[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"multiple-sclerosis\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:multiple-sclerosis":30},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,426,0,25,[9,54,78,100,127,157,176,203,227,250,272,302,325,349,370,393,417,437,457,476,505,527,552,574,595],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":15,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":33,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":42,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":43,"startDateStruct":46,"completionDateStruct":48,"leadSponsor":50,"locationsCount":53},"100643017","early-phase-1-coupled-gentamicin-lactobacillus-rhamnosus-in-nlutd-100643017",false,"NCT07643974","Coupled Gentamicin-Lactobacillus Rhamnosus in NLUTD","Effect of Dose Timing of Coupled Intravesical Gentamicin and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus LGG on Success and Length of Colonization in Men and Women With SCI\u002FD and NLUTD","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Neurologic diagnosis\n* ≥18 years old\n* Neurogenic bladder for at least 6 months\n* No USQNB-IC A, B1, or B2 symptoms\n* No currently diagnosed UTI (within 24 hours of initiating instillations)\n* Community dwelling (not in acute hospital setting)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known genitourinary pathology beyond NLUTD (i.e. kidney stones, bladder stones, vesicoureteral reflux, etc.)\n* Use of prophylactic antibiotics or any antibiotics within 2 weeks of beginning instillations\n* Instillation of intravesical agents other than saline bladder wash\n* Immunodeficiency\n* Psychologic or psychiatric conditions influencing the ability to follow instructions\n* Allergy to ampicillin, daptomycin, gentamicin\u002Fgentamycin, or probiotics\n* Participation in another study which could confound results","ALL","18 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},48,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"EARLY_PHASE1","The main objective of the proposed research study is to determine in men and women with spinal cord injury\u002Fdisease and neurogenic bladder whether the dose of coupled gentamicin \\& Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG affects the recolonization of the bladder, and whether the rate of success differs by sex. Secondary objectives include determining whether that recolonization lasts 7, 14, or 28 days; and safety of the coupled gentamicin \\& Lactobacillus instillations.",[27,28,29,30,31,32],"Spinal Cord Injury","Neurogenic Bladder (NB)","Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction","Multiple Sclerosis","Spina Bifida","Urinary Tract Infection(UTI)",[34,35,36,37,38,39,40],"gentamicin","gentamycin","lactobacillus","spinal cord injury","spinal cord disease","urinary tract infection","neurogenic bladder","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-20",{"date":44,"type":45},"2026-08-21","ACTUAL",{"date":47,"type":21},"2026-08",{"date":49,"type":21},"2027-09",{"name":51,"class":52},"Medstar Health Research Institute","OTHER",2,{"id":55,"slug":56,"hasResults":12,"nctId":57,"briefTitle":58,"officialTitle":59,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":60,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":61,"enrollmentInfo":62,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":64,"briefSummary":66,"conditions":67,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":42,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":69,"startDateStruct":70,"completionDateStruct":72,"leadSponsor":74,"locationsCount":77},"100631683","phase-2-a-study-to-evaluate-pharmacokinetics-pk-and-safety-of-subcutaneous-sc-ublituximab-administered-at-various-injection-sites-and-relative-bioavailability-via-autoinjector-ai-versus-syringe-subcutaneously-in-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-ms-100631683","NCT07503873","A Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Safety of Subcutaneous (SC) Ublituximab Administered at Various Injection Sites and Relative Bioavailability Via Autoinjector (AI) Versus Syringe Subcutaneously in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","A Phase 2, Multicenter, Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Subcutaneous Ublituximab Administered at Various Injection Sites and Relative Bioavailability Via Autoinjector Device Versus Syringe in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Diagnosis of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) (2017 Revised McDonald criteria).\n2. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score less than or equal to (≤) 5.5 at screening.\n3. Neurologically stable for more than (\\>) 30 days prior to screening and Day 1.\n4. Female participants of childbearing potential must consent to use an effective method of contraception from consent and for 6 months after the last dose of ublituximab.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or inactive secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).\n2. Active chronic disease of the immune system other than MS or immunodeficiency syndrome.\n3. Participants with significantly impaired bone marrow function or significant leukopenia or thrombocytopenia.\n4. Participants who received any approved therapy to treat MS within 5 half-lives of the medication prior to screening.\n5. Treatment with any investigational agent within 5 half-lives of the investigational drug prior to screening.\n6. Females who are pregnant or nursing.\n\nNote: Other protocol-specified Inclusion\u002FExclusion criteria may apply.","65 Years",{"count":63,"type":21},350,[65],"PHASE2","The purpose of this study is to evaluate the PK and safety of ublituximab SC at different sites of administration and relative bioavailability of ublituximab SC administered with a prefilled pen versus syringe.",[30],"RECRUITING",{"date":44,"type":45},{"date":71,"type":45},"2026-04-01",{"date":73,"type":21},"2029-05-30",{"name":75,"class":76},"TG Therapeutics, Inc.","INDUSTRY",39,{"id":79,"slug":80,"hasResults":12,"nctId":81,"briefTitle":82,"officialTitle":83,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":84,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":85,"minAge":86,"maxAge":87,"enrollmentInfo":88,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":91,"conditions":92,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":42,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":93,"startDateStruct":94,"completionDateStruct":96,"leadSponsor":98,"locationsCount":99},"100549419","a-study-evaluating-the-effect-of-briumvi-ublituximab-on-pregnancy-and-infant-outcomes-in-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-ms-100549419","NCT06433765","A Study Evaluating the Effect of BRIUMVI® (Ublituximab) on Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","BRIUMVI® Pregnancy Registry: A Prospective Study of Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Patients Treated With BRIUMVI®","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. For exposed cohort: Participant exposed to at least 1 dose of BRIUMVI®.\n2. For unexposed cohort: Participants not exposed to BRIUMVI® at any time during the pregnancy.\n3. Diagnosis of MS.\n4. Currently or recently (within 1 year of pregnancy outcome) pregnant.\n5. Authorization from healthcare provider to provide data to registry.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Prior to enrollment, participant has exposure to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies at any time during pregnancy.\n2. Occurrence of pregnancy outcome prior to first contact with the virtual research coordination center (VRCC) (retrospectively enrolled).\n3. Exposure to known teratogens and\u002For investigational medications during pregnancy.","FEMALE","15 Years","50 Years",{"count":89,"type":21},728,"OBSERVATIONAL","The primary objective of the study is to compare the prevalence rate of major congenital malformations (MCM) between 2 cohorts of pregnant participants with MS who are exposed to BRIUMVI® and who are unexposed to BRIUMVI®.",[30],{"date":44,"type":45},{"date":95,"type":45},"2024-06-01",{"date":97,"type":21},"2035-03-31",{"name":75,"class":76},1,{"id":101,"slug":102,"hasResults":12,"nctId":103,"briefTitle":104,"officialTitle":105,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":106,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":107,"enrollmentInfo":108,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":110,"conditions":111,"keywords":112,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":119,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":120,"startDateStruct":121,"completionDateStruct":123,"leadSponsor":125,"locationsCount":99},"100652916","a-study-comparing-effectiveness-of-kesimpta-ofatumumab-versus-ocrevus-ocrelizumab-in-real-world-practice-100652916","NCT07779460","A Study Comparing Effectiveness of Kesimpta® (Ofatumumab) Versus Ocrevus® (Ocrelizumab) in Real-world Practice","Comparative Effectiveness of Kesimpta® (Ofatumumab) Versus Ocrevus® (Ocrelizumab) in Real-world Practice: A Retrospective Study","Inclusion criteria:\n\nPatients in the pooled OMB and pooled OCR cohorts are required to meet the following eligibility criteria:\n\n* ≥1 incident claim for OMB (pooled OMB cohort) or OCR (pooled OCR cohort) in the patient identification period.\n* No claims for OMB or OCR within the 12 months prior to the index date. The index date is the date of the first OMB or OCR claim.\n* ≥2 outpatient (OP) medical claims (at least 30 days apart) with a diagnosis code for MS (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification \\[ICD-10-CM\\] code: G35) in any position, with the first claim occurring in the 12 months prior to or on index date and the second claim up to 6 months after index date, or ≥1 inpatient (IP) claim with MS recorded as the primary diagnosis in the 12 months prior to or on index date.\n* ≥18 years of age on index date.\n* Continuous healthcare plan enrollment for ≥12 months prior to index date and ≥6 months after index date.\n* Persistent use of OMB (pooled OMB cohort) or OCR (pooled OCR cohort) for ≥6 months after index date.\n\nPatients in the treatment-naïve OMB and treatment-naïve OCR cohorts are required to meet the following eligibility criteria:\n\n* Included in pooled OMB cohort or pooled OCR cohort.\n* No claims for a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) used for the treatment of MS in the 12-month baseline period.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n• Patients who do not meet the study inclusion criteria.\n\nOther protocol-defined inclusion\u002Fexclusion criteria may apply.","100 Years",{"count":109,"type":21},7466,"This study aims to generate real-world evidence on the clinical effectiveness and economic burden of ofatumumab (OMB) versus ocrelizumab (OCR) in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States (US). Clinical effectiveness will be assessed using annualized relapse rate (ARR), while economic burden will be assessed using healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and healthcare costs (HCC). This study will use two primary data sources that capture longitudinal, de-identified healthcare utilization derived from claims submitted for reimbursement.",[30],[113,114,115,116,117,118],"Multiple sclerosis","Ofatumumab","Ocrelizumab","Anti-CD20 therapy","Comparative effectiveness","Real-world evidence","2026-08-18",{"date":44,"type":45},{"date":122,"type":45},"2026-04-08",{"date":124,"type":21},"2026-12-31",{"name":126,"class":76},"Novartis Pharmaceuticals",{"id":128,"slug":129,"hasResults":12,"nctId":130,"briefTitle":131,"officialTitle":132,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":133,"healthyVolunteers":134,"sex":17,"minAge":135,"maxAge":136,"enrollmentInfo":137,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":139,"conditions":140,"keywords":142,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":150,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":151,"startDateStruct":152,"completionDateStruct":4,"leadSponsor":154,"locationsCount":99},"100117414","comprehensive-multimodal-analysis-of-neuroimmunological-diseases-of-the-central-nervous-system-100117414","NCT00794352","Comprehensive Multimodal Analysis of Neuroimmunological Diseases of the Central Nervous System","Comprehensive Multimodal Analysis of Patients With Neuroimmunological Diseases of the CNS","* PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA (for in-person and telemedicine sub-cohorts):\n\nPresentation with a clinical syndrome consistent with immune-mediated CNS disorder and\u002For\n\nNeuroimaging evidence of inflammatory and\u002For demyelinating\u002Fdysmyelinating CNS disease\n\nAt least 12 years old at the time of enrollment\n\nWilling to share medical records (including past MRI results) with the study team.\n\nAdults: Able to give informed consent on their own or via a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) or Durable Power of Attorney (DPA); or Minors: parent or legal guardian able to give consent, with child willing to give assent, if reasonable based on their age and assent capacity\n\nFor in-person sub-cohort: Able to undergo the required procedures, including LP, MRI and clinical\u002Ffunctional evaluations\n\nPATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA (for in-person and telemedicine sub-cohorts):\n\nSignificant medical condition that would make participation in research part of evaluation impossible or risky\n\nFor in-person sub-cohort: Medical contraindications for MRI (i.e. any non-organic implant or other device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump or other metallic implants, objects or body piercings that cannot be removed)\n\nUnwilling to consent for collection of biological samples or their cryopreservation\n\nPATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA for processing of collected biological samples:\n\nPresentation with a clinical syndrome consistent with immune-mediated CNS disorder and\u002For\n\nNeuroimaging evidence of inflammatory and\u002For demyelinating\u002F dysmyelinating CNS disease\n\nAbility to obtain either direct or surrogate informed consent for sample processing and storage\n\nAged 0+ years\n\nHEALTHY VOLUNTEER (in person) INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAt least 18 years old at the time of enrollment\n\nVital signs are found within normal range at the time of the screening visit\n\nAble to give informed consent\n\nAble and willing to undergo related research procedures, such as blood draw, LP\n\nHEALTHY VOLUNTEER (in person) EXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nSystemic inflammatory disorder, or inflammatory or non-inflammatory neurological diseases\n\nPrevious or current history of alcohol and substance abuse\n\nMedical contraindications for MRI (i.e. any non-organic implant or other device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump or other metallic implants, objects or body piercings that cannot be removed)\n\nMedical contraindication for LP\n\nPsychological contraindications for MRI (i.e. claustrophobia). This will be assessed at the time the medical history is collected\n\nPregnancy or current breastfeeding\n\nAny contraindications to having study procedures done\n\nHistory of auditory disorder (i.e. hearing impairment, known impaired acoustic reflex, tinnitus)\n\nHEALTHY VOLUNTEER SUB-STUDY TO OBTAIN NORMATIVE DATA FOR THE SMARTPHONE APPS:\n\nBecause this sub-study collects no personal identifiable information (PII), there are no inclusion\u002Fexclusion criteria. Participating subjects are self-declared as not having any neurological deficit, which would be the same population that would provide normative data if the apps were freely available via App store.",true,"1 Month","99 Years",{"count":138,"type":21},2400,"Inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the brain and spinal cord, such as multiple sclerosis, may be related to problems with an individual s immune system. However, more information is needed on the ways in which the cells of the immune system interact with the central nervous system (CNS). This study will compare tests performed on both healthy volunteers and individuals who have signs or symptoms of immune-related damage to their CNS.\n\nThis study will include two groups of subjects at least 12 years old. Subjects will either have symptoms of immune-related CNS damage, or will be healthy volunteers selected for comparison purposes.\n\nStudy participants will visit the NIH Clinical Center on an outpatient basis for an initial evaluation visit. During the visit, patients will provide a comprehensive medical history and undergo a neurological examination, and will provide blood samples for research purposes. The healthy volunteers will be asked to schedule a return visit for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure, and may be asked to undergo other tests requested by the study researchers on an as-needed basis. The group of patients with symptoms of immune-related CNS damage will be asked to undergo a series of tests, including the following:\n\n* MRI procedures, with a minimum of three brain MRIs and one spinal cord MRI taken approximately 4 weeks apart\n* A diagnostic lumbar puncture, performed on an outpatient basis\n* Tests of brain and vision activity\n* Additional blood and tissue samples\n\nPatients with symptoms of immune-related CNS damage may be offered the opportunity to participate in additional followup tests with NIH researchers.",[141,30],"Central Nervous System Disease",[143,30,144,145,146,147,141,148,149],"Inflammation","Neuroimmunology","Immune Disorder","Neuroimaging","Natural History","Healthy Volunteers","HV","2026-08-15",{"date":119,"type":45},{"date":153,"type":45},"2008-10-01",{"name":155,"class":156},"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","NIH",{"id":158,"slug":159,"hasResults":12,"nctId":160,"briefTitle":161,"officialTitle":162,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":163,"healthyVolunteers":134,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":164,"enrollmentInfo":165,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":167,"conditions":168,"keywords":169,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":150,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":171,"startDateStruct":172,"completionDateStruct":4,"leadSponsor":174,"locationsCount":99},"100054316","magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-to-evaluate-activity-of-multiple-sclerosis-ms-100054316","NCT00001248","Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to Evaluate Activity of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","Evaluation of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","* INCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nIn order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:\n\n1. One of the following:\n\n   1. Affected participant with either a diagnosis of MS based on currently accepted diagnostic criteria, or imaging or clinical abnormalities associated with MS.\n   2. Healthy volunteer.\n2. Age \\>=18\n3. Able to give informed consent.\n\nEXCLUSION CRITERIA:\n\nAn individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:\n\n1. Contraindication to MRI at the time of initial enrollment (with the exception of pregnancy).\n2. Unwilling to allow coded samples to be processed offsite or unwilling to have coded samples used in other studies.","120 Years",{"count":166,"type":21},3750,"Studies performed under 89-N-0045 are designed to examine the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) using MRI and immunological measures. In addition to studying the natural history of untreated patients, the natural history of patients receiving approved disease-modifying therapies of MS will be examined. In both cohorts of patients levels of disease activity on MRI will be compared with immunological characteristics in order to help identify disease mechanism. Patients with either definite MS (based either on clinical or combined clinical and MRI criteria) or with an initial presentation of neurological dysfunction consistent with MS will be studied longitudinally by MRI. Disease activity on MRI will be assessed using several MRI measures of disease activity including the number of contrast enhancing lesions, the overall burden of disease, brain atrophy and measures to assess axonal damage. Patients will be assessed clinically and correlations between immunological and genetic factors and disease activity as seen clinically or by MRI will be studied.\n\nA second cohort of patients starting the use of approved therapy will also be examined. Patients referred to NIH prior to beginning approved therapy will be assessed with a series of three monthly MRIs to determine the level of pretreatment disease activity. After beginning approved therapy under the direction of their private physician, patients will be followed similarly to the natural history cohort. Immunological and genetic findings will be accessed before and during therapy in order to help establish the mechanisms of action of the therapies and to identify mechanisms accounting for either a response or lack of response to therapy. Part of the collected samples willl be cryopreserved to provide respository for further studies focusing on detection of biomarkers indicative of disease state, disease stage or repsonse to therapies.\n\nAdditionally, a cohort of normal volunteers will be studied. The studies in the normal volunteers will be used to establish the most appropriate imaging sequences for studying normal white matter in MS patients using magnetization transfer (MT) imaging sequences for studying normal white matter in MS patients using magnetization transfer (MT) imaging and to provide normative immunological measures.\n\n...",[30],[30,170,147],"MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)",{"date":119,"type":45},{"date":173,"type":45},"1992-07-23",{"name":175,"class":156},"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)",{"id":177,"slug":178,"hasResults":12,"nctId":179,"briefTitle":180,"officialTitle":180,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":181,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":61,"enrollmentInfo":182,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":184,"briefSummary":186,"conditions":187,"keywords":188,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":196,"startDateStruct":197,"completionDateStruct":199,"leadSponsor":201,"locationsCount":99},"100652236","effects-of-face-to-face-versus-telerehabilitation-based-circuit-training-in-people-with-multiple-sclerosis-100652236","NCT07770620","Effects of Face-to-Face Versus Telerehabilitation-Based Circuit Training in People With Multiple Sclerosis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Age between 18 and 65 years Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 2.0 and 5.5 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score greater than 24 No relapse within the past 3 months Ability to walk at least 100 meters with or without an assistive device Willingness to participate in the study and provision of written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Botulinum toxin treatment for spasticity or a surgical procedure within the past 6 months Participation in a regular physiotherapy or rehabilitation program within the past 3 months Presence of a secondary neurological, orthopedic, or systemic disease that prevents independent standing and walking Presence of severe peripheral vestibular dysfunction Presence of a medical condition that may prevent participation in exercise Failure to provide written informed consent",{"count":183,"type":21},36,[185],"NA","This randomized controlled study was planned to compare the effects of delivering the same exercise content face-to-face and through telerehabilitation in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. All participants will receive circuit training for 8 weeks. The program will consist of two sessions per week, each lasting approximately 60 minutes. Assessments will be performed before and after treatment. Participants will be divided into two groups according to the mode of delivery: face-to-face and telerehabilitation. Telerehabilitation sessions will be conducted synchronously (via live connection) twice a week.\n\nThe study population will consist of adults aged 18-65 years with a diagnosis of MS who attend Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Hospital. Individuals who meet the eligibility criteria will be included in the study on a voluntary basis after being informed about the study. Participants will be allocated to the groups using stratified randomization based on EDSS scores.\n\nThe circuit training program will consist of endurance-, resistance-, and balance-focused exercise components. The effects of the interventions will be evaluated in terms of walking endurance and speed, functional mobility, dynamic balance, lower-extremity functional muscle strength, perceived walking ability, fatigue, quality of life, and the physical and psychological impact of MS. All assessments will be performed before the intervention and at the end of the 8-week program.",[30],[189,190,191,192,193,194],"multiple sclerosis","circuit training","telerehabilitation","rehabilitation","technology","Physiotherapy","2026-08-14",{"date":119,"type":45},{"date":198,"type":21},"2026-09-14",{"date":200,"type":21},"2027-02-15",{"name":202,"class":52},"Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa",{"id":204,"slug":205,"hasResults":12,"nctId":206,"briefTitle":207,"officialTitle":208,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":209,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":210,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":212,"briefSummary":213,"conditions":214,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":218,"startDateStruct":220,"completionDateStruct":222,"leadSponsor":224,"locationsCount":99},"100652002","electrical-stimulation-exercise-for-individuals-with-lower-limb-paralysis-100652002","NCT07768761","Electrical Stimulation Exercise for Individuals With Lower Limb Paralysis","Efficacy of Electrical Stimulation Exercise Training for Those With Lower Limb Paralysis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Lower limb paralysis due to SCI or other neurological disorder\n* Greater than 18 years of age\n* Innervated and excitable lower extremity muscles\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Females that are pregnant\n* Ventilator dependent\n* Current pressure injuries that would be exacerbated by exercise\n* History of spontaneous fractures\n* Cardiovascular or pulmonary disease that would limit the ability to exercise\n* Uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension\n* Large body frame that would prevent participant from comfortably fitting the exercise equipment\n* Any other medical or psychological condition that would be a contraindication to participating in an exercise program",{"count":211,"type":21},60,[185],"The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise training intervention (24-36 sessions) to improve muscle strength and endurance in the lower limbs of individuals with paralysis. Specifically, surface electrical stimulation or previously implanted stimulator will be used to stimulate the muscles during various forms of exercise training with the primary focus on improving overall endurance and maximal power output. For this study, peripheral stimulating electrodes will send electrical signals to the muscles enabling the production of coordinated movements for exercise such as cycling or rowing.",[215,216,30,217],"Spinal Cord Injury\u002FDisorder","Stroke","Traumatic Brain Injury",{"date":219,"type":45},"2026-08-17",{"date":221,"type":45},"2018-01-19",{"date":223,"type":21},"2031-01-19",{"name":225,"class":226},"Louis Stokes VA Medical Center","FED",{"id":228,"slug":229,"hasResults":12,"nctId":230,"briefTitle":231,"officialTitle":232,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":233,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":234,"targetDuration":235,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":236,"conditions":237,"keywords":239,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":244,"startDateStruct":245,"completionDateStruct":246,"leadSponsor":248,"locationsCount":99},"100651861","pain-phenotypes-in-individuals-with-multiple-sclerosis-100651861","NCT07766213","Pain Phenotypes in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis","Pain Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis Based on IASP Criteria","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older\n* Definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to the McDonald criteria\n* No MS relapse or high-dose steroid treatment within the previous 3 months\n* Pain intensity ≥2 on the Numeric Rating Scale in at least one body region for at least 3 months\n* Ability to read, understand, and communicate in Turkish\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnancy\n* Severe psychiatric disorder and\u002For severe cognitive impairment confirmed by a neurologist or neuropsychiatrist\n* Presence of a serious pathology or disease that may compromise the assessment process or affect clinical decision-making, including metastasis, cancer, untreated or unhealed fractures, neurological disorders other than multiple sclerosis, or a history of diabetes",{"count":211,"type":21},"1 Day","This observational cross-sectional study aims to determine chronic pain phenotypes in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with different pain phenotypes. Participants with MS and chronic pain will undergo a comprehensive clinical assessment to identify nociceptive, neuropathic, nociplastic, and mixed pain phenotypes. The assessment will include clinical history, pain characteristics and distribution, quantitative sensory testing, pain intensity, disease severity, fatigue, health-related quality of life, and pain catastrophizing. The clinical characteristics of participants with different pain phenotypes will subsequently be compared.",[30,238],"Chronic Pain",[240,241,242,243],"CHRONIC PAIN","NEUROPATHIC PAIN","NOCIPLASTIC PAIN","MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS",{"date":119,"type":45},{"date":150,"type":21},{"date":247,"type":21},"2027-09-15",{"name":249,"class":52},"Kutahya Health Sciences University",{"id":251,"slug":252,"hasResults":12,"nctId":253,"briefTitle":254,"officialTitle":255,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":256,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":257,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":259,"briefSummary":260,"conditions":261,"keywords":262,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":195,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":265,"startDateStruct":266,"completionDateStruct":268,"leadSponsor":270,"locationsCount":99},"100603523","motor-imagery-and-action-observation-for-gait-function-in-ms-100603523","NCT07137624","Motor Imagery and Action Observation for Gait Function in MS","Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation on Gait Initiation and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* A confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) by a neurologist\n* No history of relapse within the past 3 months and not currently experiencing a relapse\n* A score of 24 or higher on the standardized Mini Mental State Examination\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of serious health conditions affecting the muscles, heart, lungs, or metabolism that could interfere with participation\n* History of other neurological disorders, head injury, or chronic psychiatric conditions\n* Chronic pain lasting longer than six months\n* Significant muscle stiffness in the legs that may affect EMG recordings\n* Hearing difficulties\n* Vision problems as determined by the Snellen visual acuity test",{"count":258,"type":21},20,[185],"This study will investigate whether mentally simulating walking movements while watching others walk can improve walking performance in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Participants will be divided into two groups: one group will watch walking videos and imagine themselves walking, while the other group will watch nature scenes. The study will measure muscle activity and walking patterns to assess the effects. The results may help support the use of mental practice techniques to improve mobility in people with MS.",[30],[263,264],"Motor imagery","Action Observation",{"date":219,"type":45},{"date":267,"type":45},"2026-01-03",{"date":269,"type":21},"2026-09",{"name":271,"class":52},"Hacettepe University",{"id":273,"slug":274,"hasResults":12,"nctId":275,"briefTitle":276,"officialTitle":277,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":278,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":279,"enrollmentInfo":280,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":282,"briefSummary":283,"conditions":284,"keywords":292,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":294,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":295,"startDateStruct":296,"completionDateStruct":298,"leadSponsor":300,"locationsCount":99},"100651456","music-4-ms-to-improve-cognition-in-people-living-with-multiple-sclerosis-a-feasibility-study-100651456","NCT07759115","Music-4-MS to Improve Cognition in People Living With Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study","A Randomized Controlled Trial of Music-4-MS Compared to Music Listening to Improve Cognition in People Living With Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive)\n* Diagnosed more than 6 months prior to starting study\n* Self-reported cognitive impairment as assessed by having at leased 5 problems \"sometimes\" or more often on the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire\n* Read, write, and understand English\n* Access to internet\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosed with another neurological condition that causes cognitive impairment\n* MS exacerbation within the last 30 days\n* Professional musician (primary source of income)","80 Years",{"count":281,"type":21},64,[185],"Multiple sclerosis (MS) rates in the U.S. have nearly doubled over the past decade, making it a leading cause of nontraumatic functional impairment in young adults and significantly affecting cognitive function in up to 70% of people with MS. While traditional cognitive rehabilitation methods are limited in sensory engagement, music training offers a multisensory approach that enhances neuroplasticity and improves cognitive functions. This study investigates the feasibility of Music-4-MS, a 12-week music-based eHealth intervention, to support cognitive and emotional health in individuals with MS.",[30,285,286,287,288,289,290,291],"Pathologic Processes","Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System","Nervous System Diseases","Demyelinating Diseases","Autoimmune Diseases","Immune System Diseases",[293],"Cognitive rehabilitation","2026-08-13",{"date":219,"type":45},{"date":297,"type":45},"2026-08-10",{"date":299,"type":21},"2028-08",{"name":301,"class":52},"University of Texas at Austin",{"id":303,"slug":304,"hasResults":12,"nctId":305,"briefTitle":306,"officialTitle":307,"acronym":308,"eligibilityCriteria":309,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":310,"enrollmentInfo":311,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":313,"briefSummary":315,"conditions":316,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":294,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":317,"startDateStruct":318,"completionDateStruct":320,"leadSponsor":322,"locationsCount":324},"100617951","phase-3-non-inferiority-study-of-frexalimab-subcutaneous-administration-compared-to-intravenous-administration-in-adult-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-100617951","NCT07325292","Non-inferiority Study of Frexalimab Subcutaneous Administration Compared to Intravenous Administration in Adult Participants With Multiple Sclerosis","A Randomized, Phase 3, Open-label Study to Investigate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Compared to Intravenous Frexalimab in Adult Participants With Multiple Sclerosis","Frexcite","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nThe participant must qualify for inclusion per either Group A or B criteria as detailed below, meeting all the inclusion criteria of the applicable group:\n\nGroup A (RMS)\n\n* The participant must be 18 to 55 years of age, inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.\n* The participant must have been diagnosed with RMS in accordance with the 2017 revised McDonald criteria.\n* The participant must have an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of ≤5.5 at the first visit (Screening Visit).\n* The participant must have at least 1 of the following prior to screening:\n\n  * 1 documented relapse within the previous year OR\n  * 2 documented relapses within the previous 2 years, OR\n  * 1 documented Gd enhancing lesion on an MRI scan within the previous year. Group B (nrSPMS)\n* Participant must have a previous diagnosis of RRMS in accordance with the 2017 revised McDonald criteria\n* The participant must be 18 to 60 years of age, inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.\n* The participant must have a current diagnosis of SPMS in accordance with the clinical course criteria revised in 2013.\n* The participant must have documented evidence of disability progression observed during the 12 months before screening.\n* The participant must have an absence of clinical relapses for at least 24 months.\n* The participant must have an EDSS score between 3.0 and 6.5 points, inclusive, at the first visit (Screening Visit).\n\nParticipants from Group A and Group B are eligible to be included in the study only if all of the following criteria also apply:\n\n\\- Contraceptive use by men and women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* The participant has been diagnosed with primary progressive MS according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria.\n* The participant has a history of infection or may be at risk for infection:\n* Fever within 28 days of the Screening Visit\n* Presence of psychiatric disturbance or substance abuse\n* History, clinical evidence, suspicion or significant risk for thromboembolic events, as well as myocardial infarction, stroke, and\u002For antiphospholipid syndrome and any participants requiring antithrombotic treatment.\n* Current hypogammaglobulinemia defined by Ig levels (IgG and\u002For IgM) below the LLN at screening or a history of primary hypogammaglobulinemia.\n* A history or presence of disease that can mimic MS symptoms.\n* The participant has a contraindication for MRI.\n\nThe above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a patient's potential participation in a clinical trial.","60 Years",{"count":312,"type":21},160,[314],"PHASE3","This is a randomized, open-label, parallel, Phase 3 study with 2-arms for treatment.\n\nThe purpose of this study is to evaluate SC administration of frexalimab every 4 weeks (q4w) compared to IV administration of frexalimab q4w in male and female participants with RMS and nrSPMS (aged 18 to 60 years at the time of enrollment). People diagnosed with MS are eligible for enrollment as long as they meet all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria.\n\nStudy details include:\n\nThe study intervention duration will be 48 weeks (12 months) for Parts A and B combined. Optional Part C will last until the initiation of a long term safety study for Frexalimab.The follow up duration after the end of study intervention (in case of discontinuation) will be 6 months.\n\nThe number of scheduled visits (Parts A and B) will be 17 for participants receiving frexalimab SC or IV, with an on-site visit frequency of every month between Week 4 and Week 24 in Part A, then every 1 to 3 months in Part B, then every 6 months in Part C. Participants discontinuing treatment before the End of Study will have an additional 3 follow-up visits.",[30],{"date":195,"type":45},{"date":319,"type":45},"2026-01-14",{"date":321,"type":21},"2028-11-30",{"name":323,"class":76},"Sanofi",38,{"id":326,"slug":327,"hasResults":12,"nctId":328,"briefTitle":329,"officialTitle":330,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":331,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":332,"enrollmentInfo":333,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":335,"briefSummary":337,"conditions":338,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":294,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":341,"startDateStruct":342,"completionDateStruct":344,"leadSponsor":346,"locationsCount":348},"100616326","phase-1-a-study-evaluating-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-kite-363-in-relapsedrefractory-autoimmune-neurologic-diseases-100616326","NCT07304154","A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of KITE-363 in Relapsed\u002FRefractory Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases","A Phase 1 Open-label, Multiregional, Multicenter, Basket Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of KITE-363, an Autologous Anti-CD19\u002FCD20 CAR T-cell Therapy in Participants With Relapsed\u002FRefractory Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases","Key Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Reproductive status-related eligibility and contraception requirements:\n\n  * Participants must agree to use protocol-specified method(s) of contraception where applicable\n\nInclusion Criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS):\n\nMS (Relapsing and progressive forms):\n\n* Diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria\n\nRelapsing forms of MS (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), active secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (aSPMS)):\n\n* Inadequate response to previous therapies is defined as evidence of breakthrough disease activity within 12 months prior to screening while on high efficacy disease-modifying therapy (DMT) OR Inadequate response to previous therapies defined as intolerance to ≥ 2 DMTs due to side effects prohibiting the chronic use of the DMT.\n* Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 0 to 5.5\n\nProgressive forms of MS (primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and non-active secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (naSPMS)):\n\n* Inadequate response to previous therapies is defined as evidence of disease progression within 12 months prior to screening despite standard of care therapy for naSPMS or despite ocrelizumab, where available, for PPMS\n* Absence of clinical relapses for at least 24 months\n* No evidence of Gadolinium enhancing (GadE+) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain at screening or baseline\n* EDSS of 3 to 6.5 who are ambulatory\n\nInclusion Criteria for myasthenia gravis (MG):\n\n* Documentation of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), or low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4)\n* Diagnosis of MG with generalized weakness meeting criteria as defined by the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of American (MGFA) classification of II- IV at screening\n* Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score ≥ 6 (\\> 50% of the total score due to non-ocular symptoms)\n* Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score ≥ 10\n* Inadequate response to previous therapies while taking at least 2 classes of immunosuppressants (ie, steroids, azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), biologics (eg, rituximab, anti-neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (FcRN) class, and anti-complement class))\n* Thymectomy allowed if completed ≥ 12 months prior to screening\n\nInclusion Criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP):\n\n* Probable or definite CIDP as defined by the 2010 European Federation of Neurological Societies\u002FPeripheral Nerve Society (EFNS\u002FPNS) criteria, relapsing or progressive forms\n* CIDP Disease Activity Status (CDAS) score ≥ 3 at screening\n* Inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment (INCAT) score ≥ 3\n* Inadequate response to previous therapies despite standard of care therapy (ie, steroids, IVIg, subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), plasmapheresis exchange (PLEX), rituximab, or anti FcRN) OR Unable to tolerate standard of care due to side effects with ongoing disease activity\n* Except for nodal\u002Fparanodal CIDP, historical documentation of objective improvement in the past 24 months while on IVIg, SCIg, PLEX, or anti-FcRN OR Historical documentation of objective disease worsening in the past 24 months when IVIg, SCIg, PLEX, or anti-FcRN has been reduced or interrupted\n\nKey Exclusion Criteria:\n\n* History or presence of central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system disorders before enrollment that may impact cognition, strength, or cause weakness\n* History of autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant and\u002For organ transplant\n\nExclusion Criteria for MS:\n\n* Cohort 1 or 2; inability to complete 9-hole Peg Test (9-HPT) in \\\u003C 240 seconds and Timed 25 foot Walk (T25FW) \\\u003C 150 seconds\n* History of hypersensitivity to parenteral administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents\n* Any renal condition that would preclude the administration of gadolinium (for the relapsing forms of MS and progressive forms of MS)\n* Any contraindication to lumbar puncture (LP) (for the relapsing forms of MS and progressive forms of MS)\n\nExclusion Criteria for MG:\n\n* Current myasthenic crisis not effectively controlled within 2 weeks before enrollment\n* Thymectomy performed within 12 months of baseline\n\nExclusion Criteria for CIDP:\n\n* Pure sensory CIDP and focal CIDP\n* Polyneuropathy of other causes\n\nNote: Other protocol defined Inclusion\u002FExclusion criteria may apply.","75 Years",{"count":334,"type":21},52,[336],"PHASE1","This study will have two Phases: Phase 1a and Phase 1b. The goals of this clinical study are to learn more about the study drug KITE-363, by evaluating its safety, tolerability and efficacy in participants with relapsed\u002Frefractory autoimmune neurologic diseases.\n\nThe primary objectives of this study are:\n\n* To evaluate the safety and tolerability of KITE-363 in participants with autoimmune neurologic diseases\n* To determine the recommended dose for Phase 1b.\n* To evaluate the preliminary efficacy of KITE-363 in participants with autoimmune neurologic diseases.",[339,340,30],"Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy","Myasthenia Gravis",{"date":195,"type":45},{"date":343,"type":45},"2026-04-10",{"date":345,"type":21},"2029-06",{"name":347,"class":76},"Kite, A Gilead Company",8,{"id":350,"slug":351,"hasResults":12,"nctId":352,"briefTitle":353,"officialTitle":353,"acronym":354,"eligibilityCriteria":355,"healthyVolunteers":134,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":356,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":357,"conditions":358,"keywords":359,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":362,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":363,"startDateStruct":364,"completionDateStruct":366,"leadSponsor":368,"locationsCount":4},"100651930","plasmatic-extracellular-vesicles-as-biomarkers-of-neural-tissue-damage-100651930","NCT07769294","PLasmatic Extracellular Vesicles AS Biomarkers of nEural Tissue Damage","PLEASE","Inclusion Criteria: For multiple sclerosis: age 18-50 years old; diagnosis of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (3). No steroid treatment at enrolment and in the 3 months before.\n\nFor stroke: age \\>18 years, diagnosis of ischemic stroke and presented within 24h from symptoms onset .\n\nExclusion Criteria: For multiple sclerosis: any other neurological or autoimmune disease; any previous disease modifying treatment.\n\nFor stroke: signs or symptoms of infection on admission, or a history of immunological, haematological disease, or previous neurological disease.",{"count":211,"type":21},"Recently proposed central nervous system damage biomarkers detectable in biofluids, such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) have several limits, including a lack in specificity and a kinetic that does not allow them to be used as outcome measures in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases such as the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) or the sequelae of stroke. Our team has pioneered the detection of central nervous system (CNS) extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers in MS and Alzheimer's Disease. If EVs are not the best solution themselves, we propose also to investigate their content to reveal potential new biomarkers having the same significance and an easier detection technology. Thus, we propose here to set-up front line technologies to detect EVs of CNS origin, or their content, in the plasma of persons affected by MS or by stroke to find better ways to monitor ongoing neurodegenerative processes and therefore allow easier development of new treatments.",[30,216],[360,361],"extracellular vesicles","biomarkers","2026-08-12",{"date":219,"type":45},{"date":365,"type":21},"2026-09-15",{"date":367,"type":21},"2028-07-31",{"name":369,"class":52},"Roberto Furlan",{"id":371,"slug":372,"hasResults":12,"nctId":373,"briefTitle":374,"officialTitle":375,"acronym":376,"eligibilityCriteria":377,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":61,"enrollmentInfo":378,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":380,"briefSummary":382,"conditions":383,"keywords":384,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":362,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":387,"startDateStruct":388,"completionDateStruct":389,"leadSponsor":391,"locationsCount":99},"100637777","phase-4-a-study-of-ocrelizumab-administered-subcutaneously-in-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-who-switch-from-an-approved-anti-cd20-therapy-100637777","NCT07609719","A Study of Ocrelizumab Administered Subcutaneously in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis Who Switch From an Approved Anti-CD20 Therapy","A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-arm Study of Ocrelizumab Administered Subcutaneously in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Who Switch From an Approved Anti-CD20 Therapy","OSSIA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of RMS or PPMS according to the revised McDonald 2017 criteria\n* Documented Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 0-6.5, inclusive, at screening (or within 6 months of screening)\n* Participants discontinuing aCD20 therapy for reasons including, but not limited to, physician\u002Fparticipant preference, access to commercial drug (e.g., insurance coverage issues), or other logistical reasons (such as geographical relocation, travel, etc.) are eligible for this study\n* Prior treatment with ofatumumab SC, ublituximab-xiiy IV, or ocrelizumab IV aCD20 therapy\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participants who have demonstrated suboptimal response to aCD20 therapy\n* Discontinuing aCD20 therapy because of any of the following treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs): 1) Grade ≥3 severe infusion-related reaction (IRRs) or injection reactions (IRs); 2) Recurrent Grade ≥3 infections, or the need for ≥2 courses of antibiotics in the 12 months prior to screening, if the investigator believes infection is related to therapy\n* Participants with contraindication to Gd+ and participants who for any reason cannot tolerate MRI procedure\n* Known presence of active, recurrent, or chronic infection (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus \\[HIV\\], syphilis, human papillomavirus \\[HPV\\], tuberculosis \\[TB\\])\n* History of confirmed or suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)\n* Known presence of neurologic disorders that may interfere with the diagnosis of RMS or PPMS\n* Any concomitant disease that may require treatment with systemic corticosteroids (e.g., mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids) or immunosuppressants during the study\n* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to ocrelizumab, rHuPH20, or excipients of the OCR SC formulation\n* Any previous treatment with bone marrow transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation\n* Treatment with any live-attenuated vaccine within 6 weeks prior to baseline\n* Treatment with any experimental procedures for RMS or PPMS (e.g., treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency)\n* Previous treatment with cladribine, atacicept, alemtuzumab or mitoxantrone\n* Positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test at screening\n\nOther protocol defined inclusion and exclusion criteria may apply.",{"count":379,"type":21},100,[381],"PHASE4","The purpose of this study is to assess the imaging biomarkers, patient outcomes, safety, tolerability, and treatment satisfaction of ocrelizumab (OCR) combined with recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) administered subcutaneously (SC) in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) after switching from another anti-cluster of differentiation 20 (aCD20) therapy approved for RMS (ofatumumab SC, ublituximab-xiiy intravenous \\[IV\\], ocrelizumab IV) or PPMS (ocrelizumab IV).",[30],[385,386],"Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis",{"date":294,"type":45},{"date":219,"type":21},{"date":390,"type":21},"2029-02-28",{"name":392,"class":76},"Genentech, Inc.",{"id":394,"slug":395,"hasResults":12,"nctId":396,"briefTitle":397,"officialTitle":398,"acronym":399,"eligibilityCriteria":400,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":401,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":402,"briefSummary":403,"conditions":404,"keywords":405,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":362,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":410,"startDateStruct":411,"completionDateStruct":413,"leadSponsor":415,"locationsCount":99},"100612678","hypnosis-and-attention-in-patients-with-a-neurological-disease-stroke-traumatic-brain-injury-and-multiple-sclerosis-100612678","NCT07256704","Hypnosis and Attention in Patients With a Neurological Disease (Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury and Multiple Sclerosis)","Hypnosis and Attention in Patients With a Neurological Disease","HYPNOVA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ICD-10 Diagnosis of stroke, TBI or MS\n* Admitted to the inpatient and\u002For outpatient in the Clinic for Neurology and Neurorehabilitation\n* Age 18 years old or older\n* Understanding the German language\n* Written informed consent\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- Psychiatric disease\n\nExclusion criteria for the EEG:\n\n\\- Scalp or skin conditions that interfere with EEG electrode placement (e.g. open wounds, infections, severe psoriasis) Implanted medical or neurostimulation devices that interfere with EEG electrode placement (e.g. deep brain stimulators, cochlear implants)",{"count":20,"type":21},[185],"This feasibility study investigates the potential of hypnosis as a complementary therapy for improving attentional deficits and reducing fatigue in patients with neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and multiple sclerosis (MS). These patients often experience reduced spontaneous visual exploration and impaired functional independence despite current rehabilitation approaches. By integrating hypnosis with standard care and using EEG to monitor brain activity during hypnosis and sham-hypnosis sessions, this trial aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of hypnosis in enhancing attention and reducing fatigue.",[216,217,30],[406,407,408,409],"Hypnosis","Attention deficit","Neurorehabilitation","Electroencephalography (EEG)",{"date":195,"type":45},{"date":412,"type":45},"2025-11-18",{"date":414,"type":21},"2029-07-31",{"name":416,"class":52},"Luzerner Kantonsspital",{"id":418,"slug":419,"hasResults":12,"nctId":420,"briefTitle":421,"officialTitle":422,"acronym":423,"eligibilityCriteria":424,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":425,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":427,"conditions":428,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":362,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":429,"startDateStruct":430,"completionDateStruct":432,"leadSponsor":434,"locationsCount":436},"100576043","a-study-to-investigate-effects-of-ocrelizumab-treatment-on-neurofilament-light-chain-nfl-levels-and-participant-satisfaction-in-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-ms-100576043","NCT06780150","A Study to Investigate Effects of Ocrelizumab Treatment on Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) Levels and Participant Satisfaction in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","SurfSubQ - A Prospective Longitudinal Multicenter Observational Study to Investigate Neurofilament Light Chain Levels and Patient Satisfaction After Subcutaneous Ocrelizumab Administration in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis","SurfSubQ","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of MS\n* RMS and PPMS participants diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria of 2017 or revised McDonald criteria 2024\n* First treatment during the course of MS therapy with ocrelizumab SC according to the local prescribing information, regardless of the reason for starting treatment with ocrelizumab\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participation in interventional studies investigating DMTs for MS\n* Prior or simultaneous participation in CONFIDENCE or MoOzaRt (ISRCTN55332718) non interventional study (NIS) at the same study site\n* Prior treatment with rituximab (MabThera®) or ublituximab (Briumvi®)\n* Severe psychiatric disability\n* Pregnant women",{"count":426,"type":21},842,"The main purpose of the study is to evaluate participant satisfaction after administration of ocrelizumab subcutaneously (SC) after 12 months using the therapy administration satisfaction questionnaire subcutaneous (TASQ-SC).",[30],{"date":294,"type":45},{"date":431,"type":45},"2024-09-26",{"date":433,"type":21},"2028-03-31",{"name":435,"class":76},"Hoffmann-La Roche",92,{"id":438,"slug":439,"hasResults":12,"nctId":440,"briefTitle":441,"officialTitle":441,"acronym":442,"eligibilityCriteria":443,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":136,"enrollmentInfo":444,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":446,"briefSummary":447,"conditions":448,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":449,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":450,"startDateStruct":451,"completionDateStruct":453,"leadSponsor":455,"locationsCount":99},"100601526","artificial-intelligence-assisted-magnetic-resonance-imaging-for-quality-efficiency-and-equity-in-the-national-health-service-nhs-care-of-multiple-sclerosis-100601526","NCT07111637","Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Quality, Efficiency and Equity in the National Health Service (NHS) Care of Multiple Sclerosis","AssistMS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Clinically Isolated Syndrome suggestive of demyelination (CIS) or definitive diagnosis of MS.\n* Undergoing MRI head investigation.\n* On an MS DMT pathway.\n* Access to a smartphone, tablet or computer.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* patients with Multiples Sclerosis participating in a randomised controlled CTIMP (participating in a single arm study may be included, provided this is in line with the other protocol).",{"count":445,"type":21},1336,[185],"Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-term disease that affects over 150,000 people in the UK. Starting treatment early is important for managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It is also essential to monitor the treatment to see if it is working and to switch treatments if needed.\n\nMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the only accepted tool to monitor how well the treatment is working. Current evaluation of brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans requires visual inspection, of which sensitivity is degraded by human, and technical factors, such as lack of time, fatigue of radiologists, and lack of standardization of image acquisition protocols across the National Health Service (NHS). MRI-readings can be significantly enhanced by artificial intelligence (AI)-assistive software. Evidence suggests the rate of new lesion detection to be 3 - 4 times higher when using assistive software compared to visual inspection of MRI scans.\n\nIn this study, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) software called \"icobrain ms.\" developed by the company \"icometrix\" (Leuven, Belgium) is tested. This tool helps track MS by measuring changes in the brain using MRI scans. The AI can highlight problem areas and create reports that doctors can use to make better decisions about participants' treatment. The aim of the study is to prove that icobrain ms can be used to assist the neuro-radiologist with their visual assessment of MRI scans by a radiologist, and that it will help clinicians make more informed decisions about participants' current MS treatment.",[30],"2026-08-11",{"date":362,"type":45},{"date":452,"type":45},"2025-06-14",{"date":454,"type":21},"2027-04-14",{"name":456,"class":52},"Queen Mary University of London",{"id":458,"slug":459,"hasResults":12,"nctId":460,"briefTitle":461,"officialTitle":462,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":463,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":61,"enrollmentInfo":464,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":466,"briefSummary":467,"conditions":468,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":449,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":469,"startDateStruct":470,"completionDateStruct":472,"leadSponsor":474,"locationsCount":475},"100493377","phase-1-a-study-to-investigate-the-safety-tolerability-and-processing-by-the-body-of-intravenous-and-subcutaneous-ro7121932-administration-in-participants-with-multiple-sclerosis-100493377","NCT05704361","A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Processing by the Body of Intravenous and Subcutaneous RO7121932 Administration in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis","A Multiple-center, Non-randomized, Open-label, Adaptive, Single-ascending Dose (Part 1 and Part 2) and Multiple-ascending Dose (Part 3), and Long-term Safety (Part 4), Parallel, Phase IB Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Immunogenicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of RO7121932 Following Intravenous (Parts 1 and 4) and Subcutaneous (Parts 2, 3 and 4) Administration in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤7.0 at Screening\n* Participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) or progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) who fulfil international panel criteria for diagnosis (McDonald 2017 criteria)\n* Participants not treated with any approved MS treatment at Screening and not planning to start on any MS therapy during the study (including follow-up)\n* Biological male and female participants\n* Female participants must practice abstinence or otherwise use contraception\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Evidence of clinical disease activity as defined by any clinical relapse within 3 months prior to screening, or by \\>1 clinical relapse within 12 months prior to screening\n* Evidence of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity as defined by the presence of ≥ 1 Gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing T1 lesion in the screening MRI scan or by ≥ 4 new or enlarging T2 lesions in the screening scan as compared to a reference scan\n* Participants who have active progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), have had confirmed PML, or have a high degree of suspicion for PML\n* Known presence of other neurological disorders that may mimic MS including but not limited to: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, Lyme disease, untreated Vitamin B12 deficiency, neurosarcoidosis, cerebrovascular disorders, and untreated hypothyroidism\n* Known active or uncontrolled bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial infection or other infection, excluding fungal infection of nail beds, including participants exhibiting symptoms consistent with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 6 weeks prior to Day 1\n* Participants with a current diagnosis of epilepsy\n* Clinically significant cardiac, metabolic, hematologic, hepatic, immunologic, urologic, endocrinologic, neurologic, pulmonary, psychiatric, dermatologic, allergic, renal, gastrointestinal or other major diseases\n* History of cancer, including hematologic malignancy and solid tumors, within 10 years of screening. Basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been excised and is considered cured and in situ carcinoma of the cervix treated with apparent success by curative therapy \\>1 year prior to screening is not exclusionary\n* History of inflammatory bowel disease or other clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders\n* Any concomitant disease that may require treatment with systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressants during course of the study\n* History of currently active primary or secondary (non-drug-related) immunodeficiency\n* History of hypersensitivity to biologic agents or any of the excipients in the formulation\n* Only for cohorts where CSF samples are planned to be collected: Participants with a history of spinal cord compression, raised intra-cerebral pressure, clinically significant vertebral joint pathology or any other current abnormalities in the lumbar region which could prevent the lumbar puncture procedure.\n\nPrior\u002FConcomitant Therapy:\n\n* Treatment with any approved MS treatment at Screening. Participants may become eligible after completion of a washout period prior to acquiring any screening laboratory tests but should not be withdrawn from therapies for the sole purpose of meeting eligibility for the trial\n* Previous treatment with RO7121932, alemtuzumab, cladribine, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, bone marrow transplantation, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For the USA only, previous treatment with daclizumab\n* Previous treatment with anti-CD20 B-cell-depleting therapies (e.g., rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab)\n\n  * \\\u003C12 months prior to acquiring any screening laboratory tests,\n  * ≥12 months prior to acquiring any screening laboratory tests, if B-cells are outside the normal range, or not back to individual baseline ± 20% (if data are available),\n  * If discontinuation of a prior B-cell depletion therapy was motivated by safety reasons\n* Current or prior treatment with natalizumab (if \\\u003C24 months prior to acquiring any screening laboratory tests)\n\nPrior\u002FConcurrent Clinical Study Experience:\n\n\\- Participation in an investigational drug medicinal product or medical device study within 30 days before Screening or within five times the pharmacodynamic (PD) or pharmacokinetic (PK) half-life (if known), whichever is longer\n\nDiagnostic Assessments:\n\n* Positive result on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1) and HIV2, hepatitis C, or hepatitis B\n* Participants with SI or behavior within 6 months prior to Screening or participants who, in the Investigator's judgment, pose a suicidal or homicidal risk\n* Vaccination with a live or live-attenuated vaccine within 6 weeks prior to Day 1",{"count":465,"type":21},119,[336],"The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single-ascending intravenous (IV) dose (Part 1), a single-ascending subcutaneous (SC) dose (Part 2), and multiple ascending SC doses (Part 3), and multiple-ascending SC doses following a single IV dose (Part 4) of RO7121932 in participants with multiple sclerosis (MS). Only Parts 1 and 2 of the study will be conducted in the United States, whereas Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be conducted in all other participating countries outside the United States.",[30],{"date":294,"type":45},{"date":471,"type":45},"2021-08-11",{"date":473,"type":21},"2027-07-08",{"name":435,"class":76},32,{"id":477,"slug":478,"hasResults":12,"nctId":479,"briefTitle":480,"officialTitle":481,"acronym":482,"eligibilityCriteria":483,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":61,"enrollmentInfo":484,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":486,"briefSummary":487,"conditions":488,"keywords":489,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":297,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":499,"startDateStruct":500,"completionDateStruct":501,"leadSponsor":503,"locationsCount":4},"100651783","phase-2-evaluating-the-use-of-oral-indapamide-to-reduce-disabiltiy-progression-in-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-ms-100651783","NCT07765212","Evaluating the Use of Oral Indapamide to Reduce Disabiltiy Progression in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","Open-Label, Single-Center, Single-Arm Phase 2 Futility Trial Evaluating the Use of Oral Indapamide for Reducing Pprogression of Disability in People With Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","INDAMS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Written informed consent obtained\n* Aged between 18 and 65 years\n* Diagnosed with PPMS or SPMS, according to current diagnostic criteria\n* Screening Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 4.0 and 6.5 inclusive.\n* Screening T25FW (average of two trials) of 5 seconds or more for people with PPMS, or of 9 seconds or more for people with SPMS\n* Use of effective methods of contraception for women of childbearing potential.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals with renal insufficiency and an eGFR below 30ml\u002Fmin per 1.73 m2\n* Individuals with a blood pressure below 110 mmHg systolic or 70 mmHg diastolic\n* Individuals with significant hepatic impairment (pre-existing or developing during the trial)\n* Individuals with clinically significant abnormal screening labs\n* Individuals with cardiac arrhythmia\n* Individuals with a prolonged QT interval: individuals with frequency corrected QT (QTc) intervals of more than 450ms (men) or 470ms (women) at the screening examination will not be included in the study, and participants with QTc intervals of greater than 500ms on any of the other ECG examinations throughout the study will be excluded from the study.\n* Individuals who are pregnant or currently breast-feeding\n* Individuals with an allergy or other intolerability to IND\n* Individuals who use Fampridine or 4-aminopyridine\n* Individuals who start Fampridine or 4-aminopyridine during the trial\n* Individuals who start Baclofen or Tizanidine during the trial\n* Individuals who increase the dose of Baclofen or Tizanidine during the trial\n* Individuals who receive treatment with Botulinum toxin in the leg muscles during the trial\n* Individuals who use siponimod, ocrelizumab, natalizumab or other disease-modifying treatment for RRMS\n* Individuals with recent gadolinium enhancement or new T2 lesions on brain\u002Fspinal cord MRI in the 6 months prior to inclusion\n* Concomitant use of corticosteroids",{"count":485,"type":21},75,[65],"The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether treatment with indapamide can slow the rate of progression in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The main question it aims to answer is whether this treatment can reduce the speed at which the walking speed of patients with progressive MS (PMS) worsens. Participants will take an indapamide tablet once daily for 12 months. During this time, among others, their walking speed will be assessed several times.",[30],[490,491,492,493,494,495,385,496,497,498],"Indapamide","Futility trial","Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","PMS","PPMS","SPMS","Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","Timed 25 foot walk","T25FW",{"date":195,"type":45},{"date":269,"type":21},{"date":502,"type":21},"2028-09",{"name":504,"class":52},"Eva M.M. Strijbis",{"id":506,"slug":507,"hasResults":12,"nctId":508,"briefTitle":509,"officialTitle":510,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":511,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":85,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":512,"targetDuration":514,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":515,"conditions":516,"keywords":517,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":297,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":520,"startDateStruct":521,"completionDateStruct":523,"leadSponsor":525,"locationsCount":348},"100489851","pregnancy-exposure-registry-for-vumerity-diroximel-fumarate-100489851","NCT05658497","Pregnancy Exposure Registry for Vumerity (Diroximel Fumarate)","Vumerity (Diroximel Fumarate) Prospective MS Pregnancy Exposure Registry","Key Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participant must have a diagnosis of MS\n* Documentation that the participant was one of the following:\n\n  1. exposed to DRF at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP (i.e., conception date) up through any time during pregnancy. (If exact exposure dates are unknown, the reporter must be able to specify or estimate trimester of exposure).\n  2. unexposed to any DMT during pregnancy, defined as having never received DMT therapy; discontinued treatment with DRF at least 1 day before 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP (i.e., conception date); or discontinued a non Registry-specified MS DMT more than 5 times its half-life prior to 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP (i.e., conception date)\n* Participants with knowledge of the outcome of the pregnancy (e.g., pregnancy loss or live birth)\n\nKey Exclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- None\n\nNOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion criteria may apply",{"count":513,"type":21},908,"52 Weeks","The primary objectives of the study are to estimate the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in infants born to women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were exposed to diroximel fumarate (DRF) at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their last menstrual period (LMP) up through the first trimester of pregnancy and to comparatively evaluate pregnancy outcomes with MCMs in women with MS who were exposed to DRF at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP through the first trimester of pregnancy with the following: i) women with MS who were unexposed to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and, ii) women with MS who were exposed to other DMTs (e.g., Avonex and Tysabri Pregnancy Registries).\n\nThe secondary objective of the study is to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with DRF exposure at any time from 2 weeks after the first day of their LMP through the end of pregnancy compared with the following: i) women with MS who were unexposed to DMTs, ii) women with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exposure, iii) women with MS who were exposed to other DMTs (e.g., Avonex and Tysabri Pregnancy Registries), and iv) women without MS (e.g., women from external, general population comparators).",[30],[518,519],"Pregnancy","Relapsing forms of MS",{"date":449,"type":45},{"date":522,"type":45},"2023-10-27",{"date":524,"type":21},"2032-07-06",{"name":526,"class":76},"Biogen",{"id":528,"slug":529,"hasResults":12,"nctId":530,"briefTitle":531,"officialTitle":531,"acronym":532,"eligibilityCriteria":533,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":534,"maxAge":535,"enrollmentInfo":536,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":538,"briefSummary":539,"conditions":540,"keywords":541,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":545,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":546,"startDateStruct":547,"completionDateStruct":548,"leadSponsor":550,"locationsCount":4},"100651622","effect-of-artificial-intelligence-based-cognitive-training-on-sleep-disorders-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-multiple-sclerosis-100651622","NCT07762326","Effect of Artificial Intelligence Based Cognitive Training on Sleep Disorders and Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","AI","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patient's age ranges from 25-40 years.\n* Patient with EDSS not more than 5.\n* Patients who have no relapses for the previous three months.\n* Patients with sufficient cognitive abilities that enables them to understand and follow\n* instructions with a score more than 24 according to the Mini-Mental State Examination scale\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Mechanical or neuromascular problems.\n* Cardiovascular problems (unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction within the last three months, congestive heart failure, significant heart valve dysfunction, or unstable hypertension) or pulmonary disorders.\n* Auditory problems.\n* Sensory impairment caused by other diseases except the MS such as diabetes mellitus.","25 Years","40 Years",{"count":537,"type":21},40,[185],"this study will be conducted to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) based cognitive training on sleep disorders and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.",[30],[542,543,544,30],"Artificial Intelligence Based Cognitive Training","Sleep Disorders","Quality of Life","2026-08-08",{"date":294,"type":45},{"date":42,"type":21},{"date":549,"type":21},"2027-03-30",{"name":551,"class":52},"Cairo University",{"id":553,"slug":554,"hasResults":12,"nctId":555,"briefTitle":556,"officialTitle":557,"acronym":558,"eligibilityCriteria":559,"healthyVolunteers":134,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":560,"enrollmentInfo":561,"targetDuration":563,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":564,"conditions":565,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":41,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":566,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":567,"startDateStruct":568,"completionDateStruct":570,"leadSponsor":572,"locationsCount":99},"100651712","predictors-of-progression-independent-of-relapse-activity-in-relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis-100651712","NCT07762040","Predictors of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","Predictors of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Multimodal Prospective Cohort Study at Assiut University Hospital","RRMS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* RRMS diagnosis per 2024 McDonald Criteria Disease duration ≤ 5 years from disease onset At least 1 year on disease-modifying therapy (DMT) Age 18-55 years (both sexes) Written informed consent obtained\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Alternative diagnosis confirmed (e.g., NMOSD, vasculitis)\n\n  * Confirmed RAW\n  * SPMS or progressive onset at baseline\n  * Any systemic or neurological disorders affecting either mobility or cognition\n  * Psychoactive drug use\n  * Recent optic neuritis within the previous six months.\n  * Any ophthalmological condition known to affect retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness.\n\nGlaucoma. Diabetic retinopathy. Retinal vascular disease. High myopia (\\>6 diopters). Previous ocular trauma or intraocular surgery (except uncomplicated cataract surgery \\>6 months).\n\nMedia opacity preventing reliable OCT acquisition.\n\n• Incomplete follow up or poor compliance","55 Years",{"count":562,"type":21},180,"2 Years","The goal of this prospective observational cohort study is to determine the frequency of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and identify its clinical, radiological, neuroaxonal, and functional predictors in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The study aims to facilitate early identification of patients at increased risk of disability progression independent of relapses and to support individualized therapeutic decision-making.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nWhat is the frequency of PIRA in patients with early RRMS? Which demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with the development of PIRA? Which MRI biomarkers, including lesion burden, brain atrophy, spinal cord involvement, and paramagnetic rim lesions (where available), are associated with PIRA? Can optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, predict PIRA? Are serum biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), associated with an increased risk of PIRA? Which baseline factors independently predict disability progression?\n\nParticipants will undergo comprehensive baseline and follow-up assessments, including collection of demographic and clinical data, neurological examination with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring, brain and spinal cord MRI, OCT assessment, laboratory evaluation of serum biomarkers (where available), and validated functional and patient-reported outcome measures. Participants will be followed longitudinally to identify confirmed disability accumulation (CDA) and classify disability progression as PIRA or relapse-associated worsening (RAW).\n\nThe primary outcome is the occurrence of PIRA, defined as confirmed disability accumulation independent of clinical relapses during follow-up. Secondary outcomes include identification of independent clinical, imaging, OCT, and laboratory predictors of PIRA and evaluation of their association with long-term disability progression. The findings may improve early risk stratification and support timely initiation of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in patients with early RRMS.",[30],"2026-08-07",{"date":294,"type":45},{"date":569,"type":21},"2026-09-01",{"date":571,"type":21},"2028-12-01",{"name":573,"class":52},"Assiut University",{"id":575,"slug":576,"hasResults":12,"nctId":577,"briefTitle":578,"officialTitle":579,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":580,"healthyVolunteers":134,"sex":85,"minAge":18,"maxAge":581,"enrollmentInfo":582,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":90,"phases":4,"briefSummary":584,"conditions":585,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":566,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":588,"startDateStruct":589,"completionDateStruct":591,"leadSponsor":593,"locationsCount":99},"100588355","pregnancy-registry-infants-serummilk-analysis-prisma-100588355","NCT06940323","Pregnancy Registry, Infants, Serum\u002FMilk Analysis (PRISMA)","Pregnancy Registry, Infants, Serum\u002FMilk Analysis (PRISMA): Pregnancy Registry for Women With Chronic Conditions","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant or contemplating pregnancy\n* Female, aged 18 to 64 years\n* Diagnosis of one of the following conditions:\n* Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) or Multiple Sclerosis (MS), based on the 2010 McDonald Criteria\n* Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)\n* Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)\n* Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)\n* Myasthenia Gravis\n* Lupus\n* Other chronic neurological conditions\n* Willing to provide biosamples and\u002For complete surveys at specified timepoints\n* Women without a chronic condition who are pregnant or contemplating pregnancy (as part of the control group)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- Unwillingness to provide informed consent","64 Years",{"count":583,"type":21},250,"PRISMA, is a pregnancy registry study, focused on comprehensively collecting information about pregnancy in women with chronic neurological conditions from across the United States and internationally.\n\nDepending on their specific condition (MS, CIS, NMOSD, or other) and their specific treatment, participants will be asked to contribute to different aspects of the study. (1) The biosamples will be blood, breast milk, infant stool, maternal stool and vaginal swab samples, collected at specific time points. (2) The online surveys will be collected at specific time points. All study activities will be discussed with participants upon enrollment.\n\nBy collecting this information, the investigators hope to gain deeper insights into the relationship between pregnancy, the neurological condition, and maternal and infant health. For example, one of the sub-studies focuses on breast milk collection for women planning postpartum treatment with Ocrevus, Rituxan, Briumvi or Kesimpta.\n\nThis study is fully remote and all sample collection is optional, so participants can choose which types of samples they wish to provide. For blood draws, participants can schedule a home visit through ExamOne, making participation even more convenient.\n\nThe investigators aim to enroll women with chronic neurological conditions who are planning pregnancy, currently pregnant, or within one year postpartum.",[30,586,587,340],"Clinically Isolated Syndrome","NMOSD",{"date":449,"type":45},{"date":590,"type":45},"2017-03-21",{"date":592,"type":21},"2035-06",{"name":594,"class":52},"University of California, San Francisco",{"id":596,"slug":597,"hasResults":12,"nctId":598,"briefTitle":599,"officialTitle":600,"acronym":601,"eligibilityCriteria":602,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":17,"minAge":18,"maxAge":310,"enrollmentInfo":603,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":605,"briefSummary":606,"conditions":607,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":68,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":608,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":609,"startDateStruct":610,"completionDateStruct":612,"leadSponsor":614,"locationsCount":99},"100605918","the-effect-of-a-probiotic-administration-as-an-add-on-treatment-in-multiple-sclerosis-100605918","NCT07168772","The Effect of a Probiotic Administration as an add-on Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis","The Effect of a Probiotic Administration as an add-on Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial","PROBiMS","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients aged 18-60 years, inclusive\n* Diagnosis of RRMS (McDonald Criteria 2024, Montalban et al)\n* Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score less than or equal to 5.5\n* Patients receiving a first line treatment with teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate at a stable dose, for at least 24 weeks, or patients who are not receiving treatment because they do not want to receive a disease modifying therapy after the investigator has informed them of their possible respective benefits and possible adverse events\n* Not active RRMS patients (Lubin et al, 2014) for whom a switch in background therapy is not anticipated, based on the Investigator's judgment.\n* At enrollment, the patient is not expected to require a change in DMT\n* Females of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test result prior to initiation of study product\n* For females of childbearing potential: agreement to use adequate contraceptive methods during the treatment period\n* Ability to comply with the study protocol\n* Patients must sign and date a written informed consent prior to entering the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Relapse the month before enrollment\n* Use of corticosteroids the month before enrollment\n* Use of antibiotics three months before enrollment\n* Taking other forms of symbiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and postbiotic supplements three months before enrollment\n* Patients suffering from any type of bowel disease\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding or intending to become pregnant during the study.",{"count":604,"type":21},80,[185],"It is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial whose general objective of this study is to determine the effects of probiotic administration in multiple sclerosis patients.\n\n80 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either a probiotic (n=40) or a placebo (n=40) stratified by type of medication, gender and use of hormonal contraceptive treatment. They will receive a probiotic (Lactibane Iki) or placebo sachet twice a day for six months.",[30],"2026-08-06",{"date":566,"type":45},{"date":611,"type":45},"2025-07-10",{"date":613,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":615,"class":52},"Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute"]