[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"disc-displacement\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:disc-displacement":28},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,2,0,[8,50],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":13,"acronym":14,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":31,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":39,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":40,"startDateStruct":43,"completionDateStruct":44,"leadSponsor":46,"locationsCount":49},"100658386","effects-of-orofacial-myofunctional-therapy-and-cervical-stabilization-exercises-in-patients-with-axis-i-group-iia-temporomandibular-dysfunction-100658386",false,"NCT07853144","Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy and Cervical Stabilization Exercises in Patients With Axis-i Group Iia Temporomandibular Dysfunction","OMT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Intra-articular, anterior disc displacement with reduction of TMJ, based on RDC\u002F TMD criteria. Axis-I, group II- Disc displacement with reduction.\n* Clinically diagnosed patients with Anterior Disc Displacement with Reduction (ADDR) from Maxillo-facial surgery department.\n* Diagnostic screening will be conducted using a cluster of clinical tests, including jaw compression, traction, and translation maneuvers, static and dynamic resistance testing, and clenching provocation. A positive diagnosis will be established when five of the six tests demonstrate positive findings.\n* All patients and subjects had permanent dentition; none had dental pain or periodontal problems, neurological or cognitive deficit.\n* Symptoms persist for ≥ 3 months\n* Pain should not be less than 4-6 on NPRS\n* Maximum mouth opening ≥ 40mm\n* Maximum relative occlusal load (50% rule)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe systemic conditions affecting muscles\u002Fjoints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, generalized joint hypermobility, neuromuscular disorders).\n* Any psychiatric\u002Fneurological disorders interfering with adherence (e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy, major psychiatric illness.\n* Previous TMJ surgery, arthroscopy, arthrocentesis, or injection therapy in past 6 months.\n* Ongoing dental appliance therapy (splints\u002Fbraces) unless stabilized ≥3 months.\n* Suspected neoplasm, infection, or fracture in craniofacial region.\n* Progressive neurological deficits (facial numbness, motor weakness).\n* Severe\u002Fconstant night pain not relieved by rest (may indicate pathology beyond DDWR).\n* Insomnia or disturbed sleep quality.","ALL","18 Years","35 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},88,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","The proposed PhD study, \"Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy and Cervical Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Axis-I, Group II-a Temporomandibular Dysfunction,\" aims to evaluate an integrated physiotherapy approach for patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR\u002FDDwR) of the temporomandibular joint.\n\nThe rationale is based on the interaction between the orofacial and cervical systems. Although OMT may improve orofacial muscle coordination and function, evidence specifically addressing ADDwR remains limited. Similarly, cervical dysfunction and impaired neuromuscular control may contribute to altered mandibular mechanics and pain. The study therefore proposes combining OMT with cervical stabilization exercises to address both regional and local dysfunctions.\n\nThe study will use a randomized controlled design at Lahore Medical and Dental College. A total of 88 participants (44 per group) are planned after accounting for 20% attrition. Participants will be adults aged 18-35 years with clinically diagnosed ADDwR, recruited using convenience sampling and subsequently randomly allocated to two groups.\n\nThe primary objective is to determine the effects of OMT with and without cervical stabilization exercises on jaw pain, mandibular range of motion, functional limitation, maximum relative occlusal load, oral repetitive behaviours, and burnout syndrome. Cervical pain and cervical range of motion are identified as secondary outcomes.\n\nThe intervention is planned for 12 weeks. OMT includes education, tongue\u002Flip\u002Fcheek and jaw exercises, functional training, TMJ mobilization, soft-tissue release, and home exercises. Cervical stabilization includes deep neck-flexor activation, cervical bracing, progressive stabilization and strengthening exercises.\n\nOutcome measures include the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, TheraBite for mandibular ROM, OccluSense for occlusal loading, cervical inclinometer, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale, Oral Behavior Checklist, and Stress Data will be analyzed using SPSS, with intention-to-treat analysis. Linear mixed-effects models or repeated-measures ANOVA will assess group, time, and group × time effects, while ANCOVA\u002FLMM contrasts will examine changes from baseline to 12 weeks. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals will also be reported.\n\nIn essence: the study investigates whether adding cervical stabilization exercises to OMT provides additional improvements in pain, jaw function, occlusal loading, oral behaviours, burnout, and cervical outcomes in patients with Axis-I Group II-a TMD\u002FADDwR.",[27,28,29,30],"Temporo-mandibular Dysfunction","Disc Displacement","Axis I Diagnosis","Disc Displacement With Reduction",[32,33,34,35,36,37],"Temporomandibular dysfunction","axis-i TMD","group iia TMD","disc displacement with reduction","Orofacial myofunctional therapy","cervical stabilization exercises","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-09-27",{"date":41,"type":42},"2026-10-01","ACTUAL",{"date":41,"type":21},{"date":45,"type":21},"2027-06-30",{"name":47,"class":48},"University of Lahore","OTHER",1,{"id":51,"slug":52,"hasResults":11,"nctId":53,"briefTitle":54,"officialTitle":55,"acronym":14,"eligibilityCriteria":56,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":57,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":59,"briefSummary":60,"conditions":61,"keywords":63,"overallStatus":38,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":70,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":71,"startDateStruct":73,"completionDateStruct":74,"leadSponsor":76,"locationsCount":49},"100656555","effects-of-orofascial-myofunctional-therapy-and-cervical-stabilization-exercises-on-temporomandibular-dysfunction-100656555","NCT07828587","Effects of Orofascial Myofunctional Therapy and Cervical Stabilization Exercises on Temporomandibular Dysfunction","Effects of Orofascial Myofunctional Therapy and Cervical Stabilization Exercises on Jaw Pain, Range of Motion, Occlusal Load and Functional Limitation in Patients With Temporomandibular Dysfunction","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* All genders\n* Aged between 18-35 years\n* Intra-articular, anterior disc displacement with reduction of TMJ, based on RDC\u002FTMD criteria\n* Axis-I, group II - Disc displacement with reduction\n* Clinically diagnosed patients with Anterior Disc Displacement with Reduction (ADDR) from Maxillo-facial surgery department\n* Diagnostic screening will be conducted using a cluster of clinical tests, including jaw compression, traction, and translation maneuvers, static and dynamic resistance testing, and clenching provocation\n* A positive diagnosis will be established when five of the six tests demonstrate positive findings\n* All patients and subjects had permanent dentition; none had dental pain or periodontal problems, neurological or cognitive deficit\n* Symptoms persist for ≥ 3 months\n* Pain should not be less than 4\u002F10 on NPRS\n* Maximum mouth opening ≥ 40mm\n* Maximum relative occlusal load (50% rule)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Severe systemic conditions affecting muscles or joints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, generalized joint hypermobility, neuromuscular disorders).\n* Any psychiatric or neurological disorders interfering with adherence (e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy, major psychiatric illness such as anxiety, stress, or depression).\n* Previous TMJ surgery, arthroscopy, arthrocentesis, or injection therapy in the past 6 months.\n* Ongoing dental appliance therapy (splints\u002Fbraces) unless stabilized for at least 3 months.\n* Suspected neoplasm, infection, or fracture in the craniofacial region.\n* Progressive neurological deficits (e.g., facial numbness, motor weakness).\n* Severe or constant night pain not relieved by rest (which may indicate pathology beyond disc displacement with reduction).\n* Insomnia or disturbed sleep quality.",{"count":58,"type":21},80,[24],"Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the craniofacial region and are characterized by pain, joint sounds, restricted movement, and functional limitations. Anterior disc displacement is one of the most frequently observed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and is classified as anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) or without reduction (ADDwoR). In ADDwR, the articular disc becomes displaced during mandibular movement but returns to its normal position during opening, commonly producing a clicking sound. Although disc displacement can occur in asymptomatic individuals, repeated episodes may interfere with normal joint mechanics, alter mandibular movement, and contribute to maladaptive muscular activity. In some patients, ADDwR may progress to disc displacement without reduction, resulting in limited mouth opening, restricted lateral movement, minimal condylar translation, and deviation of the mandible toward the affected side. TMDs have a multifactorial etiology involving trauma, parafunctional activities such as clenching and bruxism, emotional stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, abnormal muscle recruitment, occlusal characteristics, and disc or bony morphology. Epidemiological evidence indicates that TMDs are particularly common among adults aged 18-60 years, with a consistent female predominance. Individuals exposed to repetitive masticatory activities and high-stress occupations may also be at increased risk.\n\nNormal orofacial function depends on coordinated activation of the jaw, tongue, lips, cheeks, palate, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles. Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) consists of individualized oral and peri-oral exercises designed to retrain muscle function and improve the coordination of the stomatognathic system. OMT may promote appropriate tongue posture, nasal breathing, lip seal, swallowing, mastication, and jaw-muscle coordination. Although OMT has demonstrated benefits in several orofacial conditions, its specific role in TMD, particularly ADDwR, remains insufficiently explored. The TMJ also has a close anatomical and neurophysiological relationship with the cervical spine. Cervical muscles contribute to head stabilization during chewing, swallowing, speaking, and breathing, while convergence between trigeminal and cervical sensory pathways can facilitate pain referral between the neck and craniofacial region. Consequently, cervical postural abnormalities, instability, and impaired neuromuscular control may contribute to mandibular dysfunction and TMJ-related pain. Cervical stabilization exercises (CSE) may therefore complement OMT by improving deep cervical muscle activation, reducing excessive superficial muscle activity, and enhancing overall neuromuscular control.\n\nCurrent research suggests that OMT may improve pain, oral function, muscle activity, and other functional outcomes; however, the evidence remains inconclusive because many studies involve heterogeneous TMD populations, small samples, methodological limitations, combined interventions, and potential placebo effects. Most previous research has also failed to focus specifically on joint-level characteristics such as disc position, reduction mechanics, and condylar-disc coordination. Therefore, a diagnostically precise investigation of patients with ADDwR is warranted. Examining OMT combined with cervical stabilization may provide a more comprehensive rehabilitation approach by addressing both local orofacial dysfunction and associated cervical impairments. Such an integrated intervention could improve mandibular function, muscle coordination, pain, and overall TMJ-related disability. Further high-quality research is therefore needed to establish the effectiveness of combined OMT and cervical stabilization specifically in patients with ADDwR and to guide evidence-based, outcome-oriented management of this common condition.",[62,27,28],"Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)",[64,65,66,67,68,69],"jaw pain","range of motion","occlusal load","functional limitations","patients with temporomandibular dysfunction","effects of orofacial and cervical stabilization exercises in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction","2026-09-15",{"date":72,"type":42},"2026-09-18",{"date":70,"type":21},{"date":75,"type":21},"2027-02-15",{"name":77,"class":48},"Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences"]