[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"smog-induced-pneumonia\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:smog-induced-pneumonia":26},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,1,0,[8],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":13,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":14,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":15,"minAge":16,"maxAge":17,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":22,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":28,"overallStatus":34,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":35,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":36,"startDateStruct":39,"completionDateStruct":41,"leadSponsor":43,"locationsCount":5},"100651483","effects-of-buteyko-breathing-versus-incentive-spirometry-on-oxygen-saturation-dyspnoea-exercise-tolerance-and-sputum-clearance-in-patients-with-smog-induced-pneumonia-100651483",false,"NCT07759583","Effects of Buteyko Breathing Versus Incentive Spirometry on Oxygen Saturation, Dyspnoea, Exercise Tolerance, and Sputum Clearance in Patients With Smog Induced Pneumonia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nMale and female participants Age between 25-40 years Clinically diagnosed pneumonia Recent exposure to high air pollution levels (AQI threshold exceeded within the past 7 days) Resting oxygen saturation between 86-95% Ability to understand and perform breathing exercises -\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nRequirement for mechanical ventilation or ICU admission Hemodynamic instability Severe chronic respiratory disease such as COPD with hypercapnia Pneumothorax or massive hemoptysis Recent thoracic surgery or trauma Cognitive impairment affecting cooperation Pregnancy\n\n\\-","ALL","25 Years","40 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},62,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[23],"NA","The current study will be a single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving 62 patients diagnosed with smog-induced pneumonia. The study will compare the effects of Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) with Incentive Spirometry (IS) on respiratory outcomes.\n\nParticipants will be randomly assigned to two groups using a concealed allocation method. The experimental group will receive Buteyko Breathing Technique along with standard medical care, while the control group will receive Incentive Spirometry along with standard medical care.\n\nBoth interventions will be performed twice daily for approximately 20-30 minutes per session for seven days or until hospital discharge.\n\nPrimary outcomes will include oxygen saturation (SpO₂), dyspnoea severity, exercise tolerance, sputum clearance, and respiratory symptom burden. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Day 0), mid-intervention (Day 3), post-intervention (Week 2), and follow-up (Week 4).\n\nThe study will be conducted at the pulmonary wards of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) and The Indus Hospital, Lahore.\n\nThe hypothesis is that Buteyko Breathing Technique may produce greater improvements in oxygen saturation, dyspnoea reduction, exercise tolerance, and sputum clearance compared with Incentive Spirometry in patients with smog-induced pneumonia.",[26,27],"Smog-Induced Pneumonia","Pneumonia",[29,30,31,32,33],"Buteyko Breathing Technique","Incentive Spirometry","Oxygen saturation","Pulmonary Rehabilitation","Smog-induced Pneumonia","RECRUITING","2026-08-06",{"date":37,"type":38},"2026-08-12","ACTUAL",{"date":40,"type":38},"2026-05-01",{"date":42,"type":20},"2026-10-15",{"name":44,"class":45},"Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences","OTHER"]