[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"myopia\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:myopia":29},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,134,0,25,[9,45,73,96,121,139,167,191,216,238,264,290,312,330,355,379,400,421,447,471,495,518,533,559,577],{"id":10,"slug":11,"hasResults":12,"nctId":13,"briefTitle":14,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":15,"eligibilityCriteria":16,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":21,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":25,"briefSummary":27,"conditions":28,"keywords":30,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":33,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":34,"startDateStruct":37,"completionDateStruct":39,"leadSponsor":41,"locationsCount":44},"100636542","phase-3-delaying-the-onset-of-nearsightedness-until-treatment-donut-clinical-trial-100636542",false,"NCT07567040","Delaying the Onset of Nearsightedness Until Treatment (DONUT) Clinical Trial","DONUT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Refractive Error (cycloplegic autorefraction, spherical equivalent, at least one eye, inclusive) 6 years: -0.74 D to +0.75 D 7 and 8 years: -0.74 D to +0.50 D 9 and 10 years: -0.74 D to +0.25 D 11 years: -0.74 D to plano\n* Neither eye has -0.75 D or more myopia, spherical component\n* Anisometropia: Less than 1.50 D difference between OD and OS, cycloplegic autorefraction, spherical equivalent\n* Astigmatism: Less than 1.50 DC in both eyes by cycloplegic autorefraction\n* Successfully complete run-in period: take at least 90% of unit dose artificial tears for 2 to 4 weeks (# of unit-dose vials used divided by # nights since baseline visit must equal 0.90 or greater)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* If Visit 2 (randomization visit) is not completed within 4 weeks of the baseline, eligibility visit.\n* Presence of strabismus (intermittent or constant) based on unilateral cover test at distance and near\n* Known allergy to atropine\n* Systemic issues that may affect accommodation or convergence (e.g., multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Graves ophthalmopathy, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, Down syndrome, etc.)\n* Ocular disease (e.g., congenital glaucoma, retinal disease, nystagmus, amblyopia, etc.)\n* Ocular surgery (e.g., cataracts, strabismus)\n* Any previous myopia prevention\u002Fcontrol therapy (e.g., atropine, soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, myopia control spectacles, etc.) for more than one month\n* Pregnancy by self-report",true,"ALL","6 Years","11 Years",{"count":22,"type":23},664,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[26],"PHASE3","The aims of this clinical trial will test whether or not the onset of nearsightedness is delayed in a group of children randomized to nightly drops in 0.05% atropine in both eyes, in comparison to children who receiving nightly placebo drops in both eyes. The primary outcome is the two-year cumulative incidence of nearsightedness. The second aim of this project will determine whether atropine is associated with slower eye growth in children receiving nightly drops of atropine versus placebo.",[29],"Myopia",[31],"prevention","RECRUITING","2026-08-19",{"date":35,"type":36},"2026-08-21","ACTUAL",{"date":38,"type":36},"2026-05-27",{"date":40,"type":23},"2028-05-15",{"name":42,"class":43},"Ohio State University","OTHER",13,{"id":46,"slug":47,"hasResults":12,"nctId":48,"briefTitle":49,"officialTitle":49,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":50,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":51,"enrollmentInfo":52,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":54,"briefSummary":56,"conditions":57,"keywords":59,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":63,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":64,"startDateStruct":65,"completionDateStruct":67,"leadSponsor":69,"locationsCount":72},"100652848","a-pilot-evaluation-of-refractive-error-progression-in-pre-myopic-children-in-singapore-with-and-without-myopia-control-spectacles-100652848","NCT07779941","A Pilot Evaluation of Refractive Error Progression in Pre-Myopic Children in Singapore With and Without Myopia Control Spectacles","Inclusion Criteria\n\nParticipants enrolled in the trial must:\n\n1. be accompanied by a parent or guardian who is able to read and comprehend English and sign a record of informed consent\u002Fassent;\n2. be able to understand and participate in the Assent process;\n3. at baseline, be within the age range of 6 to 12 years old inclusive;\n4. No prior spectacle correction\n5. Cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) 0.00 to + 2.00 D\n6. Astigmatism of less than -1.50D\n7. Anisometropia of not more than 1.50D\n8. At least 1 parent or more with myopia\n\nExclusion Criteria\n\nParticipants enrolled in the trial must NOT have:\n\n* Any pre-existing systemic or ocular condition, including infection or disease that is likely to affect visual acuity and refractive error;\n* Any systemic disease that adversely affects ocular health e.g. diabetes, Graves disease, and auto-immune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, Sjögrens syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.\n* Use of or a need for any systemic medication or topical medications which may alter normal ocular findings \u002F are known to affect a participant's ocular health \u002F physiology in an adverse or beneficial manner at enrolment and\u002For during the study. NB: Systemic antihistamines are allowed on an \"as needed basis\", provided they are not used prophylactically during the trial and at least 24 hours before the study product is used.\n* History of eye trauma\n* Amblyopia\n* Strabismus\n* History of any form of optical correction\n* Any concomitant myopia control treatment including atropine eyedrops, contact lenses or other myopia control glasses.\n\nThe Investigator may, at their discretion, exclude anyone who they believe may not be able to fulfil the study requirements or it is believed to be in the participant's best interests.","12 Years",{"count":53,"type":23},124,[55],"NA","This study aims to find out whether ZEISS MyoActive lenses can help prevent short-sightedness from developing in children. We aim to recruit at least 50 children in total for this study.\n\nMyopia (short-sightedness) is becoming increasingly common in children worldwide. Early onset of myopia often leads to faster progression and a higher chance of developing high myopia, which increases the risk of serious eye conditions that can affect vision in adulthood, such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts. Current treatments can slow the worsening of short-sightedness once children become myopic, but there is limited evidence on whether early intervention can delay myopia from developing in the first place.\n\nThis study will compare two types of commonly used spectacle lenses:\n\nZEISS MyoActive lenses, which are designed to provide a type of optical signal that may reduce the worsening of short-sightedness; and Standard single-vision lenses, which are the usual lenses prescribed for clear vision.\n\nChildren who join the study will be randomly assigned to wear one of these two lens types for 12 months. They will attend regular check-ups during this time so we can monitor their eye health and vision.\n\nBy randomly assigning children to one of these two lens types and following them over 12 months, we aim to determine whether ZEISS MyoActive lenses:\n\nreduce the likelihood of developing short-sightedness, slow changes in how short-sighted a child's eyes are becoming and eye growth, and are safe, comfortable, and well-tolerated for everyday use. The findings from this study may help improve early myopia prevention strategies and potentially reduce future risks of high myopia and its associated eye conditions.",[29,58],"Pre-myopia",[60,61],"myopia","pre-myopia","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-08-18",{"date":35,"type":36},{"date":66,"type":23},"2026-08",{"date":68,"type":23},"2029-02",{"name":70,"class":71},"Singapore National Eye Centre","OTHER_GOV",1,{"id":74,"slug":75,"hasResults":12,"nctId":76,"briefTitle":77,"officialTitle":77,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":78,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":79,"maxAge":19,"enrollmentInfo":80,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":82,"briefSummary":83,"conditions":84,"keywords":85,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":88,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":89,"startDateStruct":90,"completionDateStruct":92,"leadSponsor":94,"locationsCount":72},"100651827","myopia-prevention-in-young-premyopic-children-using-defocus-incorporated-multiple-segments-spectacle-lenses-100651827","NCT07765550","Managing Premyopia in Chinese Children Using Artificial Intelligence Assisted Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments Based Spectacle Lens: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age between 3 and 6 years (inclusive), regardless of gender or ethnicity.\n* Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the worse eye \\> -0.50 D and ≤ +0.75 D, absolute cylindrical power ≤ 1.0 D, anisometropia ≤ 1.5 D.\n* Best corrected monocular distance high contrast VA ≥ 0.5 for ages 3-5; ≥ 0.7 for age 6.\n* At least one parent with SER ≤-3.00D\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Individuals with any ocular or systemic diseases that may affect vision and refractive development (e.g., keratoconus, abnormalities in lens shape or position, Marfan syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, etc.).\n* Individuals with known allergies or contraindications to cycloplegic agents.\n* Previous use of myopia management treatment (spectacles, atropine; CLs).\n* Individuals with binocular vision abnormalities: manifest strabismus, monocular suppression, abnormal fusion function, or impaired stereopsis.\n* Individuals unable to cooperate with examinations or communicate.\n* Any other conditions deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in the study.","3 Years",{"count":81,"type":23},128,[55],"Pre-myopia refers to a condition in which children have not yet developed myopia but exhibit insufficient hyperopic reserve (≤ +0.75 D). This is particularly relevant for young children aged 6 years and under; if their hyperopic reserve is depleted prematurely and they progress into the pre-myopia stage, the likelihood of developing myopia or even high myopia in the future becomes extremely high. Therefore, this study plans to conduct a parallel-design, open-label, single-center randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artificial intelligence-assisted defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) based spectacle lens in preventing and controlling myopia in pre-myopic children aged 3 to 6 years.",[58,29],[61,86,87],"young children","AI-assisted DIMS-based spectacle lens","2026-08-17",{"date":63,"type":36},{"date":91,"type":23},"2026-09-12",{"date":93,"type":23},"2028-08-31",{"name":95,"class":43},"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center",{"id":97,"slug":98,"hasResults":12,"nctId":99,"briefTitle":100,"officialTitle":101,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":102,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":104,"enrollmentInfo":105,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":107,"briefSummary":108,"conditions":109,"keywords":110,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":88,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":113,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":116,"leadSponsor":118,"locationsCount":120},"100290306","safety-and-efficacy-study-of-a-viscoelastic-free-method-for-implantable-collamer-lens-icl-implantation-100290306","NCT03059043","Safety and Efficacy Study of A Viscoelastic-free Method for Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) Implantation","Prospective, Multicenter,Randomized Clinical Investigation of A Viscoelastic-free Method for Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) Implantation to Treat High Myopia: A Pilot Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Documented stable refraction for at least 1 year(within 0.5D)\n* Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20\u002F40 or better\n* Clear central cornea\n* -0.5D to -18.0D of myopic refractive error\n* Normal anterior chamber depth at least 2.8 mm to endothelium\n* Endothelial cell density (ECD) more than 2000 cell\u002Fmm2\n* Pupil diameter smaller than 7.0 mm under mesopic condition\n* Discontinued 3 weeks for hard contact lens and 1 week for soft contact lens wear\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Preexisting ocular diseases or conditions other than myopia, evidence of progressive or acute ocular disease\n* Evidence of connective tissue disease or other systemic diseases that may confound the results of the study;\n* Narrow angle of anterior chamber\n* Pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant during the course of the trial","18 Years","45 Years",{"count":106,"type":23},60,[55],"This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of a viscoelastic-free method for Implantable Collamer Lens(ICL) implantation to treat high myopia. The subjects undergo randomization of ICL implantation using the viscoelastic-free method on one eye and undergoing standard method on the other one. The post-operative data are collected for analysis.",[29],[111,112],"Phakic Intraocular Lenses","viscoelastic",{"date":63,"type":36},{"date":115,"type":36},"2018-11-16",{"date":117,"type":23},"2028-06-22",{"name":119,"class":43},"Wenzhou Medical University",5,{"id":122,"slug":123,"hasResults":12,"nctId":124,"briefTitle":125,"officialTitle":126,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":127,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":128,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":129,"briefSummary":130,"conditions":131,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":132,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":133,"startDateStruct":134,"completionDateStruct":135,"leadSponsor":137,"locationsCount":72},"100652368","validation-of-the-vision-trainer-clinical-decision-support-software-100652368","NCT07773753","Validation of the Vision Trainer Clinical Decision-Support Software","Validation of the Vision Trainer Clinical Decision-Support Software:A Randomized Comparison of Software-Guided Subjective Refraction(JCC and Non-JCC Algorithms) Against Unassisted Manual Refraction","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Provision of signed and dated informed consent form prior to any study procedures.\n* Age ≥18 years at the time of informed consent.\n* Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of at least 20\u002F40 in both eyes, measured with current spectacle or contact lens correction.\n* Able to provide informed consent in English.\n* Willing and able to complete an approximately 25-30-minute study visit\n* No significant ocular pathology or media opacity that would preclude accurate standard refraction.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Ocular pathology significantly affecting visual function: untreated or advanced glaucoma, advanced age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vision loss, current retinal detachment, or other posterior segment disease materially impairing BCVA.\n* Recent ocular surgery within the prior 6 months, including refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK, SMILE, phakic IOL), cataract surgery, or other intraocular procedures.\n* Spherical equivalent refractive error exceeding ±12 Diopters.\n* Any medical condition or circumstance that, in the judgment of the Investigator, would preclude safe or valid participation.",{"count":81,"type":23},[55],"This study is a prospective, randomized, crossover clinical investigation designed to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and usability of the Vision Trainer software for subjective refraction. The study compares software-guided refraction, implemented using both Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) and Non-JCC workflows, against standard unassisted manual refraction performed by trained examiners",[29],"2026-08-16",{"date":33,"type":36},{"date":66,"type":23},{"date":136,"type":23},"2030-09",{"name":138,"class":43},"University of Pennsylvania",{"id":140,"slug":141,"hasResults":12,"nctId":142,"briefTitle":143,"officialTitle":144,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":145,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":146,"enrollmentInfo":147,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":149,"briefSummary":150,"conditions":151,"keywords":154,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":158,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":159,"startDateStruct":161,"completionDateStruct":163,"leadSponsor":165,"locationsCount":72},"100601219","exploring-perceptual-learning-in-blurred-gabor-discrimination-for-low-myopic-children-100601219","NCT07107646","Exploring Perceptual Learning in Blurred Gabor Discrimination for Low-Myopic Children","Investigating the Efficacy of Perceptual Learning in Blurred Gabor Discrimination Among Children With Low Myopia: An Exploratory Study","Experimental and Control Group\n\nInclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Children aged between 6 to 10 years.\n2. Best corrected distance visual acuity of 6\u002F6 or 0.00 logMAR.\n3. Diagnosed with low myopia after a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, with a spherical equivalent refractive error ranging from -0.50 to -1.25 diopters, including up to -0.75 diopters of astigmatism.\n4. Not currently undergoing any of the four standard myopia control treatments for children:\n\n   1. Atropine (mydriatic agent)\n   2. Orthokeratology\n   3. Peripheral defocus soft contact lenses\n   4. Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses (frame glasses)\n5. Willing and able to provide informed consent, and able to comply with study procedures and assessments.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nParticipants will be excluded if they have any of the following ophthalmologic conditions:\n\n1. Strabismus\n2. Binocular vision problems\n3. Ocular diseases\n4. History of ocular surgery (excluding refractive surgery)","10 Years",{"count":148,"type":23},30,[55],"This exploratory study investigates whether perceptual learning using blurred Gabor stimuli can improve uncorrected distance visual acuity in children aged 6-10 years with low myopia. Participants will be randomly assigned to a training group or control group. The training group will undergo individualized visual perceptual learning through a digital Vision Training System (VTS) for approximately 3 months. The study will also evaluate changes in refraction, contrast sensitivity, visual crowding, Chinese reading acuity with eye movements, and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEPs).",[29,152,153],"Visual Rehabilitation","Perceptual Learning",[155,153,156,157],"Low Myopia","Visual Acuity","Visual Evoked Potentials","2026-08-12",{"date":160,"type":36},"2026-08-14",{"date":162,"type":23},"2026-09-01",{"date":164,"type":23},"2027-07-31",{"name":166,"class":43},"National Taiwan University Hospital",{"id":168,"slug":169,"hasResults":12,"nctId":170,"briefTitle":171,"officialTitle":171,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":172,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":173,"maxAge":174,"enrollmentInfo":175,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":177,"briefSummary":178,"conditions":179,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":181,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":182,"startDateStruct":184,"completionDateStruct":185,"leadSponsor":187,"locationsCount":190},"100650708","evaluation-of-orthokeratology-lenses-with-a-5mm-optic-zone-diameter-100650708","NCT07751172","Evaluation of Orthokeratology Lenses With a 5MM Optic Zone Diameter","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nA person is eligible for inclusion in the study if they:\n\n1. Are 6- 35 years of age\n2. If under 18 years old they are accompanied by a parent or legal guardian who is able to read, understand and sign the parental information and permission document\n3. Have had a self-reported visual exam in the last two years\n4. Are able to read (or be read to), understand and sign the assent document if under 18 years old or are able to read, understand and sign the consent document if aged 18 or older\n5. Are willing to comply with the wear schedule (approximately 8 hours per night for every night, while sleeping)\n6. Are willing to comply with the visit schedule\n7. Have a refractive spherical component of their prescription between -0.50 and up to -6.00 diopters (inclusive) AND a refractive cylinder of no more than -1.75 diopters\n8. Have a refractive spherical component ≥ cylinder component\n9. Have a minimum visual acuity of +0.20 logMAR with each eye, when refracted at the Screening visit\n10. Have clear corneas and no active ocular disease.\n11. Have no medication, medical condition, or ocular conditions that contraindicate contact lens wear OR are expected to affect lens comfort or vision across the 1-month study duration, in the opinion of the investigator\n12. Can be shown to have stable keratometry for at least the previous 1 month, if they have previously worn orthokeratology lenses.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Present at screening visit with the presence of ocular or systemic disease or report the use medications which might interfere with orthokeratology contact lens wear, such as keratoconus, diabetes mellitus, steroid eye drops\n2. Have a post-treatment predicted flat K value ≤38.00D (e.g. Patient baseline flat keratometry value = 40.00, patient has 2.00D of myopic refractive error. 40.00-2.00= 38.00D)\n3. Have a known sensitivity to the diagnostic sodium fluorescein to be used in the study\n4. Are pregnant, planning a pregnancy or lactating\n5. Have amblyopia\n6. Have presbyopia or has dependence on spectacles for near work over the contact lenses\n7. Present at screening visit with the presence of clinically significant (grade ≥3; ISO scale) anterior segment abnormalities.\n8. Present at screening visit with slit lamp findings that would contraindicate orthokeratology contact lens wear such as:\n\n1\\. Pathological dry eye or associated findings 2. Pterygium, pinguecula, or corneal scars within the visual axis 3. Neovascularization \\> 0.75 mm from of the limbus 4. Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) worse than grade 1 5. Anterior uveitis or iritis (past or present) 6. Seborrheic eczema, Seborrheic conjunctivitis 7. History of corneal ulcers or fungal infections 8. Poor personal hygiene 9. Aphakia","7 Years","35 Years",{"count":176,"type":23},70,[55],"To evaluate the clinical performance and user-reported experience of Paragon CRT contact lenses with a 5mm Optic Zone Diameter (OZD)",[29,180],"Astigmatism","2026-08-07",{"date":183,"type":36},"2026-08-11",{"date":66,"type":23},{"date":186,"type":23},"2026-12",{"name":188,"class":189},"CooperVision International Limited (CVIL)","INDUSTRY",3,{"id":192,"slug":193,"hasResults":12,"nctId":194,"briefTitle":195,"officialTitle":195,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":196,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":103,"enrollmentInfo":197,"targetDuration":199,"studyType":200,"phases":4,"briefSummary":201,"conditions":202,"keywords":203,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":207,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":208,"startDateStruct":210,"completionDateStruct":212,"leadSponsor":214,"locationsCount":72},"100651567","assessing-the-impact-of-streetscape-exposure-on-childrens-perception-100651567","NCT07761949","Assessing the Impact of Streetscape Exposure on Children's Perception","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- 1: Myopia group: (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head\u002Fneck injury); (4) myopia already present in at least one eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D).\n\n2: Emmetropia group: (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head\u002Fneck injury).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- 1: Myopia group: (1) high myopia in either eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.00 D); (2) any ocular pathology other than myopia (strabismus, amblyopia, congenital cataract, juvenile glaucoma, retinal disease, etc.); (3) systemic disorders that may affect vision or visual development (e.g., diabetes); (4) anisometropia \\> 1.00 D or astigmatism \\> 2.00 D in either eye.\n\n2: Emmetropia group: (1) myopia or hyperopia in either eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D or ≥ +0.50 D); (2) any ocular pathology (strabismus, amblyopia, congenital cataract, juvenile glaucoma, retinal disease, etc.); (3) systemic disorders that may affect vision or visual development (e.g., diabetes); (4) anisometropia \\> 1.00 D or astigmatism \\> 2.00 D in either eye.",{"count":198,"type":23},300,"1 Day","OBSERVATIONAL","The primary objective is to determine how streetscape exposure influences children's visual perception and psychological perception. The secondary aim is to identify streetscape elements associated with both visual and psychological perception, thereby providing evidence for environmental interventions in urban planning and public health.",[29],[29,204,205,206],"Emmetropia","Environmental defocus","Environmental perception","2026-08-05",{"date":209,"type":36},"2026-08-13",{"date":211,"type":36},"2026-07-02",{"date":213,"type":23},"2027-12-30",{"name":215,"class":43},"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University",{"id":217,"slug":218,"hasResults":12,"nctId":219,"briefTitle":220,"officialTitle":221,"acronym":222,"eligibilityCriteria":223,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":79,"maxAge":103,"enrollmentInfo":224,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":200,"phases":4,"briefSummary":226,"conditions":227,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":230,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":231,"startDateStruct":232,"completionDateStruct":234,"leadSponsor":236,"locationsCount":237},"100498469","china-children-eye-study-100498469","NCT05770661","China Children Eye Study","China Nine Provinces Children Eye Study","CCES","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Aged 3 to 18 years\n* Have been lived in the research areas for at least one year, and will not move to other places in the following two years\n* Parents or guardians sign an informed consent form, and children over 6 years old need oral consent to participate\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Mental diseases, unable to cooperate to complete the eye assessment\n* Ophthalmic diseases, inability to cooperate to complete the inspection",{"count":225,"type":23},30000,"The primary objective of this multi-center, observational study is to establish the reference ranges of axial length in Chinese children and adolescents.\n\n30,000 children aged 3-18 years were examined with cycloplegia to collect their ocular parameters and were all followed up for three years with annual visits.",[228,29,229],"Axial Length","Child Development","2026-08-04",{"date":181,"type":36},{"date":233,"type":36},"2023-03-10",{"date":235,"type":23},"2026-12-31",{"name":95,"class":43},2,{"id":239,"slug":240,"hasResults":12,"nctId":241,"briefTitle":242,"officialTitle":243,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":244,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":245,"maxAge":246,"enrollmentInfo":247,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":249,"briefSummary":250,"conditions":251,"keywords":253,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":256,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":257,"startDateStruct":258,"completionDateStruct":260,"leadSponsor":262,"locationsCount":4},"100650462","the-rebound-effect-on-repeated-low-level-red-light-therapy-for-myopia-100650462","NCT07748546","The Rebound Effect on Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy for Myopia","The Rebound Effect on Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy for Myopia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. 8 to 16 years old\n2. Rceived continuous RLRL treatment for 1 year (±1 month) without interruption.\n3. Diagnosed with myopia (ciliary muscle paralysis SER ≥ -0.50 D), astigmatism ≤ 2.50 D, anisometropia ≤ 1.50 D, and bilateral best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ Snellen 20\u002F20 before receiving RLRL treatment.\n4. The consent of the guardian and the consent of the participant.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of any ophthalmic surgery or ocular diseases (e.g., glaucoma, retinal disorders).\n2. Systemic diseases that affect vision or eye health (e.g., diabetes). After discontinuing RLRL treatment, other myopia control interventions other than monocular glasses should be employed (including atropine, orthokeratology lenses, defocused\u002FDOT lenses, etc.).","8 Years","16 Years",{"count":248,"type":23},159,[55],"Myopia is a global public health issue, projected to affect 49.8% of the world population by 2050, increasing risks of cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. Repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy has shown promising myopia control in 12-month trials, reducing axial elongation by 69.4% and refractive progression by 76.6% versus spectacles, outperforming 0.01% atropine and benefiting orthokeratology poor responders. However, two-year data indicate declining efficacy in the second year and a rebound effect upon discontinuation, with progression rates matching untreated controls. This study enrolls participants who completed one year of continuous RLRL therapy to evaluate rebound effects on axial length and spherical equivalent refractive power among those who discontinue, gradually reduce, or continue treatment. Findings will inform strategies to optimize long-term RLRL protocols and mitigate post-treatment rebound.",[29,252],"Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)",[60,254,255],"randomized controlled trial","therapy","2026-08-02",{"date":207,"type":36},{"date":259,"type":23},"2026-08-15",{"date":261,"type":23},"2028-07-15",{"name":263,"class":43},"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University",{"id":265,"slug":266,"hasResults":12,"nctId":267,"briefTitle":268,"officialTitle":269,"acronym":270,"eligibilityCriteria":271,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":272,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":274,"briefSummary":275,"conditions":276,"keywords":278,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":283,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":284,"startDateStruct":285,"completionDateStruct":287,"leadSponsor":289,"locationsCount":72},"100650492","school-based-myopia-control-trial-for-children-with-premyopia-or-myopia-100650492","NCT07746778","School-based Myopia Control Trial for Children With Premyopia or Myopia","A Randomized Controlled Trial of Auricular Acupressure Combined With Defocus Spectacle Lenses for Myopia Control in Children With Premyopia or Myopia","SPARK","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Students in grades 1 to 4 from participating primary schools.\n* Children with premyopia or myopia at baseline, defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction in the worse eye greater than -0.50 D and less than or equal to +0.75 D for premyopia, or less than or equal to -0.50 D for myopia.\n* Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian, and age-appropriate assent obtained from the child when applicable.\n* Willingness to participate in baseline and follow-up assessments during the study period.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Strabismus, amblyopia, or other ocular abnormalities.\n* Systemic disease or other medical conditions that may affect study participation.\n* Has received any myopia prevention intervention in the past 3 months.\n* Known skin sensitivity, local ear skin lesions, or other conditions judged unsuitable for auricular acupressure.\n* Any other condition judged by the study doctors to make participation inappropriate.",{"count":273,"type":23},358,[55],"This is a prospective, school-based randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate auricular acupressure combined with defocus spectacle lenses for myopia control in primary school students with premyopia or myopia. Enrolled students in grades 1 to 4 will be randomly assigned to either defocus spectacle lenses combined with auricular acupressure or defocus spectacle lenses alone. Outcomes will include changes in axial length and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction, adherence to the assigned intervention, and safety outcomes over 12 months.",[29,277],"Refractive Errors",[279,280,281,282,228],"Myopia Control","Premyopia","Defocus Spectacle Lenses","Auricular Acupressure","2026-07-31",{"date":207,"type":36},{"date":286,"type":36},"2026-06-01",{"date":288,"type":23},"2027-12",{"name":95,"class":43},{"id":291,"slug":292,"hasResults":12,"nctId":293,"briefTitle":294,"officialTitle":295,"acronym":270,"eligibilityCriteria":296,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":297,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":299,"briefSummary":300,"conditions":301,"keywords":303,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":283,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":308,"startDateStruct":309,"completionDateStruct":310,"leadSponsor":311,"locationsCount":72},"100650451","school-based-myopia-prevention-trial-for-children-with-adequate-hyperopic-reserve-100650451","NCT07746752","School-based Myopia Prevention Trial for Children With Adequate Hyperopic Reserve","A Randomized Controlled Trial of a School-based Wearable Device-Supported Outdoor Activity Program for Myopia Prevention in Children With Adequate Hyperopic Reserve","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Students in grades 1 to 4 from participating schools.\n* Non-myopic children with adequate hyperopic reserve at baseline, defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction in the worse eye within the following age-specific reference ranges: +1.72 D to +2.45 D at age 6 years; +1.48 D to +2.00 D at age 7 years; +1.19 D to +1.79 D at age 8 years; +1.11 D to +1.38 D at age 9 years; +0.92 D to +1.16 D at age 10 years; and +0.83 D to +1.07 D at age 11 years.\n* Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian, with assent obtained from the child when appropriate.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Strabismus, amblyopia, or other ocular abnormalities.\n* Systemic disease or other medical conditions that may affect study participation.\n* Has received any myopia prevention intervention in the past 3 months.\n* Any other condition judged by the study doctors to make participation inappropriate.",{"count":298,"type":23},104,[55],"This is a prospective, school-based randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate a wearable device-supported outdoor activity program for myopia prevention in primary school students with adequate hyperopic reserve. Enrolled students in grades 1 to 4 will be randomly assigned to either a wearable device-supported outdoor activity program plus routine school-based eye health education or routine school-based eye health education alone. Outcomes will include changes in axial length and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction, incident myopia, intervention adherence, and safety outcomes over 12 months.",[29,277,302],"Hyperopia",[304,305,306,307],"Myopia Prevention","Adequate Hyperopic Reserve","School-based Myopia Prevention","Outdoor Activity",{"date":207,"type":36},{"date":286,"type":36},{"date":288,"type":23},{"name":95,"class":43},{"id":313,"slug":314,"hasResults":12,"nctId":315,"briefTitle":316,"officialTitle":317,"acronym":270,"eligibilityCriteria":318,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":319,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":321,"briefSummary":322,"conditions":323,"keywords":324,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":283,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":326,"startDateStruct":327,"completionDateStruct":328,"leadSponsor":329,"locationsCount":72},"100650438","school-based-myopia-prevention-trial-for-children-with-insufficient-hyperopic-reserve-100650438","NCT07746804","School-based Myopia Prevention Trial for Children With Insufficient Hyperopic Reserve","A Randomized Controlled Trial of School-based Auricular Acupressure for Myopia Prevention in Non-myopic Children With Insufficient Hyperopic Reserve","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Students in grades 1 to 4 from participating primary schools.\n* Non-myopic children with insufficient hyperopic reserve, defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction in the worse eye greater than +0.75 D and below the following age-specific upper limits: +1.72 D at age 6 years; +1.48 D at age 7 years; +1.19 D at age 8 years; +1.11 D at age 9 years; +0.92 D at age 10 years; and +0.83 D at age 11 years.\n* Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian, with willingness to participate in baseline and follow-up assessments during the study period.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Strabismus, amblyopia, or other ocular abnormalities.\n* Systemic disease or other medical conditions that may affect study participation.\n* Has received any myopia prevention intervention in the past 3 months.\n* Known skin sensitivity, local ear skin lesions, or other conditions judged unsuitable for auricular acupressure.\n* Any other condition judged by the study doctors to make participation inappropriate.",{"count":320,"type":23},130,[55],"This is a prospective, school-based randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate auricular acupressure for myopia prevention in non-myopic primary school students with insufficient hyperopic reserve. Enrolled students in grades 1 to 4 will be randomly assigned to either an auricular acupressure intervention or usual daily activities without additional study-related myopia prevention intervention. Outcomes will include changes in axial length and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction, incident myopia, intervention adherence, and safety outcomes over 12 months.",[277,302,29],[304,282,325,228],"Hyperopic Reserve",{"date":207,"type":36},{"date":286,"type":36},{"date":288,"type":23},{"name":95,"class":43},{"id":331,"slug":332,"hasResults":12,"nctId":333,"briefTitle":334,"officialTitle":335,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":336,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":337,"enrollmentInfo":338,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":340,"briefSummary":341,"conditions":342,"keywords":344,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":348,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":349,"startDateStruct":350,"completionDateStruct":351,"leadSponsor":353,"locationsCount":72},"100650422","contact-lenses-to-slow-myopia-progression-in-adults-100650422","NCT07747311","Contact Lenses to Slow Myopia Progression in Adults","Dual-focus Soft Contact Lenses for the Treatment of Adult Myopia Progression","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Any gender, aged 18-30 years, inclusive.\n* Successful previous contact lens wearer\n* Documented ongoing myopia progression (at least 0.50D over past 2 years)\n* Refractive error meeting the following by cycloplegic autorefraction:\n* Myopia -0.50D to -5.00D SER in both eyes\n* Astigmatism (absolute value) ≤ 1.50 D in both eyes\n* Anisometropia \\\u003C 1.50 D SER.\n\nBest-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in current correction as follows:\n\n* 0.1 logMAR or better\n* Interocular difference ≤ 0.1 log MAR\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Current or previous use of pharmacologic or optical myopia control treatment within the past 2 years.\n* Any ocular disease or abnormality affecting the cornea, lens, retina, iris, ciliary body, choroid, or sclera.\n* History of manifest strabismus, amblyopia, or nystagmus.\n* Previous eyelid, strabismus, intraocular, or refractive surgery. I- ntraocular pressure \\>26 mmHg.\n* of premature birth (≥6 weeks before the due date).\n* Neurological disorders, genetic syndromes, or other conditions that would interfere with completion of study procedures.\n* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to fluorescein, proparacaine, or tropicamide.\n* Conditions associated with degenerative myopia or abnormal ocular anatomy (e.g., Marfan syndrome, Stickler syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, keratoconus, lenticonus, or spherophakia).\n* Regular use of ocular medications, artificial tears, or wetting agents.\n* Current use of systemic medications that may affect contact lens wear, tear film, pupil size, accommodation, electrophysiology, or refractive state.\n* Diagnosis of or treatment for attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or a learning disability.\n* Systemic disease that may affect visual function (e.g., diabetes mellitus).\n* Ocular inflammation within 30 days before screening.\n* Slit-lamp findings that contraindicate contact lens wear (e.g., corneal scars, corneal neovascularization, giant papillary conjunctivitis).\n* Blepharospasm or other eyelid abnormalities that interfere with contact lens wear.\n* Any severe ocular or systemic condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would interfere with study participation or follow-up.","30 Years",{"count":339,"type":23},152,[55],"Myopia (nearsightedness) can continue to worsen during young adulthood, increasing the risk of sight-threatening eye diseases later in life. Although dual-focus soft contacts (DFSC) lenses have been shown to slow myopia progression in children, their effectiveness in adults is not well understood. This study will compare DFSC lenses with standard single-vision soft contact (SVSC) lenses in myopic young adults aged 18 to 30 years. Participants will be randomly assigned to wear one of the two lens types for 24 months. The study will measure changes in axial length and cycloplegic refractive error to determine whether DFSC lenses slow myopia progression in young adults.",[29,343],"Myopia Progression",[60,345,346,347],"adult myopia","myopia progression","MiSight","2026-07-30",{"date":207,"type":36},{"date":162,"type":23},{"date":352,"type":23},"2030-09-30",{"name":354,"class":43},"University of California, Berkeley",{"id":356,"slug":357,"hasResults":12,"nctId":358,"briefTitle":359,"officialTitle":360,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":361,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":245,"maxAge":362,"enrollmentInfo":363,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":365,"briefSummary":366,"conditions":367,"keywords":368,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":370,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":371,"startDateStruct":373,"completionDateStruct":375,"leadSponsor":377,"locationsCount":72},"100624228","dietary-supplement-for-myopia-control-100624228","NCT07406906","Dietary Supplement for Myopia Control","The Effect of Dietary Supplements on Choroidal Thickness and Vasculature in Myopic Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 8-13 years\n* Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -0.50 D to -5.00 D with astigmatism of 2.5 D or less and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.0 logarithm or more in either eye\n* Anisometropia of 1.50 D or less\n* Intraocular pressure of 10 mmHg to 21 mmHg in both eyes\n* Willing to give written consent to participate in the study and accept random allocation in grouping\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Ocular abnormalities leading to visual impairment\n* Severe physiological and psychological diseases affecting follow-up\n* Receiving previous myopia control treatment including but not limited to atropine therapy and orthokeratology in the past 3 months\n* Use of any other dietary supplements containing DHA\u002FEPA, Lutein, or Astaxanthin in the past 3 months\n* Known history of allergy to any of the components of the dietary supplement or placebo, or history of an allergic reaction that required emergency treatment\n* Children who had other contraindications identified by the investigators that made them unsuitable for participation","13 Years",{"count":364,"type":23},156,[55],"The purpose of this clinical trial is to investigate the changes in choroidal thickness and vasculature in myopic children following oral supplementation.",[29],[369],"oral supplements, choroidal thickness, choroidal blood flow","2026-07-23",{"date":372,"type":36},"2026-07-24",{"date":374,"type":23},"2026-08-01",{"date":376,"type":23},"2026-12-30",{"name":378,"class":43},"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University",{"id":380,"slug":381,"hasResults":12,"nctId":382,"briefTitle":383,"officialTitle":383,"acronym":384,"eligibilityCriteria":385,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":386,"maxAge":245,"enrollmentInfo":387,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":200,"phases":4,"briefSummary":389,"conditions":390,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":391,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":392,"startDateStruct":393,"completionDateStruct":395,"leadSponsor":397,"locationsCount":72},"100617313","incidence-of-myopia-in-a-prospective-cohort-of-emmetropic-children-and-associated-ocular-and-environmental-factors-100617313","NCT07316998","Incidence of Myopia in a Prospective Cohort of Emmetropic Children and Associated Ocular and Environmental Factors","PREMYOP","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 4 years and \\\u003C 9 years\n* Spherical equivalent measured by autorefractometer ≥ 0.00 and ≤ +2.00 diopters in each eye (cycloplegic autorefraction)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Presence of trauma in at least one eye\n* Presence of inflammatory ocular pathology in at least one eye\n* History of intraocular pressure-lowering ophthalmic treatment, intravitreal injections, laser treatment, or myopia control therapy (e.g., atropine, orthokeratology, myopia control lenses)\n* History of ophthalmic surgery other than for the management of strabismus (e.g., cataract surgery, filtering surgery, intravitreal surgery) in at least one eye","4 Years",{"count":388,"type":23},100,"Myopia and high myopia are among the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The total number of people with myopia worldwide was estimated at 2.6 billion in 2020 and could reach 4.8 billion by 2050 unless preventive interventions are implemented.\n\nMost epidemiological studies have focused on risk factors for myopia progression, with far fewer addressing the factors that cause a child to shift from emmetropia to myopia. The risk factors for the onset of myopia may be the same as those for myopia progression. However, for an equivalent level of risk exposure, it remains unclear why some children develop myopia while others do not.\n\nIdentifying the population most at risk of developing myopia would make it possible to propose preventive treatments aimed at delaying or preventing its onset. This would allow evaluation of the effectiveness of current myopia control treatments (peripheral defocus lenses, atropine, contact lenses) in preventing the onset of myopia, as well as future targeted treatments, including the potential benefit of early optical correction-a strategy once used but later abandoned due to a lack of robust scientific evidence.\n\nThe establishment of longitudinal follow-up of young emmetropic children at the French Institute of Myopia will enable the acquisition of high-quality imaging, allowing investigation of the association between advanced imaging parameters and external environmental factors with the onset of myopia.",[29],"2026-07-22",{"date":370,"type":36},{"date":394,"type":36},"2026-02-18",{"date":396,"type":23},"2031-02",{"name":398,"class":399},"Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild","NETWORK",{"id":401,"slug":402,"hasResults":12,"nctId":403,"briefTitle":404,"officialTitle":404,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":405,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":51,"enrollmentInfo":406,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":407,"briefSummary":408,"conditions":409,"keywords":411,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":413,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":414,"startDateStruct":415,"completionDateStruct":417,"leadSponsor":419,"locationsCount":72},"100648758","effectiveness-of-digital-defocus-vision-training-with-low-concentration-atropine-on-the-prevention-and-control-of-myopia-in-children-a-clinical-study-100648758","NCT07724210","Effectiveness of Digital Defocus Vision Training With Low-Concentration Atropine on the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children: A Clinical Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children and adolescents aged 6 to 12 years with bilateral myopia; the right eye is selected as the study eye.\n* Cycloplegic refraction performed within 1 month prior to baseline visit meets the following ocular refractive criteria: spherical equivalent refraction ranging from -1.00 D to -6.00 D (inclusive), astigmatism ≤ 2.00 D, and anisometropia ≤ 1.00 D.\n* Bilateral best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 0.8.\n* Participants in the experimental group agree to complete 18-minute daily VR accommodative defocus training at home (1 hour before bedtime), combined with one drop of 0.02% atropine ophthalmic solution instilled in each eye every night before bedtime, and wear fully corrected multi-zone positive optical defocus spectacles for no less than 10 hours per day throughout the study period. Participants in the control group agree to instill one drop of 0.02% atropine ophthalmic solution in each eye every night before bedtime and wear fully corrected multi-zone positive optical defocus spectacles for no less than 10 hours per day throughout the study period. All participants shall promptly notify the investigator if they are unable to comply with the above study regimens.\n* Able to complete all scheduled follow-up examinations at baseline, Month 1, Month 6, and Month 12 as required.\n* The participant and their legal guardian fully understand the study protocol, agree to participate in the clinical trial, and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Received any myopia control treatment within 6 months prior to screening, including but not limited to atropine eye drops, orthokeratology lenses, and phototherapy instruments.\n* Received flip lens training within 6 months prior to screening.\n* Diagnosed with ocular diseases including strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus, ocular tumors, congenital glaucoma, congenital cataract, or other organic eye disorders.\n* Have a history of ocular surgery or ocular trauma, including corneal transplantation, corneal suture surgery, pediatric cataract surgery, and pediatric glaucoma surgery.\n* Have systemic diseases that may affect ocular health, including Marfan syndrome, Marchesani syndrome, Down syndrome, craniocerebral trauma, epilepsy, spastic paralysis, and other related systemic disorders.\n* Concurrent participation in any other interventional clinical trial.",{"count":388,"type":23},[55],"Based on existing theories of myopia development and progression, our preliminary work has leveraged the features of virtual reality (VR) technology to digitally simulate myopic defocus signals through image-based emulation. Using ray-tracing techniques, we generated a constant amount of defocus on the corresponding retinal areas, employed a gradient defocus design combined with intelligent navigation to enhance defocus stimulation efficacy, and thereby developed a Digital Peripheral Defocus Training (DDVT) paradigm. In prior interventional studies, this training system demonstrated certain efficacy in controlling both axial length elongation and refractive error progression in pediatric subjects. Specifically, the control rate for refractive error progression exceeded 50%, reaching a level comparable to first-line clinical myopia control modalities, whereas the control rate for axial length elongation was approximately 45%, slightly lower than that of commonly used clinical interventions. The investigators hypothesize that this may be attributable to the paradigm's design being based solely on peripheral defocus theory, resulting in a relatively singular mechanism of action.\n\nIn the present study, we combine digital defocus training via VR devices with low-dose atropine (primarily targeting the neurotransmitter-related theory and the scleral hypoxia theory), and compare this combination against conventional defocus-based interventions (peripheral defocus design spectacles). The aim is to evaluate the combined effect of this multi-pathway, multi-target myopia control strategy on axial length and refractive error control in myopic children.\n\nPrimary Objective\n\nTo compare the effect on axial length elongation control between two different combined intervention regimens in myopic children:\n\n1. 0.02% atropine eye drops combined with daily wear of fully corrected Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacles;\n2. DDVT combined with 0.02% atropine eye drops and daily wear of fully corrected DIMS spectacles.\n\nThrough a 1-year follow-up, we will determine whether the change in axial length from baseline differs significantly between the two groups.\n\nSecondary Objectives Between-group differences: To compare the 1-year changes between the two groups (DDVT + atropine + DIMS vs. atropine + DIMS) in the following parameters: refractive error (spherical equivalent), accommodative facility, positive and negative relative accommodation (PRA\u002FNRA), uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, and intraocular pressure. Additionally, to analyse the associations among these between-group differences.\n\nWithin-group changes: To evaluate the changes from baseline in each of the above parameters after 1 year of intervention within each group separately.",[29,410],"Prevention and Control",[412],"Myopia、Virtual Reality、 Peripheral Defocus、Low-concentration Atropine、 Myopia Prevention and Control","2026-07-20",{"date":372,"type":36},{"date":416,"type":23},"2026-08-20",{"date":418,"type":23},"2027-12-31",{"name":420,"class":43},"Beijing Tongren Hospital",{"id":422,"slug":423,"hasResults":12,"nctId":424,"briefTitle":425,"officialTitle":426,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":427,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":428,"maxAge":429,"enrollmentInfo":430,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":432,"briefSummary":434,"conditions":435,"keywords":436,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":440,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":441,"startDateStruct":442,"completionDateStruct":443,"leadSponsor":445,"locationsCount":72},"100648508","phase-4-smile-surgery-in-one-eye-compared-to-ray-tracing-guided-lasik-surgery-in-the-fellow-eye-100648508","NCT07721714","SMILE Surgery in One Eye Compared to Ray Tracing-guided LASIK Surgery in the Fellow Eye","A Prospective Randomized Comparison of SMILE Surgery to Ray Tracing-Guided LASIK Surgery","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects age 22 and older with healthy eyes. Nearsightedness between -1.00 diopters and -8.00 diopters.\n\nSubjects with less than or equal to 3.00 diopters of astigmatism.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects under the age of 22. Subjects with excessively thin corneas. Subjects with topographic evidence of keratoconus. Subjects with ectactic eye disorders. Subjects with autoimmune diseases. Subjects who are pregnant or nursing. Subjects must have similar levels of nearsightedness in each eye. They can not be more than 1.5 diopter of difference between eyes.\n\nSubjects with more than 3.00 diopters of astigmatism Subjects must have similar levels of astigmatism in each eye. They can not have more than 0.75 diopters of difference between eyes.","22 Years","59 Years",{"count":431,"type":23},62,[433],"PHASE4","Participants will undergo LASIK surgery in one eye using ray tracing guided technology in one eye and LASIK surgery in the other eye using wavefront guided technology. We are comparing outcomes between the two technologies as measured by self reported quality of vision and quality of life outcomes using validated questionnaires before and after surgery. We will also be comparing outcomes between the two technologies including measurement of low contrast visual acuity,and best spectacle corrected visual acuity.",[29,180],[437,438,439],"Ray-tracing","LASIK","SMILE","2026-07-18",{"date":370,"type":36},{"date":207,"type":23},{"date":444,"type":23},"2029-07-31",{"name":446,"class":43},"Stanford University",{"id":448,"slug":449,"hasResults":12,"nctId":450,"briefTitle":451,"officialTitle":452,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":453,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":454,"enrollmentInfo":455,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":457,"briefSummary":458,"conditions":459,"keywords":461,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":464,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":465,"startDateStruct":467,"completionDateStruct":468,"leadSponsor":470,"locationsCount":72},"100646112","comparison-of-two-rotational-alignment-methods-for-astigmatism-correction-in-smile-surgery-100646112","NCT07696468","Comparison of Two Rotational Alignment Methods for Astigmatism Correction in SMILE Surgery","Comparison of Astigmatic Correction Outcomes Following SMILE With OcuLign-Assisted Cyclotorsion Control and Manual Limbal Marking: A Prospective Randomized Contralateral-Eye Noninferiority Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age range: 18 - 40 years old. Patients with myopic astigmatism and stable refractive status for \\>= 1 year.\n2. Normal corneal morphology in both eyes, with corneal thickness and other ocular parameters meeting the requirements for SMILE surgery.\n3. Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) \\>= 1.0 in both eyes.\n4. Manifest refractive cylinder \\>= 0.75 D in both eyes, with an interocular difference in absolute cylinder power \\\u003C= 1.00 D.\n5. Both eyes can provide reliable preoperative upright-position image information required for astigmatic axis recognition, and are judged by the investigator to meet the requirements for OcuLign cyclotorsion recognition and axis alignment on the VISUMAX 800 platform.\n6. Voluntary to undergo bilateral SMILE surgery on the VISUMAX 800 platform, understanding the random eye-assignment scheme and signing the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of prior ocular surgery, significant ocular trauma, or presence of ocular diseases that may affect the safety of refractive surgery or the interpretation of study outcomes.\n2. Irregular astigmatism or poor repeatability of bilateral astigmatism measurements, making reliable astigmatic axis analysis impossible.\n3. Presence of strabismus, nystagmus, significant binocular vision abnormality, or any condition that may affect fixation or cooperation during examinations.\n4. Severe systemic diseases that may affect ocular healing or surgical safety.\n5. Females who are pregnant or lactating.\n6. Inability to complete the required postoperative follow-up visits or questionnaire assessments.","40 Years",{"count":456,"type":23},52,[55],"Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a commonly used corneal refractive procedure for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. During astigmatism correction, eye rotation between the upright examination position and the supine surgical position may affect the alignment of the astigmatic treatment axis and may contribute to residual astigmatism after surgery.\n\nManual limbal marking is a commonly used method to guide cyclotorsion adjustment during refractive surgery. OcuLign is an assisted cyclotorsion control function of the VISUMAX 800 platform that helps identify ocular rotation and guide axis alignment during SMILE. However, direct clinical evidence comparing OcuLign-assisted cyclotorsion control with manual limbal marking during SMILE is limited.\n\nThis study is a single-center, prospective, randomized, masked, contralateral-eye non-inferiority trial. Adults aged 18 to 40 years with stable myopia and astigmatism who plan to undergo bilateral SMILE surgery will be enrolled. In each participant, one eye will receive SMILE with OcuLign-assisted cyclotorsion control, and the fellow eye will receive SMILE with manual limbal marking-guided cyclotorsion adjustment. The treatment assigned to the right eye will be determined by randomization.\n\nThe primary objective is to compare residual refractive astigmatism at 3 months after surgery between the two methods. Secondary outcomes include visual acuity, refractive predictability and stability, astigmatism vector analysis, higher-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, patient-reported quality of vision, overall satisfaction, and safety outcomes. Participants will be followed for approximately 6 months after surgery.",[29,460],"Refractive Ametropia",[60,439,462,463],"VisuMax 800","Cyclotorsion","2026-07-13",{"date":466,"type":36},"2026-07-15",{"date":464,"type":23},{"date":469,"type":23},"2027-06-30",{"name":215,"class":43},{"id":472,"slug":473,"hasResults":12,"nctId":474,"briefTitle":475,"officialTitle":475,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":476,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":477,"enrollmentInfo":478,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":200,"phases":4,"briefSummary":480,"conditions":481,"keywords":483,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":487,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":488,"startDateStruct":489,"completionDateStruct":491,"leadSponsor":493,"locationsCount":72},"100645872","inhibition-of-myopia-progression-with-optical-devices-100645872","NCT07698977","Inhibition of Myopia Progression With Optical Devices","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Participants must be between 6 and 15 years of age at the start of myopia progression treatment\n\n  * Caucasian ethnicity\n  * Refractive error measured under cycloplegia, expressed as spherical equivalent: between -0.50 Dsph and -10.0 Dsph\n  * Wearing myopia-control glasses while awake\n  * Participation in follow-up examinations every 6 months\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Pathological myopia (e.g., myopia onset before age 6, Stickler syndrome)\n\n  * Premature birth before the 32nd week of gestation\n  * Previous eye-opening surgery (e.g., lens removal)\n  * Traumatic eye injury\n  * Known connective tissue disorder (e.g., Marfan syndrome)\n  * Irregular or improper use of progressive-lens glasses\n  * Failure to attend the follow-up examinations scheduled every 6 months","15 Years",{"count":479,"type":23},50,"This observational study aims to determine whether optical devices designed to slow myopia progression and\u002For environmental factors can prevent myopia progression in the pediatric and adolescent myopic population.\n\nThe study aims to answer the following questions:\n\n1. How does myopia progression change with age while wearing myopia progression control glasses?\n2. How does myopia progression change while wearing myopia progression-control glasses when environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors and place of residence, are taken into account?\n3. How does myopia progression change at different ages while wearing myopia progression control glasses given a family history of myopia? This will be a self-controlled observational study. Participants who are myopic after cycloplegic refraction will be prescribed DIMS glasses. DIMS stands for \"defocus incorporated multiple segments,\" a specialized optical technology used in spectacle lenses to slow nearsightedness progression in children.\n\nPatients will keep a diary of their subjective symptoms and environmental factors, e.g., time spent outdoors and screen time.\n\nPatients will visit the clinic once every six months for checkups and the following tests:\n\n* Best corrected visual acuity test\n* Stereopsis\n* Automatic refractometry\n* Bulbar axial length measurement\n\nIn a follow-up study, researchers will compare myopia progression with environmental and baseline factors to learn about the long-term effects of DIMS lenses on myopia progression.",[343,29,482],"Myopia, Child Myopia Progression",[60,346,484,485,486],"optical device","DIMS lenses","bulbar axial length","2026-07-07",{"date":464,"type":36},{"date":490,"type":36},"2026-06-02",{"date":492,"type":23},"2027-05-31",{"name":494,"class":43},"Semmelweis University",{"id":496,"slug":497,"hasResults":12,"nctId":498,"briefTitle":499,"officialTitle":500,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":501,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":454,"enrollmentInfo":502,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":504,"briefSummary":505,"conditions":506,"keywords":507,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":511,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":512,"startDateStruct":513,"completionDateStruct":515,"leadSponsor":517,"locationsCount":72},"100632317","the-impact-of-a-miss-is-as-good-as-a-mile-is-compensation-necessary-for-minimal-ocular-deviation-in-myopic-laser-surgery-100632317","NCT07512115","The Impact of 'A Miss Is as Good as a Mile': Is Compensation Necessary for Minimal Ocular Deviation in Myopic Laser Surgery?","Effect of Centration Compensation on Visual Quality in VisuMax 800 SMILE for Small Kappa Angles: A Randomized Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Patients aged 18 to 40 years with myopia or myopic astigmatism and stable refraction for \\>=1 year, whose refractive errors fall within the treatable range of and meet the indications for SMILE surgery.\n2. Normal corneal morphology and corneal thickness meeting surgical requirements.\n3. Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) \\>= 1.0.\n4. Preoperative synthetic Kappa angle offset measured \\>= 0.10 mm and \\\u003C 0.20 mm.\n5. Voluntarily agree to undergo SMILE surgery on the VISUMAX 800 platform, understand the randomization scheme, and provide signed informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of prior ocular surgery, significant ocular trauma, or presence of corneal or ocular diseases that may affect the safety of refractive surgery.\n2. Severe systemic diseases that may affect ocular healing or surgical safety.\n3. Females who are pregnant or lactating.\n4. Inability to cooperate as required to complete the procedure or follow-up visits.",{"count":503,"type":23},224,[55],"The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of intraoperative kappa-angle compensation on postoperative visual quality in patients undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the VisuMax 800 platform. The study will enroll patients with myopia and a kappa-angle offset \\\u003C 0.2 mm.\n\nThe main questions it aims to answer are:\n\nDoes intraoperative kappa-angle compensation reduce postoperative higher-order aberrations after SMILE? Does kappa-angle compensation improve postoperative visual quality and refractive outcomes compared with no compensation?\n\nResearchers will compare SMILE with intraoperative kappa-angle compensation to SMILE without compensation to determine whether compensation leads to better optical quality and visual performance.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nUndergo SMILE surgery with or without intraoperative kappa-angle compensation Complete scheduled postoperative examinations at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery Receive measurements of visual acuity, refraction, higher-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and safety outcomes",[29,460],[60,439,508,509,510,462],"Refractive Surgery","Randomized Clinical Trial","Angle Kappa","2026-07-05",{"date":487,"type":36},{"date":514,"type":36},"2026-04-08",{"date":516,"type":23},"2027-05-30",{"name":215,"class":43},{"id":519,"slug":520,"hasResults":12,"nctId":521,"briefTitle":522,"officialTitle":522,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":523,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":103,"maxAge":454,"enrollmentInfo":524,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":525,"briefSummary":526,"conditions":527,"keywords":528,"overallStatus":32,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":511,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":529,"startDateStruct":530,"completionDateStruct":531,"leadSponsor":532,"locationsCount":72},"100632316","comparison-of-low--versus-high-level-angle-kappa-compensation-strategies-in-smile-using-the-visumax-800-a-randomized-clinical-trial-100632316","NCT07512102","Comparison of Low- Versus High-Level Angle Kappa Compensation Strategies in SMILE Using the VisuMax 800: A Randomized Clinical Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Age range: 18 - 40 years old. Patients with stable refractive status for \\>= 1 year, having myopia or myopic astigmatism, with refractive power within the range of SMILE procedure.\n2. Normal corneal morphology and corneal thickness meeting the surgical requirements.\n3. Best corrected visual acuity (CDVA) before surgery \\>= 1.0.\n4. The kappa angle-related offset coordinates (x, y) obtained before surgery, with the absolute value of either \\|x\\| or \\|yl\\| of any eye \\>= 0.20mm.\n5. Voluntary to undergo SMILE surgery on the VISUMAX800 platform, understanding the random grouping scheme and signing the informed consent form.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of prior ocular surgery, significant ocular trauma, or presence of corneal or ocular diseases that may affect the safety of refractive surgery.\n2. Severe systemic diseases that may affect ocular healing or surgical safety.\n3. Females who are pregnant or lactating.\n4. Inability to cooperate as required to complete the procedure or follow-up visits.",{"count":388,"type":23},[55],"The goal of this clinical trial is to compare two intraoperative kappa-angle compensation strategies during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the VisuMax 800 platform in patients with relatively large kappa-angle offsets.\n\nAngle kappa represents the difference between the visual axis and the pupil center. In patients with a large offset, pupil-centered treatment may lead to decentration of the optical zone, which can induce higher-order aberrations and affect postoperative visual quality. The VisuMax 800 system allows intraoperative adjustment of the treatment center based on the measured offset, making different compensation strategies possible.\n\nThe main questions this study aims to answer are:\n\nDoes low kappa-angle compensation (50%) result in lower postoperative higher-order aberrations than high compensation (100%)? Does the compensation strategy influence visual acuity, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and subjective visual quality after SMILE? Are the measurements obtained from different diagnostic devices consistent when evaluating kappa-related parameters?\n\nResearchers will compare SMILE with low compensation to SMILE with high compensation to determine which strategy provides better optical quality and visual performance.\n\nParticipants will:\n\nUndergo SMILE surgery using either low or high kappa-angle compensation Complete scheduled postoperative examinations at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months Receive measurements of visual acuity, refraction, higher-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and patient-reported visual outcomes Be monitored for safety outcomes and adverse events during follow-up",[29,460],[60,439,508,509,510,462],{"date":487,"type":36},{"date":514,"type":36},{"date":516,"type":23},{"name":215,"class":43},{"id":534,"slug":535,"hasResults":12,"nctId":536,"briefTitle":537,"officialTitle":538,"acronym":539,"eligibilityCriteria":540,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":20,"enrollmentInfo":541,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":543,"briefSummary":544,"conditions":545,"keywords":546,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":211,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":551,"startDateStruct":553,"completionDateStruct":555,"leadSponsor":557,"locationsCount":4},"100646895","comparing-myopia-control-spectacle-lenses-for-visual-comfort-adaptation-and-satisfaction-in-myopic-children-100646895","NCT07683481","Comparing Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses for Visual Comfort, Adaptation, and Satisfaction in Myopic Children","Evaluation of Visual Comfort, Adaptation, and Satisfaction With a Myopia Control Lens in Myopic Children","EVASION","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Volunteer participant who is willing and able to comply with all scheduled study visits.\n* Informed consent of parent\u002Fguardian and assent of participant.\n* Age ≥ 6 years and \\\u003C 11 years at the time of signing informed consent and assent.\n* Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) equal or less than -0.50D and equal or greater than -4.75D with astigmatism not more than 2.00 D on both eyes.\n* Difference in SER (anisometropia) between two eyes should not exceed 1.50 D.\n* Best corrected Distance Visual Acuity (BCDVA) better than or equal to +0.10 LogMAR in each eye.\n* Be in good general health, based on the participant and the parent's\u002Fguardian's knowledge.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of Atropine, Orthokeratology, Contact Lens or Red Light treatment.\n* Strabismus by cover test at near or distance wearing correction.\n* History and presence of amblyopia.\n* Any ocular or systemic condition known to affect refractive status (e.g. keratoconus, diabetes, Downs syndrome, or other developmental disorders, etc.).\n* Current use of ocular or systemic medications which, in the investigator's opinion, may significantly affect pupil size, accommodation or refractive state.\n* History of ocular injury or surgery.\n* Participation in any clinical study within 30 days of the Baseline visit.\n* Sibling of existing participant of this study\n* Study participants deemed inappropriate for the study by the investigator.\n* The inherent ocular\u002Fsystemic discomfort (dry eyes, visual fatigue, headaches, etc.) that may affect the evaluation of the study lens wearing experience, from the investigator's perspective.",{"count":542,"type":23},20,[55],"The goal of this clinical trial is to demonstrate that the visual comfort, adaptation, and overall satisfaction associated with the use of the test spectacle lenses are not inferior to those of the control spectacle lenses in myopic children age ≥ 6 years and \\\u003C 11 years old, both male and female, with no systemic or ocular anomalies. The main question it aims to answer is:\n\nDo children adapt to the test spectacle lenses within the first 1-2 weeks of wear without significant symptoms or complaints?\n\nIs the level of visual comfort and overall satisfaction with test spectacle lenses comparable to that of control spectacle lenses during the early adaptation period?\n\nResearchers will compare questionnaire responses between participants wearing test lenses and those wearing control lenses to assess whether the test lenses are non-inferior in terms of visual comfort, adaptation, and user satisfaction.\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Wear the study spectacles for 2 weeks\n* Respond to questionnaires 4 days after dispensing and at 2 weeks\n* Visit Essilor R\\&D Centre for screening, dispensing and follow up sessions",[29],[547,548,549,550],"adaptation","visual comfort","satisfaction","refractive error",{"date":552,"type":36},"2026-07-06",{"date":554,"type":23},"2026-06",{"date":556,"type":23},"2026-11",{"name":558,"class":189},"Essilor International",{"id":560,"slug":561,"hasResults":12,"nctId":562,"briefTitle":563,"officialTitle":563,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":564,"healthyVolunteers":12,"sex":18,"minAge":19,"maxAge":103,"enrollmentInfo":565,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":200,"phases":4,"briefSummary":567,"conditions":568,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":211,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":570,"startDateStruct":572,"completionDateStruct":573,"leadSponsor":575,"locationsCount":4},"100646322","impact-of-various-myopia-management-strategies-on-asthenopia-among-pediatric-and-adolescent-populations-100646322","NCT07691671","Impact of Various Myopia Management Strategies on Asthenopia Among Pediatric and Adolescent Populations","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* ① Children and adolescents with myopia attending the Optometry Centre of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital;\n\n  * Age range 6-18 years, grouped by chronological age at 12 and 13 years into a children's group (6-12 years) and an adolescent group (13-18 years), irrespective of sex; ③ Current use of one or a combination of the following interventions: a. conventional single-vision spectacle lenses; b. defocus-inducing spectacles (multifocal or peripheral defocus design); c. orthokeratology (OK) lenses; d. low-concentration atropine eye drops (0.01%); e. red-light therapy; f. no myopia control intervention; ④ Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 0.8 on the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart; ⑤ Written informed consent obtained from guardians, and assent obtained from children aged 8 years and older.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* ① Individuals residing in plateau or high-wind areas;\n\n  * Individuals with a history of any ophthalmic surgery;\n\n    * Individuals diagnosed with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or somatic symptom disorder by a psychiatrist, or those who have taken psychoactive medications (e.g., anxiolytics, antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics) within the past 3 months; ④ Individuals with ocular diseases or conditions including keratoconus, strabismus, conjunctivitis, amblyopia, high myopia, glaucoma, cataract, retinal nerve defects, or systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, osteoporosis, thyroid disease, chronic migraine, or chronic headache, or those taking medications known to potentially induce asthenopia; ⑤ Others: inability to cooperate with subjective questionnaire completion or objective examinations; or other conditions deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigators.",{"count":566,"type":23},600,"Different myopia control interventions have certain effects on ocular asthenopia in children and adolescents. As children and adolescents are in a critical period of visual development, the presence of asthenopia may lead to an earlier onset and increased prevalence of a range of chronic eye diseases and retinal disorders, thereby affecting their physical and mental health as well as future development. However, existing studies have mostly focused on single interventions, lacking a systematic comparison of the effects of multiple myopia control approaches on asthenopia. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate, through a cross-sectional survey, the impact of various myopia control interventions-including conventional spectacles, defocus-inducing spectacles, orthokeratology, low-concentration atropine, red-light therapy, and combined multi-intervention strategies-on asthenopia, to assess the prevalence and severity of asthenopia among users of different interventions, and to compare the differences in their effects on asthenopia. This will provide evidence-based support for the selection of individualised correction strategies in clinical practice and contribute to advancing clinical research on asthenopia in children and adolescents.",[29,569],"Visual Fatigue",{"date":571,"type":36},"2026-07-09",{"date":511,"type":23},{"date":574,"type":23},"2027-04-30",{"name":576,"class":43},"Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital",{"id":578,"slug":579,"hasResults":12,"nctId":580,"briefTitle":581,"officialTitle":581,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":582,"healthyVolunteers":17,"sex":18,"minAge":245,"maxAge":583,"enrollmentInfo":584,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":24,"phases":586,"briefSummary":587,"conditions":588,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":62,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":589,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":590,"startDateStruct":591,"completionDateStruct":592,"leadSponsor":593,"locationsCount":4},"100646807","a-controlled-evaluation-of-optical-defocus-parameters-on-transient-changes-in-axial-length-using-kubota-glass-100646807","NCT07686289","A Controlled Evaluation of Optical Defocus Parameters on Transient Changes in Axial Length Using Kubota Glass","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Be of legal age or, if under legal age have written consent of their parent or guardian to participate.\n* Sign written Informed Consent (and the California Bill of Rights, if applicable).\n* Be between age 8-24 (inclusive) and able to understand and assent to participation.\n* Have a spherical component of spectacle prescription between -1.00 and -5.00 diopters (D) (inclusive) in each eye.\n* Have a refractive astigmatism of less than or equal to -1.00 D in each eye.\n* Have axial length between 23.00 and 25.99 millimeters (mm) in each eye.\n* Best Spectacle Corrected Visual Acuity (BSCVA) of 20\u002F25 or better in each eye.\n* Be willing and able to follow instructions and attend the schedule of follow-up visits.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent and assent.\n* Eye injury or surgery within twelve weeks immediately prior to enrollment.\n* Currently enrolled in an ophthalmic clinical trial.\n* Pregnant or lactating or expect to become pregnant during the trial (by self-report).\n* Evidence of systemic or ocular abnormality, infection or disease.\n* Use of medications that may affect the eye (including, but not limited to, corticosteroids and antimetabolites).\n* Anisometropia ≥ 2.00.\n* Subjects who have undergone corneal refractive surgery.\n* Use atropine or other anticholinergic drug within the past month.\n* Employees or immediate family members of employees of study sites or sponsor.","24 Years",{"count":585,"type":23},35,[55],"This study will assess the optimal performance characteristics of optical defocus on transient changes in axial length with Kubota Glass, using a randomized, double-masked, 5-treatment, 5-period crossover design with contralateral eye control.",[29],"2026-06-30",{"date":487,"type":36},{"date":552,"type":23},{"date":235,"type":23},{"name":594,"class":189},"Kubota Vision Inc."]