[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"cognition\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:cognition":32},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,100,0,25,[9,56,83,114,175,199,230,268,301,321,351,463,485,512,539,563,590,625,652,677,697,736,755,782,813],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":25,"briefSummary":27,"conditions":28,"keywords":34,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":44,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":45,"startDateStruct":48,"completionDateStruct":50,"leadSponsor":52,"locationsCount":55},"100651252","the-effects-of-tyrosol-and-creatine-on-exercise-performance-and-cognition-in-healthy-adults-100651252",false,"NCT07756658","The Effects of Tyrosol and Creatine on Exercise Performance and Cognition in Healthy Adults","The Effects of Tyrosol and Creatine on Exercise Performance and Cognition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy males aged 20-55\n* Currently active (engaged in moderate to vigorous activity at least 2-days per week as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines)\n* Estimated VO2 max greater than the 40th percentile of the population norm for age (assessed via ACSM guidelines, 2014). The VO2 max estimation at screening will be obtained by following a non-exercise regression model validated and described by Bradshaw et al. (2005).\n* Able to read and write in English\n* During the study, agree not to take any other supplements that may increase muscle strength or endurance (e.g. protein formulas, creatine, amino acids, tyrosol or stimulants other than caffeine).\n* During the study, subjects will not deviate from their normal daily routine unless it conflicts with study criteria. This includes maintaining their present workout routine and diet, without substantial changes.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known diagnosis of any cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, or renal disease\n* Uncontrolled stage II hypertension or higher\n* Recent musculoskeletal injury (\\\u003C3-months)\n* Recent orthopaedic surgery (\\\u003C12-months)\n* History of or current malignancy\n* Previous gastrointestinal surgery within the past 12 months\n* Regular smoker\n* Regular drinker (\\>14 drinks per week)\n* Current use (within the past 5 weeks) of creatine supplements\n* Current use (within past 3 months) of Tyrosol supplementation\n* Current use of dietary supplements that may enhance mitochondrial function, muscle hypertrophy, or muscle strength (e.g. protein formulas, creatine, amino acids, tyrosol, etc.).\n* Current use of prescription medications that may influence adaptation to exercise (hormone therapies, peptides, etc.)",true,"MALE","20 Years","55 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},60,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[26],"NA","This study will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It will be conducted over a 8-week intervention investigating the effects of creatine (5g Creatine monohydrate); placebo control (5g resistant dextrin), and a combination group containing both creatine and tyrosol (5g creatine monohydrate + 150mg tyrosol\u002Fday). Endurance, strength, cognition, and fatigue resistance will be examined through repeated strength and endurance testing (described below).\n\nParticipants who pass initial screening will be invited on-site for day one (Visit 1) of testing where the participants will proceed with a series of tests which will include the following: (1) body composition; (2) mood and cognitive testing; (3) full-body strength testing; (4) 5RM (repetition maximum) bench press, leading to multiple sets of bench press (based on the previous weight) completed to failure; (5) finally, a time to exhaustion endurance test will be conducted followed by (6) repeat cognitive testing.\n\nAfter the 8-week supplementation period (\\~56-60 days), all original measures will be repeated as before in the same order (Visit 2). Approximately 24 hours later (Visit 3) participants will complete a questionnaire for muscle soreness remotely, and again at 48 hours post-Visit 2 (visit 4).",[29,30,31,32,33],"Tyrosol","Creatine","Endurance Performance","Cognition","Mood",[35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42],"tyrosol","creatine","muscle strength","muscle endurance","muscle soreness","muscle performance","cognition","mood","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-19",{"date":46,"type":47},"2026-08-21","ACTUAL",{"date":49,"type":23},"2026-08-17",{"date":51,"type":23},"2026-12-17",{"name":53,"class":54},"Applied Science & Performance Institute","INDUSTRY",1,{"id":57,"slug":58,"hasResults":12,"nctId":59,"briefTitle":60,"officialTitle":60,"acronym":61,"eligibilityCriteria":62,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":65,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":67,"briefSummary":68,"conditions":69,"keywords":70,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":73,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":74,"startDateStruct":76,"completionDateStruct":78,"leadSponsor":80,"locationsCount":55},"100652240","targeted-assessment-of-cognition-and-tactical-performance-with-ingested-ketones-100652240","NCT07771790","Targeted Assessment of Cognition and Tactical-performance With Ingested Ketones","TACTIK","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active Member of an accredited Law Enforcement Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT)\n* Health and capable of meeting testing requirements\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Following a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet\n* Self-reported Pregnancy\n* Allergy to testing materials\n* Currently using exogenous ketone supplements within one week of testing","ALL","18 Years",{"count":66,"type":23},20,[26],"The goal of this study is to determine whether consuming a commercially available exogenous ketone supplement (KetoneIQ®) affects cognition, specifically marksmanship, under physical stress (i.e., exhaustive exercise).\n\nThe main questions we seek to answer are:\n\n* Does the supplement save cognitive performance under stress compared to a placebo?\n* Does the supplement improve marksmanship under stress compared to a placebo?",[32],[71,32,72],"Exogenous Ketones","Tactical Athlete","2026-08-14",{"date":75,"type":47},"2026-08-18",{"date":77,"type":23},"2026-09-01",{"date":79,"type":23},"2027-05-31",{"name":81,"class":82},"Florida State University","OTHER",{"id":84,"slug":85,"hasResults":12,"nctId":86,"briefTitle":87,"officialTitle":88,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":89,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":90,"enrollmentInfo":91,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":93,"phases":4,"briefSummary":94,"conditions":95,"keywords":102,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":106,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":107,"startDateStruct":108,"completionDateStruct":110,"leadSponsor":112,"locationsCount":55},"100651643","establishing-normal-cognitive-test-scores-for-adults-using-a-voice-enabled-digital-testing-platform-across-the-lifespan-100651643","NCT07763392","Establishing Normal Cognitive Test Scores for Adults Using a Voice-Enabled Digital Testing Platform Across the Lifespan","Establishment of Age-, Sex-, and Education-Stratified Normative Data for a Fully Digital Voice-Recognized Neurocognitive Testing Platform in Adults Aged 18-100 Years","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18 to 100 years at the time of enrollment.\n* Able to read, speak, and understand English sufficiently to complete all study procedures.\n* Able and willing to provide informed consent.\n* Adequate hearing, speech, and vision (with corrective devices if needed) to complete computerized voice-recognition cognitive testing.\n* Able to independently complete the digital cognitive assessment using a computer, tablet, or smartphone with internet access (or at a supervised study site if applicable).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known Cognitive Impairment Self-reported or previously diagnosed cognitive impairment, memory disorder, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia.\n* Neurological Disease or Brain Injury History of a neurological condition or brain injury that, in the opinion of the investigator, may adversely affect cognitive performance.\n* Psychiatric Illness Current or untreated psychiatric illness that may significantly influence cognitive testing performance.\n* Substance Use or Cognitive-Impacting Medications Current use of substances or medications known to significantly impair cognition or recent substance use that could affect test validity.\n* Sensory or Communication Limitations Inadequate English proficiency or speech, hearing, or visual impairments that would prevent valid completion of the digital cognitive assessment.\n* Functional or Medical Conditions Affecting Cognition Medical conditions or functional impairments that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with accurate assessment of normal cognitive performance.\n* Investigator Discretion Any other condition or circumstance that, in the judgment of the Principal Investigator, would compromise participant safety, study compliance, or the validity of the normative dataset.","100 Years",{"count":92,"type":23},1000,"OBSERVATIONAL","Trial weblink: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.memoryexam.com\u002Fjob\u002Fnorms\u002F\n\nParticipants enrolled in this study will complete a single-session, non-invasive, computerized cognitive assessment administered through a secure, web-based digital platform. The purpose of the study is to establish normative cognitive performance data from healthy adults aged 18-100 years and develop age-, sex-, and education-adjusted reference values for the digital assessment platform. This is an observational study and does not involve any therapeutic intervention, investigational treatment, or alteration of routine medical care.\n\nFollowing electronic informed consent, participants will complete a standardized screening questionnaire to determine eligibility. The questionnaire collects demographic information, education, English language proficiency, medical and neurological history, psychiatric history, medication use, substance use, sleep history, and self-reported cognitive concerns. Standardized mood screening instruments (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) are also administered. Individuals meeting predefined exclusion criteria that could significantly influence cognitive performance will not be included in the normative dataset.\n\nEligible participants will then complete a digital cognitive assessment battery using standardized visual and auditory instructions. The platform utilizes automated voice-recognition technology to capture spoken responses and standardized algorithms to score performance, eliminating the need for examiner scoring and ensuring consistent administration across participants. Total study participation, including consent, screening, and testing, is approximately 30 to 45 minutes.\n\nThe cognitive battery evaluates multiple cognitive domains commonly assessed during neuropsychological examinations. Language abilities are assessed through phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks, measuring the ability to rapidly generate words within specified categories. Confrontation naming is evaluated using digitally presented images that participants identify verbally. Learning and memory are assessed through immediate and delayed verbal recall tasks, including recognition memory measures. Attention and working memory are evaluated using forward and backward digit span tasks. Executive functioning and attention are further assessed using a brief computerized problem-solving task. Equivalent alternate versions of selected tasks may be administered to minimize practice effects while measuring the same cognitive domains. All assessments are brief, non-invasive, and completed using spoken responses.\n\nThe platform automatically records participant responses, response timing, and scoring metrics. Voice recordings are collected solely to support automated scoring and quality assurance. All electronic data are transmitted using encrypted connections and stored within HIPAA-aligned cloud infrastructure. Personally identifiable information is stored separately from cognitive performance data using unique study identification numbers, and only authorized study personnel have access to identifiable information. De-identified data will be used to generate normative reference values.\n\nA subset of approximately 100 participants may be invited to complete a second assessment 2-4 weeks after the initial visit to evaluate test-retest reliability. Participation in this follow-up assessment is voluntary.\n\nParticipants will not receive diagnostic results or individualized interpretations of their performance because the study is intended solely to establish normative reference data. If responses on the PHQ-9 suggest potential acute self-harm risk, the platform will provide crisis resources and notify the study team in accordance with the study safety procedures.\n\nThe primary outcome of the study is the development of age-, sex-, and education-adjusted normative reference values for the digital cognitive assessment platform, supporting standardized interpretation of future assessments in clinical and research settings.",[32,96,97,98,99,100,101],"Cognition Disorders","Cognition - Other","Dementia","Alzheimer Disease","Memory","Neurocognition",[100,32,98,103,104],"Alzheimer's Disease","Normal","RECRUITING","2026-08-13",{"date":49,"type":47},{"date":109,"type":47},"2026-03-23",{"date":111,"type":23},"2027-03-23",{"name":113,"class":82},"The Neurology Center of Southern California",{"id":115,"slug":116,"hasResults":12,"nctId":117,"briefTitle":118,"officialTitle":119,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":120,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":121,"maxAge":122,"enrollmentInfo":123,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":125,"briefSummary":126,"conditions":127,"keywords":155,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":166,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":167,"startDateStruct":169,"completionDateStruct":171,"leadSponsor":173,"locationsCount":55},"100454745","interventions-in-mathematics-and-cognitive-skills-100454745","NCT05201534","Interventions in Mathematics and Cognitive Skills","Interventions in Math Learning Disabilities: Cognitive and Neural Correlates","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Elementary school aged children starting from first grade (6-12 years old)\n2. IQ: Participants with a Full Scale IQ \\> 70 on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scle of Intelligence (WASI-II).\n3. Identification of Mathematical Learning Disabilities: Scores below the 35th percentile percentile on symbolic number processing test in Numeracy Screener and two or more Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-IV) math subtests\n4. Identification of typically developing children: Scores at or above the 35th percentile percentile on symbolic number processing test in Numeracy Screener and all WIAT-IV math subtests\n5. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and no hearing impairments\n6. Inclusion in MRI scan session: Right-handed\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of neurological or psychiatric disorder (i.e., schizophrenia, psychosis, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.)\n2. History of trauma involving head injury\n3. Consistent psychiatric medications\n4. Exclusion from MRI scan session: No major contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - braces, metal implants, pacemakers, vascular stents, metallic ear tubes, consistent exposure to metal, claustrophobia)","6 Years","12 Years",{"count":124,"type":23},180,[26],"The purpose of this study is to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms underlying response to intervention aimed at enhancing, and remediating weaknesses in, numerical skills in children, including those with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD).",[128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,32,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154],"Math Learning Disability","Child Development","Developmental Disability","Learning Disabilities","Learning Disabled","Learning Curve","Mathematics Disorder","Dyscalculia","Dyscalculia, Primary","Dyscalculia, Acquired","Specific Learning Disorder, With Impairment in Mathematics","Individuality","Behavior, Child","Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms","Behavior","Decision Making","Neuronal Plasticity","Cognition Disorder","Cognitive Dysfunction","Cognitive Change","Cognitive Impairment, Mild","Cognitive Developmental Delay","Cognitive Orientation","Cognitive Delay, Mild","Cognitive Deficits, Mild","Cognitive Abnormality","Neuroscience",[156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165],"Numerical skills in children","Low math abilities","Mathematical Learning Disabilities","Mathematical Concepts","Mathematics","Transfer, Psychology","Generalization, Psychology","Early Intervention, Educational","Neural Pathways","Neural Networks, Computer","2026-08-07",{"date":168,"type":47},"2026-08-11",{"date":170,"type":47},"2023-05-05",{"date":172,"type":23},"2027-08-31",{"name":174,"class":82},"Stanford University",{"id":176,"slug":177,"hasResults":12,"nctId":178,"briefTitle":179,"officialTitle":180,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":181,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":182,"maxAge":183,"enrollmentInfo":184,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":186,"briefSummary":187,"conditions":188,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":190,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":191,"startDateStruct":193,"completionDateStruct":195,"leadSponsor":197,"locationsCount":55},"100446194","the-path-study-cognitive-and-inflammation-targeted-gut-brain-interventions-in-alcohol-probiotics-alcohol-transcutaneous-vagus-nerve-stimulation-and-hiv-study-100446194","NCT05090267","The Path Study: Cognitive and Inflammation Targeted Gut-brain Interventions in Alcohol; Probiotics, Alcohol, Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, and HIV Study","Cognitive and Inflammation Targeted Gut-brain Interventions in Alcohol; Probiotics, Alcohol, Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, and HIV Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 35-70 years\n* English or Spanish speaking\n* Alcohol users\n* Cognitive impairment\n* Current CD4\\>350\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed major psychiatric illness\n* Consumption of over 300 drinks in the past 30 days\n* Recent opioid use\n* Lifetime history of medically-assisted alcohol detoxification\n* Inpatient or intensive treatment for addictive behaviors in the past 12 months\n* MRI contraindications\n* Current antibiotic treatment\n* Current probiotic use\n* Physical impairment precluding motor response or lying still.","35 Years","70 Years",{"count":185,"type":23},80,[26],"This project uses a hybrid trial design to evaluate two biomedical interventions targeting the gut-brain axis. One intervention is portable Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulator, tVNS, that is hypothesized to stimulate the autonomic nervous system, resulting in decreased inflammation and improved cognition. The second intervention is a probiotic supplement intended to replace gut bacteria that are associated with dysbiosis in persons with HIV and alcohol consumption.",[32,189],"Gut Microbiome","2026-08-04",{"date":192,"type":47},"2026-08-06",{"date":194,"type":47},"2022-06-01",{"date":196,"type":23},"2026-12-30",{"name":198,"class":82},"University of Florida",{"id":200,"slug":201,"hasResults":12,"nctId":202,"briefTitle":203,"officialTitle":203,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":204,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":205,"maxAge":206,"enrollmentInfo":207,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":209,"briefSummary":210,"conditions":211,"keywords":214,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":222,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":223,"startDateStruct":224,"completionDateStruct":226,"leadSponsor":228,"locationsCount":55},"100650853","investigation-on-the-chronic-effects-of-nepalese-pepper-zanthoxylum-armatum-dc-on-cognitive-function-mood-and-gaming-performance-in-young-healthy-action-video-gamers-100650853","NCT07752329","Investigation on the Chronic Effects of Nepalese Pepper (Zanthoxylum Armatum DC) on Cognitive Function, Mood and Gaming Performance in Young, Healthy, Action Video Gamers","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 16 to 39 years inclusive\n* Males and females\n* Self-report of good health\n* Usually a regular (at least 5 hours per week on average) player of action video games, including but not limited to First-Person Shooters (FPS) and Massive Online Battle Arenas (MOBA), (prospective participants will be asked to contact the researchers to discuss their gaming habits if uncertain that they meet the criteria).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Have any pre-existing medical condition\u002Fillness which will impact taking part in the study (i.e. participants may be allowed to progress to screening if they have a condition\u002Fillness which would not interact with the active treatments or impede performance).\n* Are currently taking prescription medications. NOTE: the explicit exceptions to this are contraceptive treatments for female participants, and those taken 'as needed' in the treatment of asthma and hay fever. There may be other instances of medication use which, where no interaction with the active treatments is likely, and which would not be expected to have any impact on brain function, participants may be able to progress to screening.\n* Have high blood pressure (systolic over 139 mm Hg or diastolic over 89 mm Hg); or have low blood pressure (systolic below 90 mm Hg or diastolic below 60 mm Hg)\n* Have a Body Mass Index (BMI) outside of the range 18.5-35 kg\u002Fm2\n* Are pregnant, seeking to become pregnant or lactating\n* Have learning and\u002For behavioural diagnoses such as dyslexia or ADHD\n* Have a visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses (including colour-blindness)\n* Smoke tobacco or vape nicotine or use nicotine replacement products\n* Excessive caffeine intake (\\> 500 mg per day). If participants consume energy drinks they will be asked to refrain from this for 24 hours prior to attending testing.\n* Have relevant food intolerances\u002Fsensitivities.\n* Have taken antibiotics within the past 4 weeks\n* Have taken dietary supplements e.g. Vitamins, omega 3 fish oils etc. in the last 4 weeks (Note: participation is possible following a 4-week supplement washout prior to participating and for the duration of the study on the proviso that the supplements taken are out of choice and not medically prescribed or advised)\n* Have any health condition that would prevent fulfilment of the study requirements (this includes non-diagnosed conditions for which no medication may be taken)\n* Are unable to complete all of the study assessments\n* Are currently participating in other clinical or nutrition intervention studies, or have done so in the past 4 weeks\n* Has been diagnosed with\u002F undergoing treatment for alcohol or drug abuse in the last 12 months\n* Have been diagnosed with\u002F undergoing treatment for a psychiatric disorder in the last 12 months\n* Suffers from frequent migraines that require medication (more than or equal to 1 per month)\n* Sleep disorders or are taking sleep aid medication\n* Any known active infections\n* Are non-compliant with regards treatment consumption","16 Years","39 Years",{"count":208,"type":23},70,[26],"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if daily supplementation with a Nepalese Pepper Extract (Zanthoxylum Armatum, ZA) can improve cognitive performance and gaming performance in action video gamers aged 16 to 39, when taken over an extended period. The main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes chronic (42-day) daily ZA supplementation improve speed of cognitive performance and reduce subjective mental fatigue? Do these effects translate into objective and self-reported improvements in gaming performance? Are there additional acute (within-session) effects at the end of a chronic supplementation period, on top of any chronic effect?\n\nResearchers will compare 275mg daily ZA supplementation to placebo to see if chronic ZA produces better cognitive performance and lower fatigue than placebo. Participants will:\n\nComplete a screening call and a training visit on the computerised cognitive tasks and gaming tasks Take a daily capsule (either ZA or placebo, depending on treatment order) each morning with food for 42 days, then switch to the other treatment for a further 42 days after a 2-week washout Attend four testing visits at the research centre: a baseline and an endpoint visit for each 42-day treatment period Avoid alcohol and energy drinks for 24 hours before each testing visit, and caffeine from waking Complete cognitive tests before dosing and 1 hour after dosing at each testing visit Complete mood and sleep questionnaires Wear a heart rate monitor at rest on arrival at each visit Complete gaming-specific tasks (aim training, MOBA character control, multi-tasking, finger tapping, Fitts' Law, multiple object tracking, collision prediction) Play their action video game of choice at home throughout each 42-day period and complete performance questionnaires",[32,33,212,213],"Gaming Performance","Fatigue",[32,33,215,216,217,218,219,220,213,221],"Gaming","Performance","Esports","Nepalese Pepper","Timut Pepper","Zanthoxylum Armatum","Chronic Supplementation","2026-08-03",{"date":166,"type":47},{"date":225,"type":23},"2026-08-20",{"date":227,"type":23},"2027-09",{"name":229,"class":82},"Northumbria University",{"id":231,"slug":232,"hasResults":12,"nctId":233,"briefTitle":234,"officialTitle":235,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":236,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":237,"minAge":182,"maxAge":238,"enrollmentInfo":239,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":241,"briefSummary":242,"conditions":243,"keywords":255,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":260,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":261,"startDateStruct":262,"completionDateStruct":264,"leadSponsor":266,"locationsCount":55},"100649918","dietary-supplements-and-middle-aged-women-collagen--omega-100649918","NCT07740967","Dietary Supplements and Middle Aged Women (Collagen & Omega)","The Effects of Dietary Supplements on Health and Wellbeing in Middle Aged Women","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female\n* Age 35 - 65 years old\n* Healthy, free from known disease\n* Non-smoker\n* BMI of 18 - 30 kg\u002Fm2 of\n* Classified as either recreationally physically active (meet the WHO guidelines for physical activity of completing at least 150-300 min moderate-intensity activity or 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity activity a week, plus muscle-strengthening activities 2 or more days a week) OR classified as sedentary (do not meet minimum activity guidelines but do occasional and\u002For incidental physical activity (e.g., walking to work, household activities))\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Currently have a musculoskeletal injury or diagnosed condition (e.g., cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, uncontrolled hypertension, gastrointestinal disease, blood clotting disorder)\n* Regularly taking prescription medication initiated in the last 3 months or unstable\n* Have initiated hormone replacement therapy within the last 3 months and\u002For currently unstable\n* BMI not between 18-30 kg\u002Fm2\n* Allergy to ingredients in supplements or standardized breakfasts\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding, or any other contraindications to consuming study supplements\n* Lost more than 10% of body mass in past 6 months or plan on trying to lose body mass during trial period\n* Currently consuming the supplements being investigated and unwilling to stop taking them\n* Any known cognitive or visual impairments limiting ability to perform cognitive tests\n* Unwilling to maintain current diet and physical activity levels or exercise and activity levels above recreationally active (e.g., athlete)","FEMALE","65 Years",{"count":240,"type":23},34,[26],"This study will examine the effects of combining different types of dietary supplements on various aspects of health and wellbeing in middle aged women. The main outcomes of the trial will be aspects of health and wellbeing that middle aged women report as increasingly problematic, such as joint pain, fatigue, sleep, and changes in body composition, strength, and inflammation. Participants will consume the supplement(s) or placebo for 8 weeks, and outcome measures will be assessed before and after supplementation.",[32,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254],"Inflammation Biomarkers","Bone Metabolism Biomarkers","Fatigue Symptom","Sleep","Body Composition Changes","Joint Pain","Quality of Life","Gastrointestinal Comfort","Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index","Muscle Strength","Fatty Acid Blood Profile",[256,257,258,259],"Collagen peptides","Middle aged women","Joint pain","Dietary supplements","2026-07-31",{"date":222,"type":47},{"date":263,"type":47},"2026-05-01",{"date":265,"type":23},"2028-08-01",{"name":267,"class":82},"Loughborough University",{"id":269,"slug":270,"hasResults":12,"nctId":271,"briefTitle":272,"officialTitle":272,"acronym":273,"eligibilityCriteria":274,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":182,"enrollmentInfo":275,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":277,"briefSummary":279,"conditions":280,"keywords":289,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":292,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":293,"startDateStruct":295,"completionDateStruct":297,"leadSponsor":299,"locationsCount":55},"100613164","phase-3-cognitive-strategies-in-early-psychosis-2-100613164","NCT07263022","Cognitive Strategies in Early Psychosis 2","COSTEP 2","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Between the ages of 18 and 35\n* Onset of a psychosis spectrum illness (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychosis NOS, bipolar disorder with psychosis, or major depressive disorder with psychosis) within 5 years of enrollment\n* Estimated IQ of 70 or above\n* Proficient at English as determined through interactions with the study team\n* No change in psychiatric medication within a week of enrollment or MRI study visits\n* No clinically significant change in any medications for at least 1 month prior to study participation or MRI study visits, as determined by PI\u002FCo-Is\n\n  * Participants may have minor adjustments in medication doses in the past 30 days, per PI discretion, but may not have had major increases or decreases in doses, or additions or removal of medication within the past 30 days.\n  * Participants are to have no changes to medications in the past 7 days before drug administration (i.e., must have been on a stable dose for at least 7 days prior to receiving the study drug).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nMedical Criteria:\n\n* Presence of the following medical concerns as determined by the study PI:\n\n  * Major neurological disorder\n  * History of a clinically significant head injury with or without prolonged unconsciousness\n  * Any major medical condition that, in the opinion of the PI, would impede participation in the study or would put the participant at additional risk by participating\n* History of any of the following as reported by the participant:\n\n  * Renal impairment, injury, or disease\n  * Hepatic impairment, injury, or disease\n  * Myocardial infarction or heart disease, or endorsement of history of or of cardiac symptoms at intake:\n\n    * Dyspnea\n    * Palpitations\n    * Orthopnea\n    * Pedal oedema\n    * Significant dizziness\n    * Syncope\n    * Claudication\n  * Low white blood cell count, or is diagnosed with leukopenia, neutropenia, or agranulocytosis\n* Presence of unmanaged hypertension (\\>140\u002F90) or elevated resting heart rate (\\>100 bpm)\n* Abnormal clinical laboratory values:\n\n  * uACR \\> 30 mg\u002Fg\n  * creatinine level \\>0.95 mg\u002FdL\n  * AST or ALT \\> 50 U\u002FL\n  * Bilirubin \\> 1.2 mg\u002FdL\n  * Total Protein \\\u003C 6 g\u002FdL\n* Taking a medication or supplement that has a major drug interaction with any study drugs (e.g., ketamine, MAOIs, clomipramine, diazepam, propranolol, warfarin)\n* Allergies to study drugs\n* Is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or is breastfeeding\n* Cannot pass the visual acuity test\n* Cannot pass the CMRR Subject Safety Screen due to MRI contraindications\n\nMental health criteria:\n\n* Meets criteria for a severe substance or alcohol use disorder within 3 months of enrollment\n* Lifetime history of a stimulant use disorder\n* Current manic episode as determined by the MINI\n* History of psychiatric hospitalization within 3 months of enrollment\n* Meets criteria for clinical risk of suicidal behavior, as defined by:\n\n  * Clinician judgment\n  * A suicide attempt within 3 months of enrollment\n  * Active suicidal ideation at screening or baseline, as indicated by the C-SSRS Screener\n  * Previous intent to act on suicidal ideation with a specific plan and\u002For preparatory acts within 3 months of enrollment, as indicated by the C-SSRS Screener\n* Symptom severity scores in the severe (6) or extremely severe (7) range on the BPRS for the following items: suicidality, disorientation, bizarre behavior, excitement, elevated mood\n* Any other psychiatric symptoms or conditions that, in the opinion of the PI, would impede participation in the study or put the participant at additional risk by participating\n\nOther criteria:\n\n* Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent\n* Unable to demonstrate adequate decisional capacity, in the judgment of the consenting study staff member, to make a choice about participating in the research study\n* Current guardianship\n* Is under civil commitment or under a stay of civil commitment\n* Illiteracy\n* Has engaged in significant cognitive training, in the opinion of the PI, in the last year",{"count":276,"type":23},24,[278],"PHASE3","The goal of this clinical trial is to learn more about decision making in psychosis spectrum disorders, like schizophrenia. Participants will be people who have had symptoms of a psychosis spectrum disorder start within the last five years. The investigators will study how two study agents change decision making in people with psychosis, by asking participants to complete some brain games on the computer before and after taking the study agents. The investigators hope to improve our understanding of psychosis to help people in the future. The main research questions are:\n\n* Does a single dose of modafinil change how people with psychosis play the brain games?\n* Does a single dose of d-serine change how people with psychosis play the brain games?\n* Does a single dose of modafinil change brain activity?\n* Does a single dose of d-serine change brain activity?\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Complete an interview and self-report questionnaires.\n* Complete safety screening activities, like a blood draw, a urine drug test, and an alcohol breathalyzer test.\n* Complete functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans. fMRI uses magnets to take pictures of the brain. There will be six scanning appointments in the study, with two scans each. Appointments will be about a month apart.\n* Take a single dose of a study agent during each scanning appointment. The study agent will be taken after the first fMRI. There are three study agents in total: modafinil, d-serine, and a placebo. Each participant will take each study agent twice during the study.\n* Play brain games on a computer that measure decision making, thinking, and problem solving skills",[281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,32],"Psychosis","Schizophrenia Disorder","Schizoaffective Disorder","Major Depressive Disorder With Psychotic Features","Bipolar Disorder With Psychotic Features","Psychosis NOS","Schizophreniform Disorder","Psychotic Disorder",[32,143,290,291],"fMRI","Psychosis spectrum disorders","2026-07-22",{"date":294,"type":47},"2026-07-23",{"date":296,"type":47},"2026-07-17",{"date":298,"type":23},"2030-04-30",{"name":300,"class":82},"University of Minnesota",{"id":302,"slug":303,"hasResults":12,"nctId":304,"briefTitle":305,"officialTitle":235,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":306,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":237,"minAge":182,"maxAge":238,"enrollmentInfo":307,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":309,"briefSummary":242,"conditions":310,"keywords":312,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":314,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":315,"startDateStruct":317,"completionDateStruct":318,"leadSponsor":320,"locationsCount":55},"100649225","dietary-supplements-and-middle-aged-women-creatine-100649225","NCT07729930","Dietary Supplements and Middle Aged Women (Creatine)","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Female\n* Aged 35-65 years old\n* Healthy, free from known disease\n* Non-smoker\n* BMI 18-30 kg\u002Fm2\n* Classified as recreationally active (meet the WHO guidelines for physical activity: complete at least 150-300 minutes of moderate intensity activity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous intensity activity a week, plus muscle strengthening activities 2 or more days a week) OR sedentary (do not meet the minimum activity guidelines but do occasional and\u002For incidental physical activity, e.g., walking to work, household activities).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Currently have a musculoskeletal injury or diagnosed condition (CVD, osteoarthritis, diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, uncontrolled hypertension, gastrointestinal disease, blood clotting disorder)\n* Regularly taking prescription medication initiated in the last 3 months or unstable\n* Have initiated hormone replacement therapy within the last 3 months or unstable\n* Have an allergy to ingredients in the supplements or standardised breakfast\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding, or any other contradictions to consuming the study supplements\n* Lost more than 10% of body mass in the past 6 months or plan on trying to lose body mass during trial period\n* Currently consuming the supplements being investigated and unwilling to stop\n* Any known cognitive or visual impairments limiting ability to perform cognitive tests\n* Unwilling to maintain current diet and physical activity levels and report any change in health status",{"count":308,"type":23},38,[26],[32,253,246,252,248,247,251,250,249,244,245,311],"Menopause Symptoms",[30,257,313,259],"Cognitive function","2026-07-21",{"date":316,"type":47},"2026-07-28",{"date":263,"type":47},{"date":319,"type":23},"2028-11-01",{"name":267,"class":82},{"id":322,"slug":323,"hasResults":12,"nctId":324,"briefTitle":325,"officialTitle":325,"acronym":326,"eligibilityCriteria":327,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":328,"enrollmentInfo":329,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":331,"briefSummary":332,"conditions":333,"keywords":336,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":314,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":344,"startDateStruct":346,"completionDateStruct":347,"leadSponsor":349,"locationsCount":55},"100648991","reper-age-reorganization-of-visuo-cognitive-functions-based-on-peripheral-vision-with-aging-100648991","NCT07727369","RePer-AGE: Reorganization of Visuo-cognitive Functions Based on Peripheral Vision With Aging","RePer-AGE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Healthy young adults aged 18 to 30 years or healthy older adults aged 60 to 85 years.\n* Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity.\n* No ophthalmological disease affecting visual function.\n* For participants aged 60 years or older: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥23.\n* Affiliated with a national health insurance system.\n* Written informed consent.\n\nNon inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals protected under French regulations governing research involving human participants.\n* Employees or individuals under the direct authority of the investigators.\n* History of neurological or psychiatric disorders likely to affect visual or cognitive functions.\n* Current treatment likely to alter visual function or vigilance.\n* MRI contraindications (metallic implants, pacemaker, severe claustrophobia, or other MRI safety contraindications) for participation in the MRI arm only.","85 Years",{"count":330,"type":23},160,[26],"The RePer-AGE study investigates how central and peripheral vision contribute to visual recognition and how these mechanisms change with normal aging. The study is based on the hypothesis that peripheral vision provides rapid global information that supports visual recognition through predictive mechanisms. Healthy young adults (18-30 years) and older adults (60-85 years) will undergo visual psychophysical testing, ophthalmological examinations, and, for a subset of participants, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results are expected to improve our understanding of age-related changes in visuo-cognitive functions and provide reference data for future studies on age-related visual disorders.",[334,335,32],"Aging","Visual Perception",[337,338,339,340,341,342,343,290],"Healthy Aging","Peripheral vision","Central vision","Visual recognition","Predictive processing","Psychophysics","Retinal sensitivity",{"date":345,"type":47},"2026-07-27",{"date":77,"type":23},{"date":348,"type":23},"2030-09",{"name":350,"class":82},"University Hospital, Grenoble",{"id":352,"slug":353,"hasResults":12,"nctId":354,"briefTitle":355,"officialTitle":356,"acronym":357,"eligibilityCriteria":358,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":238,"maxAge":359,"enrollmentInfo":360,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":362,"briefSummary":363,"conditions":364,"keywords":367,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":453,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":454,"startDateStruct":456,"completionDateStruct":458,"leadSponsor":460,"locationsCount":462},"100579228","home-based-brain-stimulation-for-motoric-cognitive-risk-syndrome-100579228","NCT06821568","Home-Based Brain Stimulation for Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome","Long-term Home-based Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Cognitive and Motor Function in Older Adults With an Increased Risk of Dementia: a Randomized Controlled Trial","TDCS4MCR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Men and women\n* Age 65-90 years\n* Subjective cognitive complaints as defined by a 'Yes' response to \"Do you feel that you have more problems with memory than most?\" or a 'No' response to \"is your mind as clear as it used to be?\"\n* Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥21\n* Slow gait speed as measured by averaging two 4-Meter walks and defined as a usual walking speed one standard deviation below age and sex-adjusted means.\n* Absence of significant disability as defined by the ability to walk over the instrumented gait mat unassisted (e.g., able to walk without any walking aids for at least 2 minutes non-stop) and preserved activities of daily living as defined by a score of less than 9 on the Functional Activities Questionnaire.\n* Identification of an eligible informant\n* Identification of a willing and able tDCS-administrator; i.e., a study partner to lead the administration of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)\n* Access to reliable WiFi in the participant's home\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Formal education less than the 8th grade\n* Previous physician diagnosis of dementia\n* Any current diagnosis of a major psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder)\n* Evidence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms defined by a score of ≥9 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale\n* History of head trauma resulting in prolonged loss of consciousness\n* History of fainting spells of unknown or undetermined etiology that might constitute seizures\n* History of seizures, diagnosis of epilepsy, or immediate (first-degree relative) family history of epilepsy except for a single seizure of benign etiology (e.g. febrile seizures) in the judgment of a board-certified neurologist\n* Hospitalization within the past three months due to acute illness, or as the result of a musculoskeletal injury significantly affecting gait or balance\n* Any unstable medical condition or chronic (particularly) uncontrolled medical conditions that may cause a medical emergency in case of a provoked seizure (cardiac malformation, cardiac dysrhythmia, asthma, etc.) or study complication\n* Substance use disorders within the past six months\n* A hairstyle or headdress that prevents electrode contact with the scalp or would interfere with the stimulation (for example thick braids, hair weave, afro, wig)\n* Chronic vertigo\n* Myocardial infarction within the past 6 months\n* Active cancer for which chemo-\u002Fradiation therapy is being received\n* Legal blindness\n* Visual hallucinations (history or self-report)\n* Pacemaker\n* Contraindications to MRI or tDCS, including unprovoked seizure within the past two years, risk of ferromagnetic objects anywhere in the body, self-reported presence of specific implanted medical devices (e.g., deep brain stimulator, medication infusion pump, cochlear implant, pacemaker, etc.), the presence of any active dermatological condition, such as eczema, on the scalp, etc. as outlined by current recommendations for noninvasive brain stimulation endorsed by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology.\n* History of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), often an early sign of Parkinson's disease\n* Medications and medical history will be reviewed by the responsible covering physician and a decision about inclusion will be made based on the participant's past medical history, drug dose, history of recent medication changes or duration of treatment, and combination with other CNS active drugs.","90 Years",{"count":361,"type":23},128,[26],"The objective of this study is to determine the effects of a 6-month, home-based personalized transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) intervention targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on cognitive function, dual task standing and walking, and other metrics of mobility in older adults with motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR).",[365,32,366],"Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias","Mobility Disability",[368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,98,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,33,398,399,144,400,401,216,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452],"Anatomy","Anxiety","Atrophic","Behavioral","Brain","Brain Region","Cephalic","Cognitive","Communities","Development","Dose","Double-Blind Method","Electric Stimulation","Enrollment","Evaluation","Exhibits","Exposure to","Frequencies","Future","Gait","Gait Speed","Genetic Crossing Over","Home","Impaired Cognition","Individual","Intervention","Intervention Studies","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Measurable","Measures","Motor","Multi-Institutional Clinical Trial","Outcome","Participant","Phase","Pilot Projects","Prefrontal Cortex","Randomized","Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials","Research","Resolution","Rest","Risk","Series","Site","Structure","Testing","Therapeutic","Time","Syndrome","Walking","Work","Arm","cerebral atrophy","Clinically relevant","cognitive task","Cost","Dementia Risk","Design","Executive Function","functional improvement","functional near infrared spectroscopy","Gray Matter","high risk","home test","improved","insight","late life","mental function","neural network","neuroimaging","noninvasive brain stimulation","normal aging","older adult","older men","older women","open label","primary endpoint","response","secondary outcome","smartphone application","transcranial direct current stimulation","trial design","walking speed","Alzheimer&#39;s Disease","2026-07-15",{"date":455,"type":47},"2026-07-16",{"date":457,"type":47},"2025-09-02",{"date":459,"type":23},"2029-06",{"name":461,"class":82},"Hebrew SeniorLife",2,{"id":464,"slug":465,"hasResults":12,"nctId":466,"briefTitle":467,"officialTitle":468,"acronym":469,"eligibilityCriteria":470,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":238,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":471,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":473,"briefSummary":474,"conditions":475,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":477,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":478,"startDateStruct":479,"completionDateStruct":481,"leadSponsor":483,"locationsCount":55},"100647586","ecological-momentary-cognitive-assessment-100647586","NCT07710339","Ecological Momentary Cognitive Assessment","Characterizing Daily Activity and Cognition in Older Adults","DEACS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* age ≥65\n* fluent in English\n* own a smartphone\n* able to provide digital informed consent\n* able to walk without assistance from others (a cane or walker is allowed)\n* low-active as defined by participating in purposeful aerobic exercise two days or less per week\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* potential neurological cofounders (stroke, seizure disorder, recent head injury or loss of consciousness)\n* diagnosis of clinical mental abnormalities (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias)\n* any other conditions that may impact their ability to complete the ecological momentary cognitive tasks or physical activity (e.g., visual or auditory impairments, uncontrolled arthritis)\n* A score lower than 32 on the TICS-M.",{"count":472,"type":23},30,[26],"The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationships between changes in cognitive functioning across the day and patterns of physical activity in older adults. Those who participate in the program will complete tests of cognition and several surveys at the start. They will then wear an activity monitor and complete four cognitive tests plus surveys per day for one week. After this week concludes, they will continue completing the surveys and cognitive tests, and will engage in one week of structured exercise at a research center and one week where they work to move throughout the day.",[476,32,334],"Physical Activity","2026-07-13",{"date":296,"type":47},{"date":480,"type":23},"2026-08-15",{"date":482,"type":23},"2027-04-01",{"name":484,"class":82},"Wake Forest University",{"id":486,"slug":487,"hasResults":12,"nctId":488,"briefTitle":489,"officialTitle":489,"acronym":490,"eligibilityCriteria":491,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":492,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":493,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":494,"briefSummary":495,"conditions":496,"keywords":500,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":477,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":505,"startDateStruct":506,"completionDateStruct":507,"leadSponsor":509,"locationsCount":55},"100647290","heart-rate-variability-for-practitioner-stimulated-reflection-and-decision-making-optimisation-100647290","NCT07709364","Heart Rate Variability for Practitioner Stimulated Reflection and Decision-making Optimisation","HRV-PRO","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Nurse working in Enhanced Recovery Unit at Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust\n* Willingness to participate in the trial\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Staff with permanent pacemakers\n* Staff on medication that could affect HRV (e.g. b-blockers)","21 Years",{"count":66,"type":23},[26],"At the heart of healthcare is the interaction between healthcare practitioners and patients. It is believed that optimisation of this interaction can improve patient relevant outcomes, safety and patient experience. Through utilisation of practitioner physiological data, heart rate variability (HRV), to help practitioners make better decisions and optimise practice, it is considered possible to improve decision making around patient care and improve outcomes and safety.\n\nThe modern intensive care unit (ICU) is a dynamic data rich environment requiring rapid and accurate decision making. Advances in ventilator technology, electronic patient monitoring and electronic health records (EHR) have provided exponential growth in data produced for patients and the need for complex decision making. However, data overload and alarm fatigue can result in poor understanding and a delayed response from the practitioner in addressing the patient's needs.\n\nThe aim of this study is to present and evaluate a psychophysiology training approach for practitioners derived from their cardiovascular response through the course of the working day, this will be measured using heart rate variability (HRV). Practitioner HRV has been shown to be linked to work related stress and is considered a biomarker of decision-making.",[497,143,498,32,499],"Critical Care Nursing","Mechanical Ventilation","Heart Rate Variability (HRV)",[501,502,503,504],"Heart Rate Variability","HRV","Healthcare practitioner","Practitioner HRV",{"date":455,"type":47},{"date":455,"type":23},{"date":508,"type":23},"2027-06-01",{"name":510,"class":511},"Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","OTHER_GOV",{"id":513,"slug":514,"hasResults":12,"nctId":515,"briefTitle":516,"officialTitle":517,"acronym":518,"eligibilityCriteria":519,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":520,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":521,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":523,"briefSummary":524,"conditions":525,"keywords":528,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":531,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":532,"startDateStruct":534,"completionDateStruct":535,"leadSponsor":537,"locationsCount":4},"100645437","effects-of-adapted-snacktivity-intervention-on-cognition-and-self-care-in-copd-patients-100645437","NCT07702994","Effects of Adapted Snacktivity™ Intervention on Cognition and Self-Care in COPD Patients","Development and Evaluation of a Culturally Adapted Snacktivity™ Intervention to Enhance Cognition and Self-Care in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","Snacktivity™","* Inclusion Criteria:\n\n  1. Confirmed diagnosis of COPD in accordance with the 2026 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guideline, with a post-bronchodilator ratio of FEV₁\u002FFVC \\\u003C 70%;\n  2. Aged ≥ 60 years;\n  3. Clinically stable condition;\n  4. Score at or below the age- and education-adjusted cutoff (16th percentile) on the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) 5-minute Protocol, indicating mild cognitive impairment;\n  5. No exercise contraindications;\n  6. No active wrist skin conditions that would prevent wearing an activity tracker (Phase 2 \\& 3);\n  7. Willingness to wear an activity tracker during the intervention (Phase 2 \\& 3);\n  8. Possession of a smartphone capable of receiving instant messages (Phase 2 \\& 3);\n  9. Proficiency in Cantonese or Mandarin;\n  10. Willingness to provide written informed consent and commitment to trial completion.\n* Exclusion Criteria\n\n  1. Receipt of oxygen therapy for ≥ 15 hours per day or requirement for mechanical ventilation;\n  2. History of brain injury or stroke;\n  3. Presence of severe comorbidities including coronary artery disease, severe hepatic or renal dysfunction;\n  4. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, deafness, severely limited physical mobility, or inability to cooperate with trial interventions;\n  5. For Phase 2 and Phase 3: Use of medications documented to impact cognitive function.","60 Years",{"count":522,"type":23},210,[26],"This clinical trial aims to evaluate whether a culturally adapted Snacktivity™ program can improve cognitive function and self-care abilities in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Hong Kong.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\n1. Does the Snacktivity™ program improve the cognitive function of participants (including both global cognition and targeted subdomains)?\n2. Does the program improve participants' self-care abilities?\n\nThe study consists of three sequential phases:\n\nPhase 1 (Co-design workshops): Co-design workshops will be conducted with COPD patients, healthcare professionals (nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists), and family caregivers to culturally adapt the Snacktivity™ program for Hong Kong COPD patients.\n\nPhase 2 (Feasibility Pilot RCT): The adapted program will be tested in a small-scale pilot study to assess its feasibility and short-term clinical effects.\n\nPhase 3 (Full-scale RCT): A full-scale randomised controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the program's efficacy on the primary and secondary outcomes.\n\nParticipants in the intervention group will be asked to:\n\nParticipate in the culturally adapted Snacktivity™ program that integrates short, manageable \"snacks\" of physical activity into daily routines.\n\nWear an activity tracker to monitor physical activity levels. Complete questionnaires at multiple time points assessing cognitive function, self-care abilities, physical activity levels, self-efficacy, exercise capacity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.\n\nResearchers will compare the intervention group to an attention control group (receiving usual care with health education) to see if the Snacktivity™ program leads to greater improvements in these outcomes.",[526,476,32,527],"COPD","Self Care",[526,529,530],"cognitive function","self care","2026-07-08",{"date":533,"type":47},"2026-07-14",{"date":453,"type":23},{"date":536,"type":23},"2028-06-30",{"name":538,"class":82},"The University of Hong Kong",{"id":540,"slug":541,"hasResults":12,"nctId":542,"briefTitle":543,"officialTitle":544,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":545,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":546,"enrollmentInfo":547,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":549,"briefSummary":550,"conditions":551,"keywords":553,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":531,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":555,"startDateStruct":557,"completionDateStruct":559,"leadSponsor":561,"locationsCount":55},"100533703","immune-and-cognitive-benefits-of-mango-intake-in-young-adults-100533703","NCT06229262","Immune and Cognitive Benefits of Mango Intake in Young Adults","Immune and Cognitive Benefits of Mango Intake in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male and female college students aged 18-30 years\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* known intolerance or allergy to mangos\n* regular intake of mangos and\u002For fruits of a similar nutritional content such as peach, nectarine, papaya, apricot and cantaloupe\n* using cognition and\u002For immune-boosting supplements or vitamins\n* recent exposure to antibiotics and corticoids\n* uncontrolled chronic diseases and mental illnesses, clinical depression, and immunocompromised state","30 Years",{"count":548,"type":23},54,[26],"The main objectives of our proposed study are to determine the effects of mango consumption on immune and cognitive functions in free-living college going young adults aged 18-30 years",[32,552],"Immunity",[554,552,41],"Mango",{"date":556,"type":47},"2026-07-10",{"date":558,"type":23},"2026-12",{"date":560,"type":23},"2027-12",{"name":562,"class":82},"Loma Linda University",{"id":564,"slug":565,"hasResults":12,"nctId":566,"briefTitle":567,"officialTitle":568,"acronym":569,"eligibilityCriteria":570,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":237,"minAge":571,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":572,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":573,"briefSummary":574,"conditions":575,"keywords":576,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":581,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":582,"startDateStruct":584,"completionDateStruct":586,"leadSponsor":588,"locationsCount":4},"100644913","lion-tracks-eeg-pilot-understand-cognitive-responses-to-crossfit-in-mother-child-dyads-100644913","NCT07677345","Lion Tracks EEG Pilot: Understand Cognitive Responses to CrossFit in Mother-Child Dyads","Lion Tracks EEG Pilot","Lion Tracks","Inclusion Criteria\n\n* Adult participant is a mother or female primary caregiver aged 18 years or older.\n* Child participant is at least 3 years of age.\n* Mother and child are willing to participate together as a dyad.\n* Mother and child are able to understand and speak English.\n* Mother and child are willing to attend two study visits at a participating community fitness facility.\n* Mother and child are able to safely participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as determined by health screening procedures.\n* Mother is willing to provide informed consent and child is willing to provide assent when appropriate.\n\nExclusion Criteria \\*Mother\\*\n\n* Pregnancy at the time of participation.\n* Any cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, or other medical condition that would make exercise unsafe.\n* Current injury or physical limitation preventing participation in exercise.\n* History of seizure disorder or other condition that may interfere with EEG assessment.\n* Inability to complete study procedures or wear EEG equipment. \\*Child\\*\n* Medical condition, injury, or physical limitation that would make participation in exercise unsafe.\n* Neurological condition or developmental disorder that would prevent completion of study procedures, as determined by the parent and study team.\n* History of seizure disorder or other condition that may interfere with EEG assessment.\n* Inability to tolerate wearing the EEG headset or complete study procedures. \\*Dyad\\*\n* Either the mother or child is unable or unwilling to complete both study visits.\n* Either participant has a contraindication to exercise identified during screening.\n* Either participant has a condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would make participation unsafe or compromise data quality.","3 Years",{"count":66,"type":23},[26],"The purpose of this study is to examine how participating in exercise together versus separately influences brain function, cognitive performance, mood, and parent-child connection in mother-child dyads. Mothers and their children will complete two fitness class visits at a participating community fitness facility\u002FCrossFit affiliate. During one visit, mothers and children will exercise in separate age-appropriate classes, and during the other visit they will exercise together in a shared class. Before and after each exercise session, participants will complete brief assessments of cognition, mood, and brain activity using a portable electroencephalography (EEG) device. Findings from this pilot study will help determine the feasibility of conducting community-based neuroscience research and may inform future family-centered physical activity programs designed to support brain, emotional, and social health.",[32],[577,578,579,580],"Mother-Child Dyads","CrossFit","Brain Health","Family-Based Physical Activity","2026-06-30",{"date":583,"type":47},"2026-07-02",{"date":585,"type":23},"2027-01-01",{"date":587,"type":23},"2028-03-01",{"name":589,"class":82},"Penn State University",{"id":591,"slug":592,"hasResults":12,"nctId":593,"briefTitle":594,"officialTitle":595,"acronym":596,"eligibilityCriteria":597,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":598,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":600,"briefSummary":601,"conditions":602,"keywords":606,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":617,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":618,"startDateStruct":620,"completionDateStruct":622,"leadSponsor":623,"locationsCount":55},"100646850","morning-bright-light-therapy-and-daytime-functioning-in-university-students-100646850","NCT07685262","Morning Bright Light Therapy and Daytime Functioning in University Students","Effects of Morning Bright Light Therapy on Sleep, Alertness, Mood, and Cognition in Healthy University Students: A Randomized Crossover Trial","BLIGHT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Enrolled university student\n* Aged 18 years or older\n* Generally healthy, with no diagnosed sleep disorder (sleep quality screened using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)\n* Residing in shared student housing\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed insomnia or other diagnosed sleep disorder\n* Other medical, psychiatric, or neurological condition that could affect sleep, mood, or cognition",{"count":599,"type":23},153,[26],"This study tests whether a week of morning bright light therapy changes how well healthy young adults sleep and how alert, positive, and mentally sharp they feel during the day.\n\nMorning light is the body's main signal for keeping its internal clock and sleep-wake timing on track. Many university students keep irregular hours and spend most of the day indoors, where light is far dimmer than daylight. This study asks whether adding a short, bright morning light session can help.\n\nEach participant takes part for two weeks. For one week they use a bright light box for 30 minutes each morning, shortly after waking; for the other week they keep their usual lighting. The order of the two weeks is decided at random, and each person serves as their own comparison.\n\nThroughout both weeks, sleep is tracked with a wrist-worn Fitbit and a short daily diary. Participants also rate their sleepiness and mood, complete brief computer-based attention and memory tasks, and take part in a short interview at the end about their experience.\n\nThe study compares the bright-light week with the usual-light week to see whether morning bright light improves sleep regularity and efficiency, reduces daytime sleepiness, lifts mood, or affects thinking performance. The trial is being conducted in waves; a first wave has completed and a second wave is planned, pending additional funding.",[247,603,604,33,32,605],"Circadian Rhythm","Daytime Sleepiness","Healthy Volunteers",[607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616],"Bright light therapy","Melanopic illuminance","Morning light exposure","Sleep regularity","Sleep efficiency","Daytime alertness","Crossover trial","University students","Wearable sleep tracking","Karolinska Sleepiness Scale","2026-06-29",{"date":619,"type":47},"2026-07-06",{"date":621,"type":47},"2024-05-01",{"date":536,"type":23},{"name":624,"class":82},"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University",{"id":626,"slug":627,"hasResults":12,"nctId":628,"briefTitle":629,"officialTitle":630,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":631,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":20,"maxAge":632,"enrollmentInfo":633,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":634,"briefSummary":636,"conditions":637,"keywords":641,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":644,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":645,"startDateStruct":646,"completionDateStruct":647,"leadSponsor":649,"locationsCount":651},"100645002","phase-2-exercise-and-intranasal-insulin-in-type-2-diabetes-100645002","NCT07675499","Exercise and Intranasal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes","Effects of Intranasal Insulin Plus Exercise Training on Brain Blood Flow, Neuronal Insulin Signaling, and Cognition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male or female 55-80 years old\n* Type 2 diabetes diagnosis or confirmation HbA1c \\>6.5% and fasting glucose \\>126 mg\u002Fdl\n* Individuals prescribed metformin, GLP-1 agonists (oral\u002Finjectable), TZDs, DPP-IV inhibitors, Acarbose, SGLT-2 inhibitors \\>6 months.\n* MOCA ≥26\n* Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and ≤40 kg\u002Fm2\n* Not diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes\n* Not currently engaged in \\\u003C90 min\u002Fwk of exercise\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* A diagnosis of dementia\n* Neurologic disease (e.g. Parkinson's, autonomic neuropathy, etc.)\n* Intolerance to insulin\n* Morbidly obese patients (BMI \\>40 kg\u002Fm2) and lean patients (BMI \\\u003C25 kg\u002Fm2)\n* \\>2 kg weight change in past 6 months\n* Participants who have been recently active (\\>90 min of moderate\u002Fhigh intensity exercise)\n* Individuals who are smokers or who have quit smoking (\\\u003C2 years)\n* Hypertriglyceridemia (400 mg\u002Fdl) and hypercholesterolemic (\\>260 mg\u002Fdl) subjects\n* Uncontrolled Hypertensive (\\>160\u002F100 mmHg)\n* Participants with a history of significant metabolic, cardiac, cerebrovascular, hematological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, or endocrine disease or cancer that in the investigator's opinion would interfere with or alter the outcome measures, or impact subject safety\n* Pregnant (as evidenced by positive pregnancy test) or nursing women\n* Participants with contraindications to participation in an exercise training program\n* Major psychiatric disorders (e.g. psychosis, bipolar disorder, major depression, alcohol\u002Fsubstance abuse)\n* History of head trauma or loss of consciousness in last 5 years.\n* Known contraindications for MR imaging:\n\n  * History of head trauma or neurosurgery, or neurological disorder (other than headaches or peripheral nerve disease) as these may impact neuroimaging results.\n  * Ferrous material implanted in or on the body, including flakes or filings, surgical clips, bullets, or electrical devices such as a pacemaker, or nonremovable ferrous jewelry (fillings in teeth and permanent retainers are permitted).\n  * Fillings and permanent retainers do not provide a safety risk and are not general exclusions. However, upper retainers may cause artifacts in ventral frontal regions and therefore may be an exclusion for some studies.\n  * Individuals with surgical pins or plates above the neck are excluded. Surgical pins or plates below the neck are exclusions, except when the material is fixed to bone, and considered acceptable by the Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety. Implants and Devices, 2020 Edition. Almost all recent orthopedic implants are made of materials that are not ferromagnetic and therefore are safe for scanning, and even though some screws are still made of ferromagnetic materials these are firmly screwed into bone. In cases where the material is unknown or deemed unsafe for scanning by the Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety. Implants and Devices the participant will be excluded.\n  * History of eye injury involving metallic materials, shavings in eyes, or welding without a face mask\n  * Lead\u002Firon tattoos\n  * Claustrophobia (history of significant anxiety in closed places).\n  * Back problem that would prevent the subject from laying still comfortably for up to 90 minutes.\n  * Deafness","80 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},[635,278],"PHASE2","About 6.5 million adults in the United States who are 65 or older have dementia.\n\nWhile the exact cause of dementia is not known, it may be due to changes in the brain. Further, risk may be higher when the brain does not respond to insulin. Indeed, brain insulin resistance has emerged as a pathologic factor affecting memory, executive function as well as systemic glucose control. Regular aerobic exercise may help reduce the risk of dementia by increased blood flow to the brain and help the brain respond better to insulin. In addition, giving insulin through a nose spray (called intranasal insulin) may also help with thinking and memory. However, it is unknown if using both exercise and intranasal insulin is best for the brain.",[638,639,32,640],"Type 2 Diabetes","Insulin Sensitivity\u002FResistance","Brain Blood Flow",[642,643],"Exericse","Intranasal Insulin","2026-06-26",{"date":581,"type":47},{"date":222,"type":23},{"date":648,"type":23},"2029-05-31",{"name":650,"class":82},"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",4,{"id":653,"slug":654,"hasResults":12,"nctId":655,"briefTitle":656,"officialTitle":657,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":658,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":206,"enrollmentInfo":659,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":661,"briefSummary":662,"conditions":663,"keywords":665,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":668,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":669,"startDateStruct":671,"completionDateStruct":673,"leadSponsor":675,"locationsCount":462},"100622819","a-clinical-trial-to-investigate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ap-brain-on-cognitive-function-at-varying-dosages-in-healthy-younger-adults-with-self-reported-attention-problems-100622819","NCT07388576","A Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of AP-Brain on Cognitive Function at Varying Dosages in Healthy Younger Adults With Self-reported Attention Problems","A Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel, Proof-of-concept Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of AP-Brain on Cognitive Function at Varying Dosages in Healthy Younger Adults With Self-reported Attention Problems","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Males and females 18-39 years of age, inclusive\n2. Females not of child-bearing potential, defined as those who have undergone a sterilization procedure (e.g. hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, complete endometrial ablation) or have been post-menopausal for at least 1 year prior to screening\n\n   Or,\n\n   Individuals of child-bearing potential must have a negative baseline urine pregnancy test and agree to use a medically approved method of birth control for the duration of the study. All hormonal birth control must have been in use for a minimum of three months. Acceptable methods of birth control include:\n   * Hormonal contraceptives including oral contraceptives, hormone birth control patch (Ortho Evra), vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing), injectable contraceptives (Depo-Provera, Lunelle), or hormone implant (Norplant System)\n   * Double-barrier method\n   * Intrauterine devices\n   * Non-heterosexual lifestyle or agrees to use contraception if planning on changing to heterosexual partner(s)\n   * Vasectomy of partner at least 6 months prior to screening\n   * Abstinence and agrees to use contraception if planning on becoming sexually active\n3. Individuals with self-reported focus or attention problems, as determined by QI assessment of the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (Part A) (ASRS; version 1.1) (20)\n4. Agrees to avoid high sources of caffeine (e.g., supplements, tea, coffee, energy drinks), NSAIDs, and alcohol consumption for 24 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n5. Agrees to avoid first generation anti-allergy medication for 48 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n6. Agrees to avoid moderate-vigorous exercise 12 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n7. Agrees to avoid travel across two or more time zones two weeks prior to any study visit\n8. Agrees to maintain current lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity, medications, supplements, and sleep) as much as possible throughout the study\n9. Willing and able to complete questionnaires, records, and diaries associated with the study and to complete all clinic visits\n10. Provided voluntary, written, informed consent to participate in the study\n11. Healthy as determined by medical history, laboratory results, and vital signs, as assessed by the QI\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Individuals who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study\n2. Allergy, sensitivity, or intolerance to the investigational product or placebo ingredients\n3. Clinical diagnosis and\u002For prescribed treatment for ADHD (See Section 7.3.1)\n4. Self-reported confirmation of any significant neuropsychological condition and\u002For cognitive impairment (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, infections, insomnia, depression, epileptic or other seizure-related disorders) that could interfere with study participation as assessed by the QI\n5. Self-reported color blindness\u002Fweakness as assessed by the QI\n6. Individuals who consume high caffeine daily or are addicted to caffeine at screening as assessed by the QI\n7. Current employment that calls for overnight shiftwork as assessed by the QI\n8. Unstable metabolic disease or chronic diseases as assessed by the QI\n9. Current or history of significant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or conditions that result in malabsorption, as assessed by the QI\n10. Unstable hypertension. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI (See Section 7.3.1)\n11. Type I diabetes\n12. Type II diabetes if on insulin treatment. Type II diabetics on stable medication for at least three months and an HbA1c of \\\u003C8.0% may be included after assessment by the QI on a case-by-case basis\n13. Significant cardiovascular event in the past 6 months. Participants with no significant cardiovascular event on stable medication may be included after assessment by the QI on a case-by-case basis\n14. History of or current diagnosis with kidney, gallbladder (e.g., gallstones, bile duct obstruction), and\u002For liver diseases (e.g., reduced bile salts, SIBO) as assessed by the QI on a case-by-case basis, with the exception of history of kidney stones in participants who are symptom free for 6 months\n15. Self-reported confirmation of current or pre-existing thyroid condition. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI\n16. Major surgery in the past 3 months or individuals who have planned surgery during the course of the study. Participants with minor surgery will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the QI\n17. Cancer, except skin basal cell carcinoma completely excised with no chemotherapy or radiation with a follow up that is negative. Volunteers with cancer in full remission for more than five years after diagnosis are acceptable\n18. Individuals with an autoimmune disease or are immune compromised as assessed by the QI\n19. Self-reported confirmation of a HIV-, Hepatitis B- and\u002For C-positive diagnosis as assessed by the QI\n20. Self-reported confirmation of blood\u002Fbleeding disorders as assessed by QI\n21. Use of medical cannabinoid products\n22. Chronic use of cannabinoid products (\\>2 times\u002Fweek). Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n23. Regular use of tobacco or nicotine products in the past six months, as assessed by the QI. Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n24. Alcohol intake average of \\>2 standard drinks per day as assessed by the QI\n25. Alcohol or drug abuse within the last 12 months\n26. Current use of prescribed and\u002For OTC medications, supplements, and\u002For consumption of food\u002Fdrinks that may impact the efficacy and\u002For safety of the investigational product (Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2)\n27. Current or previous use of cognitive training programs or therapies, as assessed by the QI\n28. Clinically significant abnormal laboratory results at screening as assessed by the QI\n29. Blood donation 30 days prior to baseline, during the study, or a planned donation within 30 days of the last study visit\n30. Participation in other clinical research studies 30 days prior to baseline, as assessed by the QI\n31. Individuals who are cognitively impaired and\u002For unable to give informed consent\n32. Any other condition or lifestyle factor, that, in the opinion of the QI, may adversely affect the participant's ability to complete the study or its measures or pose significant risk to the participant",{"count":660,"type":23},120,[26],"The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of AP-Brain on cognitive function at varying dosages in healthy younger adults with self-reported attention problems.\n\nThe main question it aims to answer is what Change from baseline to Day 56 between AP-Brain (1g, 3g, or 5g) and placebo in cognitive function, as assessed by the CNS VS Neurocognitive Index (NCI) score and complex attention.\n\nParticipants will be asked to consume AP-Brain at 1 g, 3 g, or 5g, or Placebo and asked to complete memory assessment questionnaires.",[32,664],"Cognitive Function",[666,529,667],"memory","AP-Brain","2026-06-19",{"date":670,"type":47},"2026-06-24",{"date":672,"type":23},"2026-06",{"date":674,"type":23},"2026-11",{"name":676,"class":54},"Rousselot BVBA",{"id":678,"slug":679,"hasResults":12,"nctId":680,"briefTitle":681,"officialTitle":682,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":683,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":684,"maxAge":685,"enrollmentInfo":686,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":687,"briefSummary":688,"conditions":689,"keywords":691,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":668,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":693,"startDateStruct":694,"completionDateStruct":695,"leadSponsor":696,"locationsCount":462},"100622778","a-clinical-trial-to-investigate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ap-brain-on-cognitive-performance-at-varying-dosages-in-healthy-middle-aged-and-older-adults-with-self-reported-memory-problems-100622778","NCT07388043","A Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of AP-Brain on Cognitive Performance at Varying Dosages in Healthy Middle-aged and Older Adults With Self-reported Memory Problems","A Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel, Proof of Concept Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of AP-Brain on Cognitive Performance at Varying Dosages in Healthy Middle-aged and Older Adults With Self-reported Memory Problems","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Males and females 40-79 years of age, inclusive\n2. Females not of child-bearing potential, defined as those who have undergone a sterilization procedure (e.g. hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, complete endometrial ablation) or have been post-menopausal for at least 1 year prior to screening\n\n   Or,\n\n   Individuals of child-bearing potential must have a negative baseline urine pregnancy test and agree to use a medically approved method of birth control for the duration of the study. All hormonal birth control must have been in use for a minimum of three months. Acceptable methods of birth control include:\n   * Hormonal contraceptives including oral contraceptives, hormone birth control patch (Ortho Evra), vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing), injectable contraceptives (Depo-Provera, Lunelle), or hormone implant (Norplant System)\n   * Double-barrier method\n   * Intrauterine devices\n   * Non-heterosexual lifestyle or agrees to use contraception if planning on changing to heterosexual partner(s)\n   * Vasectomy of partner at least 6 months prior to screening\n   * Abstinence and agrees to use contraception if planning on becoming sexually active\n3. Individuals with self-reported memory problems as assessed by a combined score of ≥6 from the memory assessment questions provided at screening\n4. Absence of dementia or other significant cognitive impairment as assessed by MMSE-2 score of ≥24 at screening\n5. Agrees to avoid high sources of caffeine (e.g., supplements, tea, coffee, energy drinks), NSAIDs, and alcohol consumption for 24 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n6. Agrees to avoid first generation anti-allergy medication for 48 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n7. Agrees to avoid moderate-vigorous exercise 12 hours prior to post-screening clinic visits\n8. Agrees to avoid travel across two or more time zones two weeks prior to any study visit\n9. Agrees to maintain current lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity, medications, supplements, and sleep) as much as possible throughout the study\n10. Willing and able to complete questionnaires, records, and diaries associated with the study and to complete all clinic visits\n11. Provided voluntary, written, informed consent to participate in the study\n12. Healthy as determined by medical history, laboratory results, and vital signs, as assessed by the QI\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Individuals who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study\n2. Allergy, sensitivity, or intolerance to the investigational product or placebo ingredients\n3. Self-reported confirmation of any significant neuropsychological condition and\u002For cognitive impairment (e.g., attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder, Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, infections, insomnia, depression, epileptic or other seizure-related disorders) that could interfere with study participation as assessed by the QI\n4. Self-reported color blindness\u002Fweakness as assessed by the QI\n5. Individuals who consume high caffeine daily or are addicted to caffeine at screening as assessed by the QI\n6. Current employment that calls for overnight shiftwork as assessed by the QI\n7. Unstable metabolic disease or chronic diseases as assessed by the QI\n8. Current or history of significant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or conditions that result in malabsorption, as assessed by the QI\n9. Unstable hypertension. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI (See Section 7.3.1)\n10. Type I diabetes\n11. Type II diabetes if on insulin treatment. Type II diabetics on stable medication for at least three months and an HbA1c of \\\u003C8.0% may be included after assessment by the QI on a case-by-case basis\n12. Significant cardiovascular event in the past 6 months. Participants with no significant cardiovascular event on stable medication may be included after assessment by the QI on a case-by-case basis\n13. History of or current diagnosis with kidney, gallbladder (e.g., gallstones, bile duct obstruction), and\u002For liver diseases (e.g., reduced bile salts, SIBO) as assessed by the QI on a case-by-case basis, with the exception of history of kidney stones in participants who are symptom free for 6 months\n14. Self-reported confirmation of current or pre-existing thyroid condition. Treatment on a stable dose of medication for at least 3 months will be considered by the QI\n15. Major surgery in the past 3 months or individuals who have planned surgery during the course of the study. Participants with minor surgery will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the QI\n16. Cancer, except skin basal cell carcinoma completely excised with no chemotherapy or radiation with a follow up that is negative. Volunteers with cancer in full remission for more than five years after diagnosis are acceptable\n17. Individuals with an autoimmune disease or are immune compromised as assessed by the QI\n18. Self-reported confirmation of a HIV-, Hepatitis B- and\u002For C-positive diagnosis as assessed by the QI\n19. Self-reported confirmation of blood\u002Fbleeding disorders as assessed by QI\n20. Use of medical cannabinoid products\n21. Chronic use of cannabinoid products (\\>2 times\u002Fweek). Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n22. Regular use of tobacco or nicotine products in the past six months, as assessed by the QI. Occasional users will be required to washout and abstain for the duration of the study period\n23. Alcohol intake average of \\>2 standard drinks per day as assessed by the QI\n24. Alcohol or drug abuse within the last 12 months\n25. Current use of prescribed and\u002For OTC medications, supplements, and\u002For consumption of food\u002Fdrinks that may impact the efficacy and\u002For safety of the investigational product (Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2)\n26. Current or previous use of cognitive training programs or therapies, as assessed by the QI\n27. Clinically significant abnormal laboratory results at screening as assessed by the QI\n28. Blood donation 30 days prior to baseline, during the study, or a planned donation within 30 days of the last study visit\n29. Participation in other clinical research studies 30 days prior to baseline, as assessed by the QI\n30. Individuals who are cognitively impaired and\u002For unable to give informed consent\n31. Any other condition or lifestyle factor, that, in the opinion of the QI, may adversely affect the participant's ability to complete the study or its measures or pose significant risk to the participant","40 Years","79 Years",{"count":660,"type":23},[26],"The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of AP-Brain on cognitive performance at varying dosages in healthy middle-aged and older adults with self-reported memory problems. The main question it aims to answer is:\n\nWhat is the effect of AP-Brain at 1 g, 3 g, and 5 g on cognitive performance?\n\nParticipants will be asked to consume AP-Brain at 1 g, 3 g, or 5g, or Placebo and asked to complete memory assessment questionnaires.",[32,690],"Cognitive Performance",[100,667,692],"cognitive performance",{"date":670,"type":47},{"date":672,"type":23},{"date":674,"type":23},{"name":676,"class":54},{"id":698,"slug":699,"hasResults":12,"nctId":700,"briefTitle":701,"officialTitle":702,"acronym":703,"eligibilityCriteria":704,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":705,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":707,"briefSummary":708,"conditions":709,"keywords":718,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":727,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":728,"startDateStruct":730,"completionDateStruct":732,"leadSponsor":734,"locationsCount":55},"100640612","flumazenil-for-benzodiazepine-reversal-in-electroconvulsive-therapy-100640612","NCT07619092","Flumazenil for Benzodiazepine Reversal in Electroconvulsive Therapy","Flumazenil for Benzodiazepine Reversal in Electroconvulsive Therapy (FLEET): A Randomized Controlled Trial","FLEET","Inclusion criteria:\n\n* Current depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar), corresponding to ICD-10 codes F31.3-5, F32 or F33.\n* Admitted at a study affiliated department in the Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark\n* Referred to ECT by the regular psychiatrist and has given consent to ECT\n* Currently receiving treatment with a benzodiazepine and\u002For zopiclone, at a minimum daily dose equivalent to 0.5 mg lorazepam.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Involuntary treatment with ECT\n* Known gross abnormalities in brain structure deemed likely to influence cognitive functioning\n* Pregnancy or breast-feeding\n* Inability to read or understand Danish\n* Acute organic brain disease (e.g., delirium) influencing the ability to give informed consent\n* Any pre-existing condition associated with an increased risk of prolonged or uncontrollable seizures, including but not limited to epilepsy or alcohol- or benzodiazepine withdrawal states\n* Conditions associated with reduced metabolism of flumazenil (e.g., liver failure)",{"count":706,"type":23},145,[26],"The goal of this study is to investigate whether administering flumazenil to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines and\u002For zopiclone during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can help reduce cognitive side effects without diminishing treatment effectiveness in hospitalized patients with depression.\n\nThe investigators hypothesize that blockade of the GABA receptor with flumazenil will reduce cognitive side effects through improved seizures and a reduced need for electrical charge escalation during the ECT series. Cognitive side effects will be measured by the total score on the Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) (primary outcome) at follow-up after completion of the ECT series. Furthermore, it is expected that the flumazenil strategy will reduce pre-treatment anxiety and improve patient satisfaction (secondary outcomes). In addition, flumazenil strategy is hypothesized to have beneficial effects on subjective cognitive complaints, autobiographical memory, and executive functioning (secondary outcomes). Finally, the flumazenil strategy is expected to be associated with more favorable structural and functional changes in executive functioning and memory-related brain networks after completion of the ECT series, which may, in turn, be linked to better overall cognition and autobiographical memory (secondary outcome measures). For exploratory purposes, the study will also examine longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes from baseline to follow-up (tertiary outcomes).\n\nInvestigators will compare two different pre-ECT benzodiazepine management strategies:\n\n1. Flumazenil strategy (experimental): continued benzodiazepine and\u002For zopiclone use up until the time of the ECT session, followed by administration of flumazenil immediately prior to ECT\n2. Benzodiazepine withholding strategy (treatment as usual):\n\ndiscontinuation of benzodiazepines and\u002For zopiclone prior to the ECT in accordance with standard clinical practice",[710,711,712,32,713,714,715,716,717],"Depression - Major Depressive Disorder","Bipolar Disorder (BD)","Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)","Autobiographical Memory","Electroconvulsive Therapy","ECT","Treatment Outcome","Inpatients",[719,720,721,722,723,724,717,725,726,716,32],"flumazenil","benzodiazepine reversal","electroconvulsive therapy","randomized controlled trial","functional magnetic resonance imaging","Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT)","Major Depressive Disorder","Bipolar Disorder","2026-05-27",{"date":729,"type":47},"2026-06-01",{"date":731,"type":47},"2026-01-15",{"date":733,"type":23},"2028-08",{"name":735,"class":82},"Anders Jørgensen",{"id":737,"slug":738,"hasResults":12,"nctId":739,"briefTitle":740,"officialTitle":741,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":742,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":743,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":93,"phases":4,"briefSummary":744,"conditions":745,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":747,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":748,"startDateStruct":750,"completionDateStruct":752,"leadSponsor":753,"locationsCount":55},"100639786","human-neural-correlates-of-multi-timescale-inference-100639786","NCT07606469","Human Neural Correlates of Multi-Timescale Inference","Neuronal Mechanisms of Human Cognition","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electrode monitoring for uncontrolled seizures.\n* no lesions identified in the participants' brains\n* capable of giving consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* seizure activity during task recording\n* electrodes in regions of interest are identified to be the seizure focus\n* task performance outside of the normal range as determined from online studies with healthy participants",{"count":472,"type":23},"Adult epilepsy patients who are undergoing intracranial monitoring will participate in a simple behavioral task during the clinical recording period.",[32,746],"Brain Activity","2026-05-18",{"date":749,"type":47},"2026-05-26",{"date":751,"type":23},"2026-06-15",{"date":536,"type":23},{"name":754,"class":82},"University of Colorado, Boulder",{"id":756,"slug":757,"hasResults":12,"nctId":758,"briefTitle":759,"officialTitle":760,"acronym":761,"eligibilityCriteria":762,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":763,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":765,"briefSummary":766,"conditions":767,"keywords":772,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":747,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":774,"startDateStruct":776,"completionDateStruct":778,"leadSponsor":780,"locationsCount":55},"100638614","the-effects-of-high-intensity-interval-training-on-gait-balance-and-cognitive-functions-in-individuals-with-multiple-sclerosis-100638614","NCT07578740","The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Gait, Balance, and Cognitive Functions in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis","Investigating the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Gait, Balance, and Cognition in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis","HIIT-MS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis by a neurologist (Hacettepe University Hospitals, Neurology Outpatient Clinic)\n* Age 18 years and older\n* EDSS score between 0 and 4\n* Score of 24 or above on the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination\n* No relapse in the past 3 months\n* Medically stable for at least 6 months\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n• Any additional cardiopulmonary, neurological, or systemic disease other than MS",{"count":764,"type":23},40,[26],"This study aims to comparatively investigate the effects of low-volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on gait, balance, cognitive functions, and neurovascular biomarkers (BDNF, VEGF) in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation.",[768,769,387,770,32,771],"Multiple Sclerosis","High-intensity Interval Training","Balance","Biomarkers",[773],"Multiple Sclerosis, High-Intensity Interval Training, HIIT, Gait, Balance, Cognition, BDNF, VEGF, Randomized Controlled Trial",{"date":775,"type":47},"2026-05-20",{"date":777,"type":23},"2026-07",{"date":779,"type":23},"2028-06",{"name":781,"class":82},"Hacettepe University",{"id":783,"slug":784,"hasResults":12,"nctId":785,"briefTitle":786,"officialTitle":787,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":788,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":237,"minAge":789,"maxAge":790,"enrollmentInfo":791,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":793,"briefSummary":794,"conditions":795,"keywords":800,"overallStatus":105,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":747,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":807,"startDateStruct":808,"completionDateStruct":810,"leadSponsor":812,"locationsCount":55},"100589347","acute-impact-of-whey-protein-enriched-milk-fat-globule-membrane-supplementation-on-postprandial-markers-of-heart-and-brain-health-100589347","NCT06953232","Acute Impact of Whey Protein-enriched Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation on Postprandial Markers of Heart and Brain Health","Acute Impact of Whey Protein-enriched Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation on Postprandial Markers of Heart and Brain Health in Postmenopausal Women Living With Overweight and at Moderate Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Apparently healthy postmenopausal women (not menstruating for 12 or more months)\n* Aged 50 - 75 years\n* BMI: 25 - 40 kg\u002Fm²\n* Moderate CVD risk\n* Recreationally active (\\> 3 x 30 min moderate exercise per week)\n* Understands and is willing and able to comply with all study procedures including eating a high-fat breakfast meal\n* Fluent in written and spoken English\n* Access to, and able to use, the internet\u002Fcomputer\u002Ftablet device\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Smoking (including vaping)\n* Diagnosed with cardiovascular disease or suffered myocardial infarction \u002Fstroke in the past twelve months\n* Existing or significant past medical history of any medical condition likely to affect the study outcomes e.g., diabetes, digestive, cancer or thyroidal disease, neurological disease (Alzheimer's disease, other form of dementia, mild cognitive impairment), or serious mental illness know to affect cognition (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder), learning disorders (dyslexia)\n* Early or premature menopause resulting from medical conditions or undergoing surgery\n* Hormone replacement therapy within last 6 months\n* Prescribed medications likely to interfere with study outcomes (including lipid\u002Fcholesterol-lowering medications, including statins; blood thinners, antiplatelets (anticoagulants) such as heparin, etc.; medications for blood pressure; inflammation such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, etc.; immune function, or lipid\u002Fcarbohydrate metabolism) or prescribed antibiotics within the last three months\n* Use of antidepressant or anti-anxiety medication if it has changed in the last three months or expected to change within the 3-month study period\n* Taking vitamin, mineral, or fatty acid supplements (e.g., fish oil, calcium) or unwilling stop consuming these for the duration of the study (including sufficient washout period)\n* Working night shifts\n* Inaccessible veins for blood collection via cannulation\n* Unstable weight history (≥3 kg loss or gain in the previous 3 months) or planning or currently on a weight reduction scheme\n* Known allergy or intolerance to study food (including lactose intolerance, dairy, and wheat)\n* Being vegan or any other unusual medical history or diet and lifestyle habits or practices that would preclude volunteers from participating in a dietary intervention or metabolic study\n* Excessive alcohol consumption: \\>21 unit\u002Fwk (i.e., more than 10 and a half pints of beer or 21 small glasses of wine)\n* Currently taking part or have participated in another research study in the last two months (e.g., dietary intervention)","50 Years","75 Years",{"count":792,"type":23},16,[26],"In a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover manner, this study aims to assess the impact of a high-fat mixed meal containing a whey protein (WP)-enriched milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) powdered ingredient on markers of heart and brain health in the fed state among middle-to-older-aged, postmenopausal women living with overweight and at moderate risk for cardiovascular disease.\n\nParticipants will attend two \\~8 hour study visits, where they will consume a high-fat meal containing a WP-enriched MFGM powdered ingredient or a placebo WP-based powdered ingredient. Each visit will involve anthropometric measurements and periodic assessments of heart health, including blood pressure and blood vessel stiffness measurements, blood sample collections, as well as computer-based tests measuring mood and cognition (brain function) over a 6-hour postprandial period.",[796,32,797,798,799],"Cardiovascular Diseases","Overweight or Obesity","Postmenopausal Women","Cardiometabolic Risk Factors",[801,802,803,804,805,806,529],"Milk fat globule membrane","Milk polar lipids","triacylglycerol","postprandial","cholesterol","cardiometabolic disease risk",{"date":775,"type":47},{"date":809,"type":47},"2025-09-30",{"date":811,"type":23},"2026-10",{"name":267,"class":82},{"id":814,"slug":815,"hasResults":12,"nctId":816,"briefTitle":817,"officialTitle":818,"acronym":819,"eligibilityCriteria":820,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":63,"minAge":64,"maxAge":238,"enrollmentInfo":821,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":93,"phases":4,"briefSummary":822,"conditions":823,"keywords":826,"overallStatus":43,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":833,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":834,"startDateStruct":836,"completionDateStruct":838,"leadSponsor":840,"locationsCount":4},"100638741","retrospective-analysis-of-cpet-and-cognitive-tests-of-healthy-individuals-treated-with-60-treatment-of-hbot-100638741","NCT07596641","Retrospective Analysis of CPET and Cognitive Tests of Healthy Individuals, Treated With 60 Treatment of HBOT","Retrospective Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests and Cognitive Tests of Healthy Individuals Age 18+ Years, Treated at the Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research With 60 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Treatments.","HBOT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults aged 18-65 years\n* Completed a full treatment series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions at the Sagol Center\n* Availability of pre- and post-treatment cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data\n* Availability of pre- and post-treatment cognitive assessment data\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to complete a maximal CPET test, pre and post HBOT or Missing pre- or post-treatment CPET data.\n* Incomplete HBOT treatment series\n* Missing cognitive assessment data",{"count":92,"type":23},"This retrospective observational study evaluates physiological and cognitive changes following a series of 60 hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions in healthy individuals. Participants underwent treatment five days per week, each session included 90 minutes exposure to 100% oxygen at 2ATA with a five-minute air break every 20 minutes. Pre- and post-treatment data include cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and standardized cognitive assessments. The study aims to characterize associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance following repeated HBOT exposure in a real-world clinical cohort",[824,825,32],"Hyperbaric Oxygenation","Cardiorespiratory Fitness",[819,827,828,529,829,830,831,832],"VO2MAX","VO2 PEAK","CPET","cardiopulmonary exercise testing","hyperbaric oxygen therapy","HEALTH","2026-05-17",{"date":835,"type":47},"2026-05-19",{"date":837,"type":23},"2026-12-01",{"date":839,"type":23},"2028-03-30",{"name":841,"class":511},"Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center"]