evaluated in saliva and gingival tissue samples. The findings will be compared between the groups to investigate the potential relationship between boron levels and periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress.",[27],"Periodontitis",[29,30,31,32,33,34],"Boron","Oxidative Stress","Antioxidant Defense","Inflammation","Saliva","Gingival Tissue","RECRUITING","2026-08-16",{"date":38,"type":39},"2026-08-20","ACTUAL",{"date":41,"type":39},"2026-02-26",{"date":43,"type":23},"2027-03",{"name":45,"class":46},"Marmara University","OTHER",1,{"id":49,"slug":50,"hasResults":12,"nctId":51,"briefTitle":52,"officialTitle":53,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":54,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":55,"targetDuration":57,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":58,"conditions":59,"keywords":61,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":36,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":67,"startDateStruct":68,"completionDateStruct":70,"leadSponsor":72,"locationsCount":47},"100652583","ai-based-prediction-of-root-coverage-outcome-from-intraoral-photographs-100652583","NCT07775365","AI-Based Prediction of Root Coverage Outcome From Intraoral Photographs","Development and Internal Validation of a Deep Learning Model Predicting the Outcome of Root Coverage Surgery From Preoperative Intraoral Photographs: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Systemically healthy patients (ASA I or II status) with no contraindications for periodontal surgery.\n* Adult patients aged 18 to 65 years.\n* Presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions classified as Cairo RT1, RT2 or RT3 in the maxilla or mandible.\n* Patients with good oral hygiene standards, defined as a Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Full Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS) of \\\u003C 20% at baseline.\n* Presence of an identifiable Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) (Crucial for AI segmentation).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with uncontrolled diabetes, immune system disorders, or pregnant\u002Flactating women.\n* Teeth with cervical restorations or abrasions that obscure the CEJ.\n* Malpositioned or rotated teeth that would distort the photographic angle for AI analysis.",{"count":56,"type":23},36,"6 Months","This study evaluates whether the outcome of root coverage surgery can be predicted from a preoperative intraoral photograph. Adults with Cairo RT1,RT2 or RT3 gingival recessions treated with a coronally advanced flap and a connective tissue graft are followed for six months. Standardised photographs and clinical measurements are obtained before surgery and at each follow-up visit. A deep learning model is developed to predict the surgical outcome from the preoperative photograph and baseline clinical variables, and its performance is compared with the outcome measured clinically at six months. The model does not influence treatment decisions.",[60],"Gingival Recessions",[62,63,64,65,66],"Gingival Recession","Artificial Intelligence","Image Analysis","Deep Learning","prognostic model",{"date":38,"type":39},{"date":69,"type":39},"2025-09-17",{"date":71,"type":23},"2027-09-17",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":74,"slug":75,"hasResults":12,"nctId":76,"briefTitle":77,"officialTitle":78,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":79,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":80,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":83,"briefSummary":85,"conditions":86,"keywords":92,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":36,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":99,"startDateStruct":101,"completionDateStruct":103,"leadSponsor":105,"locationsCount":47},"100637561","hyaluronic-acid-as-an-adjunct-to-non-surgical-periodontal-therapy-in-smokers-100637561","NCT07597213","Hyaluronic Acid as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Smokers","The Effect of Adjunctive Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smoking Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Individuals who sign the informed consent form\n2. Participants who are systemically healthy\n3. Participants who smoke (for \\>5 years and ≥10 cigarettes per day)\n4. Participants diagnosed with Stage III or Stage IV periodontitis\n5. Participants with at least 20 natural teeth present in the mouth (excluding third molars)\n6. Participants with two non-adjacent interproximal sites in each quadrant of either jaw, presenting probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥6 mm, and with no caries, restorations, or furcation involvement\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Individuals who do not sign the informed consent form\n2. Individuals having any systemic disease\n3. Participants who have used antibiotics within the last 3 months\n4. Participants who have received any periodontal treatment within 6 months prior to the study\n5. Participants who are pregnant or lactating",{"count":81,"type":23},23,"INTERVENTIONAL",[84],"NA","The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether hyaluronic acid (HA) improves periodontal healing in people with periodontal disease who smoke. Moreover, the effects of HA on biomolecules and bacteria levels will be assessed during the follow up period.\n\nThe main questions it will answer are:\n\nWill periodontal sites treated with HA gel after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) lead to better outcomes in clinical parameters compared to the sites treated with NSPT only in smokers?\n\nWill adjunctive use of HA gel reduce oxidative stress markers and bacteria levels during follow-up?\n\nResearchers will compare periodontal sites receiving NSPT with adjunctive HA gel application to sites receiving NSPT alone to determine whether HA provides additional clinical, biochemical and microbiological benefits.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* first receive full-mouth NSPT then, randomization will be performed in selected jaw to determine the test sites. These two interproximal test sites will additionally receive HA gel application.\n* attend follow-up visits at 1, 3 and 6 months for clinical periodontal measurements and to provide gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) and subgingival samples.\n\nThe GCF samples will be evaluated for Metallothionein (MT) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and subgingival samples for periodontal pathogens.",[87,88,89,30,90,91,27],"Hyaluronic Acid","Periodontal Therapy","Oral Microbiota","Metallothionein","8-OHdG",[93,94,95,96,91,97,98],"hyaluronic acid","periodontitis","periodontal pathogens","metallothionein","Non-surgical periodontal treatment","split-mouth study",{"date":100,"type":39},"2026-08-18",{"date":102,"type":39},"2026-07-13",{"date":104,"type":23},"2028-07",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":107,"slug":108,"hasResults":12,"nctId":109,"briefTitle":110,"officialTitle":111,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":112,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":113,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":115,"briefSummary":116,"conditions":117,"keywords":119,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":123,"startDateStruct":124,"completionDateStruct":126,"leadSponsor":128,"locationsCount":47},"100652154","animation-supported-infant-sleep-safety-education-100652154","NCT07771348","Animation-Supported Infant Sleep Safety Education","The Effect of Animation-Supported Education Developed for Infant Sleep Safety on Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes: A Mixed-Methods Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pediatric nurse working in a neonatal intensive care unit, infant ward, or newborn nursery.\n* No previous training on infant sleep safety.\n* Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent.\n* Available to complete all study assessments.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Not working in the target clinical units.\n* Previous participation in infant sleep safety training.\n* Refusal to participate or provide informed consent.\n* Incomplete participation in the data collection process.\n* Administrative position.\n* Temporary assignment or staff rotation during the study period.",{"count":114,"type":23},115,[84],"The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of animation-supported sleep safety training on the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric nurses. Sleep is one of the primary factors affecting an individual's cognitive development, learning capacity, and memory from the neonatal period through adulthood. Regulating the sleep environment plays a critical role in establishing sleep architecture; for efficient and safe sleep, the environment must be free from external stimuli such as temperature extremes and light . Ensuring standardization in infant sleep safety will both improve sleep quality and reduce the risk of sleep-related deaths, such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Since prone sleeping positions and bed-sharing are the primary factors increasing the risk of sleep-related deaths, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends creating a separate sleep area and supine positioning as safe sleep practices However, various studies have demonstrated that families' and pediatric nurses' knowledge levels regarding SIDS vary based on cultural practices, that common practices in sleep safety need to be disseminated, and that current training is insufficient . Nurses are the health professionals from whom families receive the most support during hospitalization and discharge processes. Technological advancements bring rapid changes in healthcare practices, necessitating the integration of technology into education to train qualified health professionals. Therefore, it is of great importance to train nurses with the most up-to-date and effective methods and to improve their knowledge and attitudes using digitally supported materials enriched with visual and auditory elements.",[118],"Infant Sleep Safety",[120],"Sleep safety, Safe sleep, Digital education, Pediatric nursing","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-14",{"date":100,"type":39},{"date":125,"type":23},"2026-09-15",{"date":127,"type":23},"2027-05-01",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":130,"slug":131,"hasResults":12,"nctId":132,"briefTitle":133,"officialTitle":133,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":134,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":135,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":137,"conditions":138,"keywords":142,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":122,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":147,"startDateStruct":148,"completionDateStruct":150,"leadSponsor":151,"locationsCount":47},"100646210","determination-of-sensitivity-and-specificity-of-straight-leg-raise-test-via-transforaminal-nerve-root-block-100646210","NCT07696312","Determination of Sensitivity and Specificity of Straight Leg Raise Test Via Transforaminal Nerve Root Block","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 18 and 65 years.\n* Preliminary diagnosis of lumbar radicular pain based on medical history, physical examination, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging.\n* Patients scheduled to undergo transforaminal epidural injection targeting the L4, L5, or S1 nerve root.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to access clinical or procedural records in the hospital system.\n* Absence of available radiological records related to the target level, if required.\n* Inability to provide reliable NRS or straight leg raise test assessment due to cognitive impairment or language barrier.\n* Coagulopathy, defined as INR \\> 1.5 or platelet count \\\u003C 80,000\u002Fmm³, or inability to discontinue anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy when required.\n* Local or systemic infection, or skin lesion at the planned injection site.\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.\n* Known severe hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast material or local anesthetics.\n* Progressive neurological deficit or cauda equina syndrome.\n* Bilateral or nearly bilateral pain with both sides being prominent and equivalent, or need for therapeutic injection at more than one level during the same session.\n* Epidural injection with local anesthetic and\u002For steroid at the same level within the last 6 weeks.\n* Active polyneuropathy or other diffuse neuropathies.\n* Active radicular pain originating from nerve roots other than L4, L5, or S1.\n* Requirement for mandatory sedation.",{"count":136,"type":23},88,"This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the straight leg raise test in patients with suspected lumbosacral radicular pain. Lumbosacral radicular pain is often caused by lumbar disc herniation and may radiate from the lower back or buttock to the leg. Although the straight leg raise test is commonly used in clinical practice, its diagnostic performance has been reported to vary.\n\nIn this study, diagnostic transforaminal epidural steroid injection or selective nerve root block will be used as the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and area under the curve of the straight leg raise test will be calculated. The findings may help guide clinicians in determining when the straight leg raise test is sufficient and when further diagnostic confirmation may be needed.",[139,140,141],"Lumbosacral Radicular Pain","Lumbar Radiculopathy","Straight Leg Raise",[143,139,140,144,145,146],"Straight Leg Raise Test","Diagnostic Accuracy","Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection","Selective Nerve Root Block",{"date":100,"type":39},{"date":149,"type":39},"2025-12-11",{"date":125,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":153,"slug":154,"hasResults":12,"nctId":155,"briefTitle":156,"officialTitle":157,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":158,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":159,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":161,"conditions":162,"keywords":165,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":170,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":171,"startDateStruct":173,"completionDateStruct":175,"leadSponsor":176,"locationsCount":47},"100646204","evaluation-of-alexithymia-and-its-relationship-with-clinical-parameters-in-patients-with-chronic-coccydynia-100646204","NCT07696260","Evaluation of Alexithymia and Its Relationship With Clinical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Coccydynia","Evaluation of the Presence of Alexithymia and Its Relationship With Clinical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Coccydynia (>=3 Months)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nBeing older than 18 years of age\n\n* Volunteering to participate in the study and providing written informed consent\n* Being literate and having the mental capacity to comprehend the questionnaires\n* Having no active, treated severe psychiatric disorder (such as schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* \\- Cognitive impairment or communication barriers that compromise the capacity to consent\n* Active psychotic disorder or manic episode\n* Suspected self-harm or suicide risk during the clinical interview\n* Distinct secondary causes of pain such as malignancy, active infection, or acute fracture",{"count":160,"type":23},15,"This study aims to investigate the prevalence and levels of alexithymia in patients diagnosed with chronic coccydynia (tailbone pain lasting for 3 months or longer) and to explore its relationship with various clinical and psychological parameters. Chronic coccydynia can significantly impair daily activities, functionality, and reduce quality of life. Participants in this prospective, observational study will be evaluated during their routine visits to the pain management clinic. Evaluation of the participants will be performed using validated self-report questionnaires, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) for alexithymia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for mood symptoms, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) for early life adverse experiences, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) for quality of life. The primary objective of the study is to determine how alexithymia relates to pain severity, duration, emotional symptoms, childhood trauma history, and overall quality of life in this specific population. The results of this pilot study may help strengthen the biopsychosocial approach in the evaluation of chronic coccydynia and optimize future multidisciplinary treatment strategies.",[163,164],"Chronic Coccydynia","Alexithymia",[166,164,167,168,169],"Chronic coccydynia","Childhood Trauma","Chronic Pain","Quality of Life","2026-08-10",{"date":172,"type":39},"2026-08-12",{"date":174,"type":39},"2026-03-20",{"date":43,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":178,"slug":179,"hasResults":12,"nctId":180,"briefTitle":181,"officialTitle":182,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":183,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":184,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":186,"conditions":187,"keywords":188,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":170,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":193,"startDateStruct":194,"completionDateStruct":196,"leadSponsor":198,"locationsCount":47},"100646169","evaluation-of-alexithymia-in-chronic-pain-patients-with-spinal-cord-stimulation-100646169","NCT07696286","Evaluation of Alexithymia in Chronic Pain Patients With Spinal Cord Stimulation","The Relationship of Alexithymia With Pain and Quality of Life Scales in Chronic Pain Patients Who Underwent Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* \\- Being 18 years of age or older\n* Having undergone permanent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) implantation due to clinical indications\n* Providing written informed consent for study participation\n* Being literate\n* Having the cognitive capacity to complete the psychometric scales\n* No active, severe psychiatric disorders requiring immediate treatment (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, severe psychotic disorders)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cognitive impairment or communication barriers that compromise the capacity to provide informed consent\n* Presence of active psychotic disorders or manic episodes\n* Suspected self-harm or suicide risk during the clinical interview\n* Presence of specific secondary causes that could explain the pain (e.g., active malignancy, active infection, acute fracture)",{"count":185,"type":23},20,"The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between alexithymia levels and clinical parameters, including pain intensity and quality of life, in chronic pain patients treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Chronic neuropathic pain can lead to psychological distress and decreased quality of life. While SCS is an effective neuromodulation therapy for managing refractory pain, patient outcomes vary significantly, suggesting that biomedically similar patients experience different levels of relief due to psychosocial factors.\n\nAlexithymia, characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing emotions, may significantly influence the individual pain experience and treatment outcomes. In this cross-sectional observational study, patients who underwent SCS implantation for clinical indications will be evaluated. Clinical data regarding pain history will be collected retrospectively from patient files, while psychosocial profiles will be assessed at a single time point using validated psychometric questionnaires. The study aims to contribute to a better understanding of psychosocial variables in neuromodulation outcomes, potentially aiding in improved patient selection and expectation management.",[168],[189,190,164,169,167,191,192],"CHRONIC PAIN","Spinal Cord Stimulation","Anxiety and Depression","Neuromodulation",{"date":172,"type":39},{"date":195,"type":39},"2026-06-01",{"date":197,"type":23},"2027-06-01",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":200,"slug":201,"hasResults":12,"nctId":202,"briefTitle":203,"officialTitle":204,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":205,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":206,"maxAge":207,"enrollmentInfo":208,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":210,"briefSummary":211,"conditions":212,"keywords":215,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":219,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":220,"startDateStruct":221,"completionDateStruct":222,"leadSponsor":224,"locationsCount":47},"100651450","the-effect-of-kangaroo-care-on-pain-in-infants-receiving-phototherapy-100651450","NCT07761689","The Effect of Kangaroo Care on Pain in Infants Receiving Phototherapy","The Effect of Two Different Kangaroo Care Interventions on Pain Level During Heel Prick Procedure in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Voluntary participation of the mother\n* Gestational age of 38 weeks or more\n* Diagnosis of physiological hyperbilirubinemia only\n* Serum bilirubin level within the moderate-high range (13-18 mg\u002FdL) according to the Turkish Neonatal Society Guideline for the Management, Follow-up, and Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice (2022 update)\n* Postnatal age between 2 and 7 days\n* Absence of any condition preventing the infant from feeding\n* Absence of any maternal health condition that would preclude the application of kangaroo care\n* Ability of the mother to speak Turkish and to understand the information provided about the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Gestational age less than 34 weeks or 38 weeks and above\n* Diagnosis of sepsis or any other systemic infection\n* Presence of congenital anomalies\n* Diagnosis of pathological jaundice\n* Use of antibiotic therapy\n* Serum bilirubin level greater than 18 mg\u002FdL\n* Postnatal age greater than 7 days\n* Mother's refusal to participate in the study","2 Days","7 Days",{"count":209,"type":23},45,[84],"This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of two different kangaroo care (KC) models on pain management in neonates undergoing phototherapy. Specifically, the research investigates the impact of mother-administered versus nurse-administered kangaroo care on pain levels during mandatory heel-stick blood sampling. The study seeks to determine which provider model is more effective in reducing procedural pain for these vulnerable newborns, thereby optimizing comfort and care protocols during phototherapy treatment.",[213,214],"Procedural Pain","Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia",[216,217,218],"Phototherapy","Procedural pain","Kangaroo Care","2026-08-07",{"date":172,"type":39},{"date":195,"type":39},{"date":223,"type":23},"2026-12-31",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":226,"slug":227,"hasResults":12,"nctId":228,"briefTitle":229,"officialTitle":230,"acronym":231,"eligibilityCriteria":232,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":233,"maxAge":234,"enrollmentInfo":235,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":236,"briefSummary":237,"conditions":238,"keywords":240,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":247,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":248,"startDateStruct":249,"completionDateStruct":251,"leadSponsor":253,"locationsCount":47},"100650836","lego-based-play-therapy-for-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-100650836","NCT07751679","LEGO-Based Play Therapy for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder","The Effects of LEGO®-Based Play Therapy on Social Skills and Play Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder","LEGO-ASD","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children aged 6 to 12 years.\n* Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11).\n* Regular attendance at the Istanbul Gedik University Center for Barrier-Free Life Practice and Research.\n* No physical health condition that would prevent participation in group activities.\n* Written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian.\n* Willingness of the child to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of a physical, neurological, or psychiatric condition that would prevent participation in LEGO®-Based Group Play Therapy.\n* Absence from more than 20% of the planned 12 intervention sessions. Incomplete completion of the data collection instruments by the parent or legal guardian, or failure to participate in the post-intervention or follow-up assessments.\n* Withdrawal from the study by the child or the parent\u002Flegal guardian at any stage of the research","6 Years","12 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},[84],"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Children with ASD often experience challenges in developing social relationships and engaging in age-appropriate play activities.\n\nThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LEGO®-Based Play Therapy in improving social skills and play skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants are assigned to either a LEGO®-Based Play Therapy group or a control group. The intervention consists of structured group sessions conducted over a 12-week period using collaborative LEGO® building activities designed to promote communication, cooperation, problem-solving, and peer interaction.\n\nThe primary outcomes are changes in social skills and play skills measured using validated assessment tools before and after the intervention. The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of LEGO®-Based Play Therapy as a supportive intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder and contribute to the development of evidence-based psychosocial interventions.",[239],"Autism Spectrum Disorder",[239,241,242,243,244,245,246],"LEGO®-Based Play Therapy","Social Skills","Play Skills","Children","Psychosocial Intervention","Randomized Controlled Trial","2026-08-06",{"date":219,"type":39},{"date":250,"type":23},"2026-08",{"date":252,"type":23},"2027-01",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":255,"slug":256,"hasResults":12,"nctId":257,"briefTitle":258,"officialTitle":259,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":260,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":261,"maxAge":234,"enrollmentInfo":262,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":264,"briefSummary":265,"conditions":266,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":270,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":271,"startDateStruct":273,"completionDateStruct":275,"leadSponsor":277,"locationsCount":47},"100649286","comparison-of-computer-assisted-and-conventional-local-anesthesia-in-children-with-molar-incisor-hypomineralization-100649286","NCT07733011","Comparison of Computer-Assisted and Conventional Local Anesthesia in Children With Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization","Comparison of Computer-Assisted and Conventional Local Anesthesia in Children With Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children aged 8-12 years\n* Children with no systemic disease\n* Children with no pathology involving the oral region, such as trauma, cysts, or tumors\n* Children who have not used antibiotics within the past month\n* Children who have not used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) within the past month\n* Children with at least two homologous permanent molars affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and indicated for restorative treatment due to dentin caries\n* Children with a Frankl Behavior Rating Scale score of 3 or higher will be included in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children in whom local anesthesia cannot be administered due to lack of cooperation\n* Children who require pulp treatment after enrollment in the study will be withdrawn from the study.","8 Years",{"count":263,"type":23},54,[84],"The main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nDoes computer-controlled local anesthesia cause less pain and anxiety than conventional local anesthesia in children with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?\n\nIs there a difference between the two methods in anesthesia onset time, injection duration, physiological responses, and the need for additional anesthesia?\n\nResearchers will compare computer-controlled and conventional local anesthesia in children aged 8-12 years with MIH. Each child will receive both anesthesia methods during separate dental visits, on comparable permanent molar teeth, to determine which method is more comfortable, effective, and preferred by children.",[267,268,269],"Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization","Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)","Computer-Controlled Local Anesthesia","2026-07-28",{"date":272,"type":39},"2026-07-29",{"date":274,"type":23},"2026-08-11",{"date":276,"type":23},"2027-11-01",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":279,"slug":280,"hasResults":12,"nctId":281,"briefTitle":282,"officialTitle":283,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":284,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":285,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":286,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":288,"briefSummary":289,"conditions":290,"keywords":296,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":301,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":302,"startDateStruct":304,"completionDateStruct":306,"leadSponsor":308,"locationsCount":4},"100649686","relaxation-training-via-tele-rehabilitation-in-postmenopausal-women-100649686","NCT07737691","Relaxation Training Via Tele-Rehabilitation in Postmenopausal Women","Effects of Tele-Rehabilitation-Based Relaxation Training on Menopausal Symptoms, Sleep Quality, and Fatigue in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Women in the early postmenopausal period (within 8 years after menopause) Natural or hormonally confirmed menopause with at least 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea Resident of Tekirdağ Province Able to use a smartphone and internet connection Willing to participate and provide written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of a serious cardiac condition, including angina, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, clinically significant arrhythmia, or a cardiac pacemaker Presence of an advanced orthopedic, neurological, or psychiatric disorder Current use of hormone replacement therapy History of trauma or a medical condition that may prevent participation in the relaxation exercise program Inability to cooperate with or adhere to the study procedures and intervention program","FEMALE",{"count":287,"type":23},30,[84],"Menopause is associated with various physiological and psychological changes that may adversely affect women's quality of life. Menopausal symptoms, sleep disturbances, and fatigue are among the most common complaints during the postmenopausal period. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as relaxation training, have been suggested as effective approaches for managing these symptoms. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of a physiotherapist-supervised relaxation training program delivered synchronously via tele-rehabilitation on menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and fatigue in postmenopausal women. Thirty women in the early postmenopausal period will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving a 6-week tele-rehabilitation-based relaxation training program (twice weekly) or a control group receiving no structured intervention. Outcomes, including menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, objectively monitored sleep parameters, and fatigue, will be assessed before and after the intervention using validated outcome measures. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation-based relaxation training as a non-pharmacological approach for managing postmenopausal symptoms.",[291,292,293,294,295],"Postmenopausal Symptoms","Telerehabilitation","Relaxation Training","Menopause","Menopausal Syndrome",[297,292,298,299,300],"Postmenopause","Relaxation training","Menopausal symptoms","Fatigue","2026-07-27",{"date":303,"type":39},"2026-07-30",{"date":305,"type":23},"2026-08-01",{"date":307,"type":23},"2026-11-01",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":310,"slug":311,"hasResults":12,"nctId":312,"briefTitle":313,"officialTitle":314,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":315,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":233,"maxAge":234,"enrollmentInfo":316,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":318,"briefSummary":319,"conditions":320,"keywords":325,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":331,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":332,"startDateStruct":333,"completionDateStruct":334,"leadSponsor":336,"locationsCount":4},"100649431","mirror-therapy-in-children-with-hemiparetic-cerebral-palsy-100649431","NCT07734376","Mirror Therapy in Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy","Effects of Mirror Therapy on Upper Extremity Function and Motor Control in Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of hemiparetic cerebral palsy\n* Aged between 6 and 12 years\n* Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level I-III\n* Having received or currently receiving physiotherapy and rehabilitation for at least 6 months\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Cognitive or communication impairments that would prevent participation in mirror therapy.\n* Inability to cooperate with the assessment or intervention procedures.\n* Presence of uncontrolled neurological disorders, such as epilepsy.\n* Musculoskeletal deformities or a history of upper extremity surgery.\n* Visual or hearing impairments that would interfere with participation in mirror therapy.\n* Receipt of upper extremity interventions other than routine physiotherapy (e.g., botulinum toxin injection or surgical intervention) within the past 6 months.\n\nInability to comply with the study assessment or intervention schedule.",{"count":317,"type":23},26,[84],"Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently impairs upper extremity motor control and hand function, resulting in limitations in daily activities. Mirror therapy is a low-cost, easy-to-implement intervention that promotes motor learning by stimulating cortical reorganization and neuroplasticity. This randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of mirror therapy on upper extremity function, selective motor control, hand function, hand grip strength, and manual dexterity in children with hemiparetic CP.\n\nTwenty-six children with hemiparetic CP will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving mirror therapy combined with conventional physiotherapy or a control group receiving sham mirror therapy combined with the same conventional physiotherapy program. The intervention will be administered over an 8-week period.\n\nBaseline assessments will include the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the Modified Ashworth Scale. Outcome measures collected before and after the intervention will include the Selective Control of the Upper Extremity Scale (SCUES), ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire, hand grip strength measured with the Jamar dynamometer, and manual dexterity assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test.\n\nThe study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of mirror therapy beyond conventional physiotherapy by using a sham-controlled design and to contribute to the development of standardized, evidence-based rehabilitation protocols for improving upper extremity function in children with hemiparetic CP.",[321,322,323,324],"Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy","Mirror Hands","Upper Extremity Dysfunction","Motor Activity",[326,327,328,329,330],"Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy","Mirror Therapy","Motor control","Upper extremity function","Hand grip strength","2026-07-24",{"date":272,"type":39},{"date":305,"type":23},{"date":335,"type":23},"2026-10-25",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":338,"slug":339,"hasResults":12,"nctId":340,"briefTitle":341,"officialTitle":342,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":343,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":344,"maxAge":345,"enrollmentInfo":346,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":348,"briefSummary":349,"conditions":350,"keywords":352,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":358,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":359,"startDateStruct":360,"completionDateStruct":362,"leadSponsor":364,"locationsCount":47},"100649252","comparison-of-erythritol-air-polishing-and-conventional-polishing-following-ultrasonic-scaling-on-the-relapse-of-chromogenic-tooth-staining-in-children-100649252","NCT07730658","Comparison of Erythritol Air-Polishing and Conventional Polishing Following Ultrasonic Scaling on the Relapse of Chromogenic Tooth Staining in Children","Comparison of Erythritol Air-Polishing and Conventional Polishing Following Ultrasonic Scaling on the Relapse of Chromogenic Tooth Staining in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children aged 4-13 years.\n* Absence of oral diseases, including gingivitis and oral mucosal diseases.\n* No orthodontic appliances.\n* No history of iron supplementation or professional fluoride treatment within the previous 3 months.\n* Systemically healthy children.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of oral diseases, including periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, or oral mucosal diseases.\n* History of autoimmune disease.\n* Antibiotic use within the previous 3 months.\n* Consumption of tannin-containing beverages (e.g., tea, coffee, or similar beverages) within the previous 1 month.","4 Years","13 Years",{"count":347,"type":23},56,[84],"The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the effect of erythritol air-polishing and conventional polishing following ultrasonic scaling on the relapse of chromogenic tooth staining in children aged 4-13 years attending the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry for routine dental examination.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\n* Does erythritol air-polishing reduce the relapse of chromogenic tooth staining compared with conventional polishing following ultrasonic scaling?\n* Is there a difference in the time to relapse of chromogenic tooth staining between the two polishing techniques?\n\nResearchers will compare conventional polishing (prophylaxis paste and a polishing brush) following ultrasonic scaling with erythritol air-polishing performed using the EMS air-polishing device following ultrasonic scaling to determine whether one method is more effective in preventing or delaying the relapse of chromogenic tooth staining.",[351],"Black Staining",[353,354,355,356,357],"guided biofilm therapy","polishing","tooth discoloration","air polishing","ultrasonic scaling","2026-07-22",{"date":270,"type":39},{"date":361,"type":23},"2026-07-07",{"date":363,"type":23},"2028-02-28",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":366,"slug":367,"hasResults":12,"nctId":368,"briefTitle":369,"officialTitle":370,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":371,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":372,"enrollmentInfo":373,"targetDuration":207,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":375,"conditions":376,"keywords":382,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":358,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":390,"startDateStruct":391,"completionDateStruct":393,"leadSponsor":395,"locationsCount":47},"100648918","clinical-effects-of-intraoperative-heat-and-moisture-exchange-systems-during-thoracic-surgery-a-prospective-observational-cohort-study-100648918","NCT07729319","Clinical Effects of Intraoperative Heat and Moisture Exchange Systems During Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study","Clinical Effects of Active Versus Passive Intraoperative Respiratory Gas Humidification During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective Single-Center Observational Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18 to 75 years\n* Elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)\n* Lung resection requiring general anesthesia\n* Planned one-lung ventilation\n* Written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Emergency surgery\n* Pregnancy\n* Preoperative mechanical ventilation\n* Previous enrollment\n* Refusal to participate","75 Years",{"count":374,"type":23},200,"General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation bypasses the physiological warming and humidification functions of the upper airway, allowing cold and dry gases to reach the lower respiratory tract. This may impair mucociliary clearance, increase secretion viscosity, promote atelectasis, and contribute to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).\n\nPatients undergoing thoracic surgery, particularly those requiring one-lung ventilation (OLV), are at increased risk for PPCs because of altered ventilation-perfusion matching, reduced functional residual capacity, and impaired secretion clearance. Although respiratory gas humidification is routinely used during anesthesia, evidence regarding the comparative clinical effects of active heated humidification (AHH) and passive heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) during thoracic surgery remains limited.\n\nThis prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between intraoperative respiratory gas humidification methods and postoperative pulmonary complications and perioperative clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).",[377,378,379,380,381],"Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)","Postoperative Complications","Pulmonary Complications in Surgical Patients","Humidification","Air Conditioning",[383,384,380,385,386,387,388,389,381],"VATS","Postoperative complications","Thoracic Surgery","Pulmonary Complications","One-Lung Ventilation","Heat and Moisture Exchanger","HME",{"date":301,"type":39},{"date":392,"type":23},"2026-07-25",{"date":394,"type":23},"2027-04",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":397,"slug":398,"hasResults":12,"nctId":399,"briefTitle":400,"officialTitle":401,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":402,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":233,"maxAge":403,"enrollmentInfo":404,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":406,"briefSummary":407,"conditions":408,"keywords":411,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":414,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":415,"startDateStruct":416,"completionDateStruct":418,"leadSponsor":420,"locationsCount":47},"100648789","clinical-evaluation-of-the-retention-of-fissure-sealants-applied-following-guided-biofilm-therapy-and-conventional-polishing-100648789","NCT07725133","Clinical Evaluation of the Retention of Fissure Sealants Applied Following Guided Biofilm Therapy and Conventional Polishing","Clinical Evaluation of the Retention of Fissure Sealants Applied Following Guided Biofilm Therapy and Conventional Polishing: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children aged 6-10 years presenting to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, for routine dental treatment.\n* Systemically healthy individuals classified as ASA I.\n* Children who are cooperative and able to maintain communication throughout the clinical procedure.\n* Presence of at least two comparable permanent first molars with unrestored occlusal surfaces that are either caries-free or have initial lesions limited to the pit and fissure level.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals with systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, epilepsy, cardiovascular diseases), classified as ASA II or higher.\n\nIndividuals who have used antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or immunosuppressive medications within the past 3 months.\n\n* Children who are unable to communicate due to emotional, psychological, or developmental disorders.\n* Individuals with previously placed pit and fissure sealants on their permanent first molars.\n* Presence of deep carious lesions, restorations, or structural defects such as molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the teeth planned for inclusion in the study.","10 Years",{"count":405,"type":23},80,[84],"This randomized split-mouth clinical trial will compare two methods of occlusal surface cleaning before pit and fissure sealant placement in children aged 6-10 years.\n\nIn each participant, eligible permanent first molars will receive either erythritol-based Guided Biofilm Therapy or conventional rotary-brush polishing before phosphoric acid etching and placement of the same resin-based sealant. Each child will receive both interventions on opposite sides of the mouth.\n\nThe sealants will be followed for up to 36 months to determine whether the surface-cleaning method influences sealant retention and clinical performance. Procedure-related discomfort will also be compared between the two methods.",[409,410],"Pit and Fissure Sealant Retention","Dental Caries",[353,412,413],"airflowing","fissure sealant","2026-07-21",{"date":331,"type":39},{"date":417,"type":23},"2026-07-20",{"date":419,"type":23},"2029-10-20",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":422,"slug":423,"hasResults":12,"nctId":424,"briefTitle":425,"officialTitle":425,"acronym":426,"eligibilityCriteria":427,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":285,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":428,"targetDuration":430,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":431,"conditions":432,"keywords":434,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":414,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":443,"startDateStruct":444,"completionDateStruct":446,"leadSponsor":447,"locationsCount":47},"100648704","ultrasonographic-evaluation-and-pedobarographic-correlation-of-lower-extremity-muscles-in-lipedema-patients-100648704","NCT07724483","Ultrasonographic Evaluation and Pedobarographic Correlation of Lower Extremity Muscles in Lipedema Patients","PODUSG","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female patients aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with lipedema by a clinician.\n* To agree to participate in the research.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Positivity of Stemmer's sign (inability to compress the skin between the proximal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd fingers)\n* Patients with Heart Failure\n* Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease\n* Motor neuron diseases or myositis\n* Diseases causing myositis\n* Patients diagnosed with polyneuropathy\n* Patients with motor-involved L3, L4, L5, or S1 radiculopathy\n* Those unable to ambulate independently\n* Those who cannot tolerate the assessments\n* Pregnant women\n* Congenital or traumatic lower extremity disorders (e.g., developmental hip dysplasia, previous lower extremity fractures with orthopaedic implants).",{"count":429,"type":23},90,"1 Day","This study aims to investigate the relationship between lower extremity muscle\u002Ftendon characteristics and walking\u002Fbalance functions in women with lipedema. Lipedema is a condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation that can lead to walking difficulties and joint problems. We will use ultrasonography to measure muscle thickness and tendon structures, and a pedobarography system to analyze foot pressure distribution during standing and walking. By comparing 45 patients with 45 healthy volunteers, we aim to identify the musculoskeletal causes of gait disorders in lipedema to help develop better prevention and treatment strategies",[433],"Lipedema",[433,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442],"Pedobarography","Musculoskeletal Ultrasound","Rectus Femoris","Gastrocnemius","Posterior Tibialis","Gluteus Medius","Achilles","STAR",{"date":331,"type":39},{"date":445,"type":39},"2026-07-15",{"date":125,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":449,"slug":450,"hasResults":12,"nctId":451,"briefTitle":452,"officialTitle":453,"acronym":454,"eligibilityCriteria":455,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":285,"minAge":19,"maxAge":372,"enrollmentInfo":456,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":458,"conditions":459,"keywords":460,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":414,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":466,"startDateStruct":467,"completionDateStruct":469,"leadSponsor":471,"locationsCount":472},"100648635","turkish-validation-of-the-rapprich-lipedema-symptomatic-assessment-questionnaire-100648635","NCT07725146","Turkish Validation of the Rapprich Lipedema Symptomatic Assessment Questionnaire","Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Rapprich Lipedema Symptomatic Assessment Questionnaire","RapprichTR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female patients aged 18-75.\n* Diagnosed with lipedema by a clinician.\n* Willingness to participate and sign the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Positive Stemmer sign or presence of advanced-stage lymphedema.\n* Diagnosis of Heart Failure.\n* Chronic Kidney Disease.\n* Pregnancy.\n* BMI \\> 50 kg\u002Fm².",{"count":457,"type":23},180,"Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation, primarily in the lower extremities, affecting women. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Rapprich Lipedema Symptomatic Assessment Questionnaire, which was originally developed by Rapprich et al. in 2010. Since a validated Turkish version is currently unavailable, this research will provide a standardized tool for clinicians to assess symptomatic severity in Turkish-speaking lipedema patients.",[433],[433,461,462,463,464,465,169],"Rapprich Questionnaire","Symptom Assessment","Turkish","Cultural Adaptation","Adipose Tissue Diseases",{"date":331,"type":39},{"date":468,"type":39},"2026-07-17",{"date":470,"type":23},"2027-03-15",{"name":45,"class":46},2,{"id":474,"slug":475,"hasResults":12,"nctId":476,"briefTitle":477,"officialTitle":478,"acronym":479,"eligibilityCriteria":480,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":285,"minAge":481,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":482,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":483,"briefSummary":484,"conditions":485,"keywords":492,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":417,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":493,"startDateStruct":494,"completionDateStruct":496,"leadSponsor":497,"locationsCount":4},"100623836","fascial-yoga-in-menopausal-women-100623836","NCT07401810","Fascial Yoga in Menopausal Women","The Effect of Fascial Yoga on Perceived Stress, Cognitive Control, and Cognitive Flexibility in Menopausal Women","FascialYogaM","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female participants aged 45-65 years\n* In the menopausal period, defined as at least 12 months since the last menstrual period\n* Able to read and understand Turkish and to complete self-report questionnaires\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Current or past diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder or ongoing psychiatric treatment\n* Regular use of antidepressant, anxiolytic, or corticosteroid medications\n* History of cancer or currently receiving active oncological treatment\n* Participation in fascial yoga, yoga, or similar yoga-based programs within the past 6 months\n* Any medical condition that may prevent safe participation in mild physical activity","45 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},[84],"Aim:\n\nThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a structured fascial yoga-based behavioral intervention on perceived stress, cognitive control, and cognitive flexibility in menopausal women. The study aims to determine whether a non-pharmacological and non-invasive behavioral intervention can support psychological and cognitive functioning and reduce perceived stress in menopausal women.\n\nDesign:\n\nThis study is designed as a randomized controlled, pretest-posttest experimental study with a post-intervention follow-up assessment. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group receiving usual care. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at follow-up to evaluate both the immediate and sustained effects of the intervention.\n\nMethod:\n\nA total of 60 menopausal women aged 45-65 years will be recruited from the menopause outpatient clinic and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in a 12-week online fascial yoga program consisting of two 60-minute sessions per week.\n\nIn this study, fascial yoga is defined as a fascia-focused, non-pharmacological, and non-invasive behavioral intervention that includes myofascial release techniques, breath regulation, body awareness, and basic yoga practices to support stress regulation and cognitive functioning. The program will include myofascial release techniques, basic yoga postures suitable for all physical fitness levels, and structured breathing exercises. All sessions will be conducted online in a group format, and no audio or video recordings will be taken.\n\nThe control group will continue to receive routine outpatient care during the study period. After completion of the follow-up assessments, the fascial yoga program will be offered to participants in the control group upon request.\n\nData will be collected at three time points: at baseline before the intervention, immediately after completion of the 12-week intervention, and at the follow-up assessment 8 weeks after the intervention. Perceived stress, cognitive control, and cognitive flexibility will be assessed using validated self-report questionnaires.\n\nHypotheses:\n\nH1: Menopausal women participating in the fascial yoga intervention will show a significant reduction in perceived stress levels compared with the control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments.\n\nH2: Menopausal women participating in the fascial yoga intervention will show a significant improvement in cognitive control and cognitive flexibility compared with the control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments.",[294,486,487,488,246,489,490,491],"Stress, Psychological","Cognitive Flexibility","Nonpharmacological Interventions","Cognitive Control","Perceived Stress","Yoga",[294,490,487,489,491],{"date":358,"type":39},{"date":495,"type":23},"2026-07-01",{"date":197,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":499,"slug":500,"hasResults":12,"nctId":501,"briefTitle":502,"officialTitle":503,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":504,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":261,"maxAge":234,"enrollmentInfo":505,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":507,"briefSummary":508,"conditions":509,"keywords":515,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":468,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":522,"startDateStruct":523,"completionDateStruct":524,"leadSponsor":526,"locationsCount":47},"100644489","think-find-solve-activities-for-insulin-self-management-in-type-1-diabetes-100644489","NCT07670572","Think-Find-Solve Activities for Insulin Self-Management in Type 1 Diabetes","The Effect of Think-Find-Solve Activities on Insulin Self-Management in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* For the child:\n\nDiagnosed with Type 1 diabetes Aged between 8 and 12 years Able to read and write Able to understand and speak Turkish Diagnosed with diabetes for at least one year Regularly attending routine three-month outpatient clinic follow-ups Having no other diseases or medical conditions aside from diabetes The child agrees to participate in the study\n\n-For the Parent: Being the mother or father of the child with Type 1 diabetes Being the primary caregiver responsible for the child Able to read and write Agrees to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nThe child uses an insulin pump\n\n\\-",{"count":506,"type":23},40,[84],"Children with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy. However, improper management of insulin therapy may lead to serious, potentially life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of an activity book developed for insulin therapy on insulin self-management among children with type 1 diabetes and their parents. The study is designed as a cluster randomized controlled experimental trial at the center level, including pre-test, 1- month, and 3-month follow-up measurements. The study will be initiated after obtaining ethical approval and institutional permissions. The sample will consist of children aged 8-12 years with type 1 diabetes and their parents. The study will be conducted in two different hospitals in Istanbul; using cluster randomization, one hospital will be assigned to the intervention group and the other to the control group. Prior to the main study, a pilot study will be conducted with 15 participants in each group, and the sample size will be calculated using G\\*Power based on the pilot data. Data will be collected using the \"Descriptive Information Form for Children with Diabetes\" and the \"Insulin Treatment Self-Management Scale (ITSMS) - Child (8-18 years) and Parent Forms.\" The \"Find-Solve-Learn Insulin Self-Management Activity Book\" will be applied to the children in the intervention group. The children will be monitored to complete the activity book at least twice a month for three months, and feedback will be obtained from their families regarding the process. The data collection process will include pre-test, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up measurements. The obtained data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.",[510,244,511,512,513,514],"Type 1 Diabetes","Activity","Insulin","Self Management","Parent",[516,517,518,519,520,521],"type 1 diabetes","children","activity","insulin","self management","parent",{"date":417,"type":39},{"date":445,"type":23},{"date":525,"type":23},"2027-06-15",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":528,"slug":529,"hasResults":12,"nctId":530,"briefTitle":531,"officialTitle":532,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":533,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":261,"maxAge":345,"enrollmentInfo":534,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":536,"conditions":537,"keywords":538,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":541,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":542,"startDateStruct":544,"completionDateStruct":546,"leadSponsor":547,"locationsCount":47},"100645520","assessment-of-peridontal-inflamatuar-markers-in-mih-100645520","NCT07701642","Assessment of Peridontal Inflamatuar Markers in MIH","Investigation of Periodontal Inflammatory Mediators in Permanent Molars Affected by Molar-incisor Hypomineralization","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Systemically healthy children aged 8-13 years (both sexes).\n* Children who demonstrate adequate cooperation for dental treatment and study procedures (Frankl Behavior Rating Scale score ≥3).\n* Study group: Children with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affecting at least three permanent first molars and requiring initial periodontal treatment for gingivitis.\n* Control group: Children without molar-incisor hypomineralization who require initial periodontal treatment for gingivitis.\n* Presence of gingivitis requiring initial periodontal therapy.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Use of antibiotics within the previous 1 month.\n* Radiographic evidence of periodontal destruction.\n* History of periodontal treatment within the previous 3 months.\n* Presence of systemic, chronic, or metabolic diseases.\n* Ongoing active orthodontic treatment.\n* Developmental enamel defects other than molar-incisor hypomineralization.\n* History of premature birth.",{"count":535,"type":23},76,"The goal of this observational study is to investigate periodontal inflammatory mediators in systemically healthy children aged 8-13 years with and without molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) who require initial periodontal treatment due to gingivitis.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nAre the levels of periodontal inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid different between children with MIH and those without MIH? Is the presence and severity of MIH associated with clinical periodontal parameters and dentin hypersensitivity?\n\nResearchers will compare children with MIH to children without MIH to determine whether MIH is associated with changes in periodontal inflammatory mediator levels and periodontal clinical findings.",[268],[539,540],"periodontal inflammatory markers","first permenant molars","2026-07-08",{"date":543,"type":39},"2026-07-14",{"date":545,"type":23},"2026-07-16",{"date":276,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":549,"slug":550,"hasResults":12,"nctId":551,"briefTitle":552,"officialTitle":552,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":553,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":372,"enrollmentInfo":554,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":556,"briefSummary":557,"conditions":558,"keywords":559,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":361,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":563,"startDateStruct":565,"completionDateStruct":566,"leadSponsor":568,"locationsCount":47},"100632123","comparison-of-single--and-double-level-radiofrequency-ablation-for-chronic-coccydynia-100632123","NCT07509593","Comparison of Single- and Double-Level Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Coccydynia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with coccygeal pain lasting longer than 2 months\n* Patients who experienced significant pain relief (≥50% reduction) after a ganglion impar block performed within the last 6 months, but whose pain has subsequently recurred\n* Patients who provide informed consent to participate in the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Acute coccydynia (pain duration less than 2 months)\n* Patients who did not achieve significant benefit (\\\u003C50% pain reduction) from prior ganglion impar block\n* Patients with severe neurological or psychiatric disorders that impair communication or ability to follow instructions",{"count":555,"type":23},50,[84],"This study aims to compare two commonly used radiofrequency ablation (RFA) techniques for the treatment of chronic tailbone (coccyx) pain, also known as coccydynia. Chronic coccydynia can significantly impair daily activities and reduce quality of life, particularly in patients who do not respond adequately to conservative treatments. Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to receive either a single-level or double-level radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure targeting the coccygeal nerve pathways. These procedures are minimally invasive and are routinely performed in pain management practice. The primary objective of the study is to determine which technique provides superior pain relief and functional improvement. Patients will be followed for up to two months after the procedure, and pain intensity and quality of life will be evaluated using validated outcome measures. The results of this study may help optimize interventional treatment strategies for patients suffering from chronic coccydynia.",[163],[166,560,561,562],"Ganglion impar","Radiofrequency ablation","Interventional pain management",{"date":564,"type":39},"2026-07-09",{"date":195,"type":39},{"date":567,"type":23},"2027-11",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":570,"slug":571,"hasResults":12,"nctId":572,"briefTitle":573,"officialTitle":574,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":575,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":576,"maxAge":577,"enrollmentInfo":578,"targetDuration":207,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":579,"conditions":580,"keywords":583,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":596,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":597,"startDateStruct":598,"completionDateStruct":600,"leadSponsor":602,"locationsCount":47},"100645949","spsipb-versus-sapb-for-postoperative-analgesia-after-minimally-invasive-repair-of-pectus-excavatum-100645949","NCT07697222","SPSIPB Versus SAPB for Postoperative Analgesia After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum","Comparison of the Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 15 to 25 years\n* Diagnosis of pectus excavatum\n* Scheduled to undergo minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum under general anesthesia\n* Receipt of either bilateral serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block or bilateral serratus anterior plane block as part of routine perioperative analgesic care\n* Written informed consent obtained from the patient or, for patients younger than 18 years, from a legal guardian\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refusal to participate in the study\n* Contraindication to regional anesthesia\n* Known allergy to local anesthetics or study analgesic medications\n* Chronic opioid use\n* Pre-existing chronic pain syndrome\n* Coagulopathy or use of anticoagulant therapy that contraindicates regional block application\n* Local infection at the block injection site\n* Neurological or psychiatric condition that may interfere with pain assessment\n* Incomplete perioperative or postoperative data\n* Conversion to another surgical technique or major intraoperative complication requiring a change in the routine analgesic protocol","15 Years","25 Years",{"count":405,"type":23},"This prospective observational cohort study will compare postoperative analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Participants will be grouped according to the regional analgesia technique applied as part of routine clinical care: serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block or serratus anterior plane block. The primary outcome will be total opioid consumption during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes will include postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesic requirement, opioid-related adverse effects, patient satisfaction, mobilization time, and length of hospital stay.",[581,582],"Pectus Excavatum","Chest Deformities",[584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595],"Pectus excavatum","Serratus Anterior Plane Block","Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block","Opioid-Free Anesthesia","Multimodal Analgesia","SAP Block","SPSIP Block","Postoperative Pain","Opioid-Related Adverse Effects","Opioid Consumption","Chest Deformity Surgery","Regional Anesthesia","2026-07-06",{"date":102,"type":39},{"date":599,"type":39},"2026-06-22",{"date":601,"type":23},"2027-06",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":604,"slug":605,"hasResults":12,"nctId":606,"briefTitle":607,"officialTitle":607,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":608,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":372,"enrollmentInfo":609,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":611,"conditions":612,"keywords":614,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":622,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":623,"startDateStruct":625,"completionDateStruct":627,"leadSponsor":628,"locationsCount":47},"100645245","the-effect-of-bottle-pep-exercise-on-expiratory-muscle-thickness-strength-and-balance-parameters-in-parkinsons-disease-patients-100645245","NCT07680725","The Effect of Bottle PEP Exercise on Expiratory Muscle Thickness, Strength, and Balance Parameters in Parkinson's Disease Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with a confirmed Parkinson's diagnosis who are being monitored\n* Those aged 18-75\n* Patients who are ambulatory\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with acquired primary motor neuron disease (ischemic\u002Fhemorrhagic stroke, intracranial mass) and additional neurological diagnoses\n* Patients with hearing and cognitive impairments that prevent them from understanding or performing the exercise program\n* Presence of concomitant acute or chronic lung disease\n* History of thoracic or abdominal surgery\n* Severe heart disease\n* Active cancer\n* Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 24\n* Active smoking",{"count":610,"type":23},42,"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rigidity, tremor, postural instability, bradykinesia, and autonomic dysfunction. It is a common movement disorder worldwide. Motor impairments in PD patients are not limited to the muscles of the extremities; the neck, upper respiratory tract, and respiratory muscles are also affected. The resulting pulmonary dysfunction is one of the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in PD patients.\n\nRespiratory muscle exercise programs have been used to improve lung and swallowing function in patients with Parkinson's disease and other similar neurodegenerative disorders. Studies of inspiratory muscle exercise in Parkinson's patients have reported improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. Similarly, expiratory muscle exercise protocols have been shown to increase maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and cough effectiveness. However, studies on expiratory muscle strengthening are lacking in the literature.\n\nPositive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices are used to clear airway secretions and feature a resistance that provides resistance during exhalation. This creates a positive pressure that stabilizes the airways during exhalation and prevents airway collapse. Although there are many PEP devices available on the market, the bottle-PEP, a therapist-made device, is used because it can be produced easily and at low cost. The bottle-PEP device consists of a bottle filled with at least 10 cm of water and a tube placed inside the bottle. Although information on strengthening expiratory muscles is traditionally found in the literature, there is no data in the literature on the effect of bottle-PEP use on expiratory muscle strength, especially in Parkinson's patients. A review of the literature shows that the effect of expiratory strengthening on balance has not been studied before.\n\nThis study aimed to demonstrate the effects of the bottle-PEP device, used in addition to expiratory muscle strengthening, on expiratory muscle thickness, strength, and balance.",[613],"Parkinson Disease (PD)",[615,616,617,618,619,620,621],"Parkinson","Parkinson disease","diaphragm thickness","inspiratory muscle","respiratory exercises","bottle-PEP","balance","2026-06-29",{"date":624,"type":39},"2026-07-02",{"date":626,"type":39},"2025-10-01",{"date":307,"type":23},{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":630,"slug":631,"hasResults":12,"nctId":632,"briefTitle":633,"officialTitle":634,"acronym":635,"eligibilityCriteria":636,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":637,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":82,"phases":639,"briefSummary":640,"conditions":641,"keywords":644,"overallStatus":35,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":654,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":655,"startDateStruct":656,"completionDateStruct":658,"leadSponsor":660,"locationsCount":47},"100644795","local-dexamethasone-administration-in-symptomatic-irreversible-pulpitis-100644795","NCT07672873","Local Dexamethasone Administration in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis","Comparison of the Effects of Submucosal and Intraligamentary Dexamethasone Administration on Anesthetic Success and Pain Control in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","SIPDEX","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18 to 65 years.\n* ASA I or ASA II systemic health status.\n* Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in a mandibular molar tooth.\n* Positive response to pulp sensibility tests.\n* Preoperative pain score greater than 54 mm on the Heft-Parker Visual Analog Scale (HP-VAS).\n* Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy or lactation.\n* Allergy or contraindication to articaine, dexamethasone, or study-related medications.\n* Use of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics within the previous 12 hours.\n* Presence of periapical radiolucency or diagnosis of pulpal necrosis.\n* Significant systemic disease (ASA III or higher).\n* Inability to complete pain assessment forms or follow study procedures.",{"count":638,"type":23},84,[84],"Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is associated with a high incidence of inadequate pulpal anesthesia during endodontic treatment, particularly in mandibular molar teeth. Failure to achieve profound anesthesia may result in increased intraoperative pain and patient discomfort. Corticosteroids have been suggested as adjunctive agents to improve pain control and reduce inflammatory responses; however, the influence of different local administration techniques on anesthetic success and postoperative pain remains unclear.\n\nThe aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial is to compare the effects of submucosal and intraligamentary dexamethasone administration on anesthetic success and pain control in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A total of 84 participants requiring root canal treatment of mandibular first or second molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) followed by submucosal saline injection (control group), (2) IANB followed by submucosal dexamethasone injection, and (3) IANB followed by intraligamentary dexamethasone injection.\n\nAll participants will receive standardized endodontic treatment under local anesthesia. The primary outcome measure is anesthetic success during access cavity preparation and pulp extirpation. Secondary outcome measures include postoperative pain intensity at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and postoperative analgesic consumption. The results of this study may provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of different local dexamethasone administration techniques and contribute to improved pain management strategies in endodontic practice.",[642,643],"Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP)","Dental Pain",[645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653],"Inferior alveolar nerve block","Dexamethasone","Submucosal injection","Intraligamentary injection","Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis","Endodontic treatment","Postoperative pain","Heft-Parker Visual Analog Scale","HP-VAS","2026-06-26",{"date":622,"type":39},{"date":657,"type":39},"2026-06-15",{"date":659,"type":23},"2026-12-18",{"name":45,"class":46},{"id":662,"slug":663,"hasResults":12,"nctId":664,"briefTitle":665,"officialTitle":665,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":666,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":372,"enrollmentInfo":667,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":4,"briefSummary":669,"conditions":670,"keywords":672,"overallStatus":121,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":599,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":676,"startDateStruct":677,"completionDateStruct":678,"leadSponsor":680,"locationsCount":47},"100644571","ultrasonographic-evaluation-of-morphological-and-functional-characteristics-of-intercostal-muscles-in-stroke-patients-and-their-relationship-with-clinical-parameters-100644571","NCT07670585","Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Intercostal Muscles in Stroke Patients and Their Relationship With Clinical Parameters","Inclusion Criteria (Stroke Group):\n\n* Age between 18 and 75 years.\n* History of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.\n* Ability to understand and comply with study procedures.\n* Provision of written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria (Stroke Group):\n\n* Presence of acute or chronic pulmonary disease.\n* History of thoracic or abdominal surgery.\n* Presence of another neuromuscular disorder.\n* Aphasia or cognitive impairment preventing participation in assessments.\n* Active malignancy.\n\nInclusion Criteria (Healthy Control Group):\n\n* Age between 18 and 75 years.\n* Willingness to participate in the study.\n* Provision of written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria (Healthy Control Group):\n\n* History of stroke or other neurological disorders.\n* History of chronic respiratory disease (e.g., COPD, asthma).\n* Chest wall deformity.\n* Presence of systemic diseases that may affect muscle function.",{"count":668,"type":23},65,"The aim of this study is to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of parasternal intercostal muscles in patients with stroke using ultrasonography. Parasternal intercostal muscle thickness and thickening fraction will be assessed on both the hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic sides. The relationship between ultrasonographic findings and respiratory muscle strength, motor function, balance, functional independence, and quality of life will also be investigated. A healthy control group will be included to establish reference values and enable comparative analyses.",[671],"Stroke",[673,674,675,617],"stroke","intercostal muscle thickness","interkostal muscle thickening",{"date":654,"type":39},{"date":445,"type":23},{"date":679,"type":23},"2026-10-01",{"name":45,"class":46},""]