[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"varicocele\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:varicocele":27},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":5,"results":7},null,10,0,[8,41,80,113,137,167,194,218,242,268],{"id":9,"slug":10,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":14,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":19,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":23,"briefSummary":25,"conditions":26,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":28,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":29,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":30,"startDateStruct":33,"completionDateStruct":35,"leadSponsor":37,"locationsCount":40},"100651881","transjugular-and-transfemoral-embolization-for-varicocele-100651881",false,"NCT07764900","Transjugular and Transfemoral Embolization for Varicocele.","Combined Role of Transjugular and Transfemoral Embolization in the Management of Varicocele.","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1\\. Male patients aged 16-60 years. 2. Clinically palpable varicocele (Grade II or III) or subclinical varicocele associated with abnormal semen parameters.\n\n  3\\. Recurrent varicocele following previous surgical treatment. 4. Presence of scrotal pain, testicular atrophy, or infertility attributed to varicocele.\n\n  5\\. Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n\\- 1. Secondary varicocele due to a retroperitoneal mass or renal vein obstruction.\n\n2\\. Known allergy to iodinated contrast media. 3. Coagulation disorders or contraindications to endovascular procedures.","MALE","16 Years","60 Years",{"count":20,"type":21},30,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[24],"NA","This prospective study will evaluate two different approaches for performing embolization to treat varicocele, a condition in which the veins around the testicle become enlarged. Thirty patients with varicocele will undergo embolization using either a transjugular approach, through a vein in the neck, or a transfemoral approach, through a vein in the groin. The choice of approach will depend on the patient's venous anatomy and the feasibility of the procedure. Patients will be followed up at one and three months after the procedure to assess treatment effectiveness, symptom improvement, and any complications.",[27],"Varicocele","RECRUITING","2026-08-13",{"date":31,"type":32},"2026-08-14","ACTUAL",{"date":34,"type":32},"2026-04-10",{"date":36,"type":21},"2027-05-10",{"name":38,"class":39},"Sohag University","OTHER",1,{"id":42,"slug":43,"hasResults":11,"nctId":44,"briefTitle":45,"officialTitle":46,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":47,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":48,"minAge":49,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":50,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":52,"briefSummary":53,"conditions":54,"keywords":62,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":70,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":71,"startDateStruct":73,"completionDateStruct":75,"leadSponsor":77,"locationsCount":79},"100647918","recoverhome-postoperative-follow-up-study-100647918","NCT07714343","Recover@Home Postoperative Follow-up Study","Incorporating Mobile Technology Into Postoperative Care: A Randomized-Control Trial on Ambulatory Surgery With Recover@Home Approach Compared to Traditional Postoperative Inpatient Stay","Inclusion criteria:\n\n* Age 18 years or older.\n* Undergoing one of the eligible surgical procedures: inguinal\u002Ffemoral hernia repair; umbilical\u002Fepigastric hernia repair; excision of soft tissue tumors; thyroidectomy; or appendectomy; varicocelectomy, hydrocelectomy.\n* Able to provide informed consent, with consent read aloud and\u002For fingerprint signature permitted where approved by local ethics authorities.\n* Available for inpatient interviews, postoperative clinic visit interviews, and postoperative telephone and\u002For home follow-up during the 30-day postoperative period.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n* Clinical determination by the surgeon or anesthesia team that same-day discharge is unsafe or inappropriate.\n* Inability to provide informed consent or lack of an approved surrogate\u002Falternative consent process if required by the IRB.\n* Any other exclusion required by the final approved protocol or local regulatory authority.\n* ASA 3 or higher","ALL","18 Years",{"count":51,"type":21},194,[24],"This proposal describes a human subjects research study evaluating mHealth Ambulatory Surgery with Follow-up Nurse (Recovery@Home), as an alternative postoperative care pathway for selected low-acuity surgical procedures in Uganda. The Recovery@Home model discharges eligible patients home on the day of surgery and provides structured postoperative follow-up through nurse telephone calls, home visits, mobile-app documentation, escalation algorithms, and surgeon teleconsultation when clinically indicated. The proposed research includes a design to evaluate Recovery@Home against traditional postoperative inpatient care in a randomized controlled trial across three participating Ugandan surgical facilities.",[55,56,57,58,59,60,61,27],"Hernia, Inguinal","Hernia, Femoral","Hernia, Umbilical","Hernia, Ventral","Thyroidectomy","Appendectomy","Testicular Hydrocele",[63,64,65,66,67,68],"ambulatory surgery","nurse-led mobile health","postoperative care delivery","rural surgical facility","recovery at home","implementation science","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-15",{"date":72,"type":32},"2026-07-20",{"date":74,"type":21},"2027-03-01",{"date":76,"type":21},"2029-11-30",{"name":78,"class":39},"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai",4,{"id":81,"slug":82,"hasResults":11,"nctId":83,"briefTitle":84,"officialTitle":85,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":86,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":87,"maxAge":88,"enrollmentInfo":89,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":91,"briefSummary":92,"conditions":93,"keywords":97,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":104,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":105,"startDateStruct":107,"completionDateStruct":109,"leadSponsor":111,"locationsCount":4},"100646920","effect-of-varicocelectomy-on-spermatogenic-cell-count-and-semen-parameters-100646920","NCT07684963","Effect of Varicocelectomy on Spermatogenic Cell Count and Semen Parameters","Seminal Spermatogenic Cell Count Pre and Post Varicocelectomy: Relation to Seminal Parameters","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Infertile married males diagnosed with clinical varicocele.\n* Age between 20-45 years.\n* Patients indicated for varicocelectomy according to standard clinical guidelines.\n* Abnormal or suboptimal semen parameters on at least two semen analyses.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Azoospermic patients (complete absence of sperm in semen).\n* History of previous varicocelectomy or scrotal surgery.\n* Presence of other known causes of infertility (e.g., genetic abnormalities, obstructive azoospermia).\n* Active genital infection or systemic infection affecting semen analysis.\n* Use of medications affecting spermatogenesis within the last 3 months (e.g., testosterone, chemotherapy).\n* Chronic systemic diseases known to affect fertility (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, liver failure).\n* Severe leukocytospermia as confirmed by peroxidase (Endtz) test exceeding WHO reference limits.\n* Pus cell \\> 1 million\u002Fml by peroxidase.","20 Years","45 Years",{"count":90,"type":21},40,[24],"This study aims to evaluate how varicocele surgery (varicocelectomy) affects the number of immature sperm cells (spermatogenic cells) found in the semen of infertile men. Varicocele, an abnormal dilation of veins in the scrotum, is a common cause of male infertility that can negatively impact semen quality and overall testicular function. While surgery is widely performed to improve standard semen parameters, this study specifically investigates its impact on the shedding of immature germ cells into the seminal fluid, which can be an indicator of impaired sperm production.\n\nResearchers will enroll 40 infertile married men, aged 20 to 45, who have been diagnosed with a clinical varicocele and exhibit abnormal semen parameters. All participants will undergo a single surgical intervention known as a subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. To measure the effects of the surgery, participants will undergo careful semen analysis before the procedure, and again at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The primary goal is to track changes in the spermatogenic cell count and abnormal sperm morphology, and to explore how these changes correlate with conventional semen parameters like sperm concentration, motility, and vitality.",[27,94,95,96],"Male Infertility","Infertility","Varicocelectomy",[98,99,100,101,102,103],"Spermatogenic Cells","Semen Parameters","Immature Germ Cells","Semen Analysis","Sperm Morphology","Round Cells","2026-06-28",{"date":106,"type":32},"2026-07-06",{"date":108,"type":21},"2026-08",{"date":110,"type":21},"2027-09",{"name":112,"class":39},"Assiut University",{"id":114,"slug":115,"hasResults":11,"nctId":116,"briefTitle":117,"officialTitle":118,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":119,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":49,"maxAge":88,"enrollmentInfo":120,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":122,"briefSummary":123,"conditions":124,"keywords":125,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":128,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":129,"startDateStruct":131,"completionDateStruct":133,"leadSponsor":135,"locationsCount":40},"100644208","effects-of-visceral-osteopathic-massage-on-semen-parameters-and-hemodynamics-factors-in-varicocele-100644208","NCT07665905","Effects of Visceral Osteopathic Massage on Semen Parameters and Hemodynamics Factors in Varicocele","Investigation of the Effects of Visceral Osteopathic Massage Techniques on Semen Parameters and Hemodynamic Factors in Men With Varicocele: A Randomized Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Male individuals aged 18-45 years.\n2. Diagnosis of varicocele confirmed by clinical examination and Doppler Ultrasound.\n3. Not being considered a candidate for surgery by a urology specialist.\n4. Following a follow-up protocol based on spermiogram results.\n5. Having at least one varicocele-related abnormality in spermiogram parameters according to WHO 2021 standards.\n6. Providing voluntary consent to participate in the study.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. History of prior inguinal or scrotal surgery.\n2. Presence of active urogenital infection or malignancy.\n3. History of spinal or abdominal surgery that would contraindicate complementary medicine interventions.\n4. Having systemic inflammatory, rheumatologic, or endocrinologic diseases.\n5. Receiving additional medical or surgical intervention during the study period beyond routine medical treatment.\n6. Sperm quality changes due to hypogonadotropic causes.\n7. Use of prescribed purified flavonoid fraction venotonics for venous congestion and endothelial dysfunction.\n8. Use of antioxidant supplements (e.g., L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, Ubiquinol, etc.) intended to improve sperm quality.\n9. Refusal to participate in the study.",{"count":121,"type":21},32,[24],"The project aims to evaluate the effects of a visceral osteopathic manual therapy (VOM) protocol on semen parameters and testicular hemodynamic indicators in men diagnosed with varicocele. Varicocele, the most common correctable cause of male infertility, is a progressive vascular pathology characterized by dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins and venous reflux. Multifactorial mechanisms such as venous valve insufficiency, increased intra-abdominal pressure, microcirculatory impairment, and oxidative stress play a role in the pathophysiology of varicocele. Therefore, the present study investigates the clinical effectiveness of a non-invasive rehabilitation approach aimed at regulating intra-abdominal pressure and improving pelvic venous drainage. The study will be conducted using a prospective, randomized controlled clinical design, including male participants aged 18-45 years diagnosed with varicocele. The intervention group will receive visceral osteopathic manual therapy techniques two times per week for eight weeks, while the control group will receive lifestyle recommendations only. Before and after the intervention, semen analysis results, sperm morphology, motility parameters, and testicular venous hemodynamic measurements obtained by color Doppler ultrasonography will be compared. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods will be used in the analyses.\n\nThis project aims to generate clinical evidence regarding conservative, complementary medicine-based treatment options in the field of male infertility. Compared to studies on female reproductive health, research focusing on male reproductive health is more limited; therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the literature in this area. The results are anticipated to support the development of a cost-effective and accessible model for infertility treatment processes. In addition, the project aims to provide scientific data for the development of sustainable reproductive health approaches in terms of health economics in Türkiye. The study seeks to determine the effects of visceral osteopathic manual therapy on varicocele-related semen parameters and hemodynamic variables and to contribute to the development of new evidence-based approaches in the management of male infertility.",[27,95],[126,27,95,127],"Osteopathic Physicians","Men's Health","2026-06-18",{"date":130,"type":32},"2026-06-24",{"date":132,"type":21},"2026-09-01",{"date":134,"type":21},"2027-11-01",{"name":136,"class":39},"Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University",{"id":138,"slug":139,"hasResults":11,"nctId":140,"briefTitle":141,"officialTitle":142,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":143,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":49,"maxAge":144,"enrollmentInfo":145,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":147,"briefSummary":148,"conditions":149,"keywords":150,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":158,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":159,"startDateStruct":161,"completionDateStruct":163,"leadSponsor":165,"locationsCount":40},"100639084","selective-extended-venous-stripping-versus-standard-microsurgical-varicocelectomy-for-varicocele-related-male-infertility-100639084","NCT07605351","Selective Extended Venous Stripping Versus Standard Microsurgical Varicocelectomy for Varicocele-Related Male Infertility","Selective Extended Microsurgical Venous Stripping Versus Standard Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocelectomy in Infertile Men With Abnormal Semen Parameters: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male patients aged 18 to 50 years.\n* Couple infertility for at least 12 months.\n* Clinically palpable grade I to III varicocele confirmed by physical examination.\n* Abnormal semen parameters documented on at least two semen analyses performed 2 to 4 weeks apart according to World Health Organization laboratory standards.\n* Female partner evaluation completed or planned, with no untreated severe female factor that would make natural conception impossible.\n* Willingness to comply with postoperative follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months.\n* Written informed consent.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Azoospermia or cryptozoospermia, defined as absence of sperm in the native ejaculate on at least two baseline semen analyses, including cases in which sperm are detected only after centrifugation.\n* Known clinically significant chromosomal or genetic abnormality that independently explains severe male infertility, when identified before enrollment.\n* Previous varicocelectomy of the index side.\n* Previous inguinal, scrotal, or retroperitoneal surgery that may alter spermatic cord anatomy.\n* Subclinical varicocele only.\n* Isolated scrotal pain with normal semen parameters.\n* Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism requiring hormonal induction therapy.\n* Testosterone therapy within the previous 6 months.\n* Use of anti-estrogens, gonadotropins, or aromatase inhibitors within the previous 3 months.\n* Active genitourinary infection.\n* Testicular tumor or history of testicular cancer.\n* Severe systemic disease contraindicating surgery or anesthesia.\n* Inability to provide informed consent.\n* Inability or unwillingness to complete follow-up.","50 Years",{"count":146,"type":21},160,[24],"Varicocele is a common correctable cause of male infertility and may be associated with abnormal semen parameters, impaired testicular function, and scrotal discomfort. Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy is a commonly used surgical approach because it allows careful preservation of the testicular artery, lymphatic channels, vas deferens, and vasal vessels under magnification. However, persistent or recurrent varicocele may still occur after surgery, possibly because of missed or persistent venous channels.\n\nThis randomized controlled trial will compare two surgical techniques in infertile men with clinically palpable varicocele and abnormal semen parameters. Participants will be randomly assigned to either microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy with selective extended venous stripping or standard microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy with conventional vein ligation and division.\n\nThe main purpose of the study is to determine whether selective extended venous stripping reduces the rate of clinically and Doppler-confirmed persistent or recurrent varicocele at 12 months after surgery compared with the standard microsurgical technique. The study will also compare semen parameter improvement, pain improvement in participants with baseline pain, pregnancy outcomes, operative time, postoperative complications, and the need for additional treatment during 12 months of follow-up.",[27,94],[27,94,151,152,153,101,154,155,156,157],"Microsurgical Varicocelectomy","Subinguinal Varicocelectomy","Venous Stripping","Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound","Varicocele Recurrence","Abnormal Semen Parameters","Pregnancy Outcome","2026-05-18",{"date":160,"type":32},"2026-05-22",{"date":162,"type":21},"2026-06-15",{"date":164,"type":21},"2028-06-15",{"name":166,"class":39},"Benha University",{"id":168,"slug":169,"hasResults":11,"nctId":170,"briefTitle":171,"officialTitle":172,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":173,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":49,"maxAge":174,"enrollmentInfo":175,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":176,"briefSummary":177,"conditions":178,"keywords":180,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":186,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":187,"startDateStruct":189,"completionDateStruct":191,"leadSponsor":193,"locationsCount":4},"100632766","intratesticular-artery-resistive-index-changes-after-varicocelectomy-100632766","NCT07517952","Intratesticular Artery Resistive Index Changes After Varicocelectomy","Evaluation of Changes in Intratesticular Artery Resistive Index Following Varicocelectomy and Their Correlation With Semen Parameters and Testosterone Levels","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Infertile male patients with clinically palpable varicocele (Grade I to III).\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Extremes of age (pediatric or geriatric populations).\n* History of previous scrotal surgery or trauma.\n* Active urogenital infection (e.g., epididymo-orchitis).\n* History of testicular torsion.\n* Any comorbidity that may independently affect testicular vascularity or hemodynamics.","65 Years",{"count":90,"type":21},[24],"This study aims to evaluate how blood flow inside the testicles changes after surgery to correct a varicocele, and whether these changes correlate with improvements in semen quality and testosterone levels.\n\nVaricocele is a common, treatable cause of male infertility that can negatively affect testicular function by altering blood flow and temperature. While surgery (varicocelectomy) often improves fertility, doctors are continually looking for ways to predict which patients will benefit the most from the procedure. This study uses scrotal color Doppler ultrasound to measure the Intratesticular Artery Resistive Index (RI), which is an indicator of blood flow resistance and microvascular health, before and after surgery.\n\nResearchers will recruit 40 infertile men with clinically palpable varicoceles. Participants will undergo a baseline evaluation that includes a physical exam, semen analysis, a blood test for total testosterone, and a specialized ultrasound to measure the RI under different physical conditions (lying down, standing, and during a Valsalva maneuver\u002Fbearing down).\n\nAll participants will then undergo a microscopic sub-inguinal varicocelectomy, which is the standard microsurgical treatment. Three months after the surgery, participants will return for follow-up testing to repeat the semen analysis, testosterone blood test, and ultrasound.\n\nThe main goal of the study is to determine if pre-operative RI measurements can serve as an early, reliable predictor of surgical success, specifically looking at the recovery of testicular function, sperm parameters, and hormonal levels.",[27,94,179],"Secondary Hypogonadism",[96,181,182,99,183,184,185],"Resistive Index","Intratesticular Artery","Testosterone","Color Doppler Ultrasonography","Microscopic Sub-inguinal Varicocelectomy","2026-04-02",{"date":188,"type":32},"2026-04-08",{"date":190,"type":21},"2026-05",{"date":192,"type":21},"2027-06",{"name":112,"class":39},{"id":195,"slug":196,"hasResults":11,"nctId":197,"briefTitle":198,"officialTitle":199,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":200,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":87,"maxAge":144,"enrollmentInfo":201,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":203,"phases":4,"briefSummary":204,"conditions":205,"keywords":206,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":210,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":211,"startDateStruct":213,"completionDateStruct":215,"leadSponsor":217,"locationsCount":4},"100613163","reflux-flow-volume-impact-on-semen-parameters-pre-and-post-varicocelectomy-100613163","NCT07263009","Reflux Flow Volume Impact on Semen Parameters Pre and Post Varicocelectomy","Impact of Reflux Flow Volume on Semen Parameters Pre and Post Varicocelectomy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with bilateral clinical varicocele confirmed by Scrotal Color Doppler Ultrasonography\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Unilateral varicocele.\n* Recurrent varicocele.\n* History of undescended testis, orchitis, testicular trauma, torsion or scrotal surgery.\n* Inguinal hernia, hydrocele or scrotal mass.\n* Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy or any other gonadotoxic agents.\n* Uncontrolled systemic illness.\n* Chromosomal or genetic anomalies.\n* Azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia (\\\u003C 5 million\u002Fml)",{"count":202,"type":21},100,"OBSERVATIONAL","Evaluation of the impact of reflux flow volume and other ultrasonographic diagnostic parameters of varicocele on semen parameters before and 3 months varicocelectomy",[27],[207,27,208,209],"Scrotal duplex","Semen parameters","Reflux flow volume","2025-12-01",{"date":212,"type":32},"2025-12-04",{"date":214,"type":21},"2025-12",{"date":216,"type":21},"2026-12",{"name":112,"class":39},{"id":219,"slug":220,"hasResults":11,"nctId":221,"briefTitle":222,"officialTitle":223,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":224,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":49,"maxAge":18,"enrollmentInfo":225,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":227,"briefSummary":228,"conditions":229,"keywords":230,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":233,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":234,"startDateStruct":236,"completionDateStruct":238,"leadSponsor":240,"locationsCount":40},"100597992","microscopic-varicocele-bypass-versus-ligation-100597992","NCT07065695","Microscopic Varicocele Bypass Versus Ligation","A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on the Safety and Effectiveness of Microscopic Varicocele Bypass Surgery Compared With Simple Ligation","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with varicocele and meet the surgical indications\n* Male patients aged between 18 and 60 years old\n* Patients have the willingness to receive treatment, voluntarily participate in this study and sign the informed consent form\n* Semen analysis reveals abnormalities associated with varicocele\n* The patient has no severe dysfunction of vital organs and can tolerate surgery\n* The patient has received no relevant treatment affecting varicocele or semen quality in the past three months\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Secondary varicocele\n* Complicated with other severe reproductive system diseases\n* Suffering from severe systemic diseases, which may affect the surgical effect or prognosis\n* Presence of coagulation dysfunction or taking medications that affect coagulation function\n* Having a history of allergy to the drugs used in the surgery\n* Having mental illness or cognitive impairment and being unable to cooperate to complete this study\n* Having already participated in other relevant clinical trials.",{"count":226,"type":21},284,[24],"This study, titled \"A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Microscopic Varicocele Transposition Surgery Compared with Simple Ligation,\" is conducted by the Urology and Andrology Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, with Dou Ke serving as the principal investigator. The research period spans from May 2025 to December 2027. It aims to compare the outcomes of microscopic varicocele transposition surgery and simple ligation in treating left varicocele through a prospective randomized controlled trial, focusing on postoperative recovery, complications, semen quality, and other aspects to provide evidence for clinical surgical selection.\n\nA total of 284 male patients will be enrolled, meeting criteria including clinical diagnosis of varicocele with surgical indications, aged 18-60 years, willing to participate and signing informed consent, abnormal semen analysis related to varicocele, no severe organ dysfunction, and no relevant treatments affecting the condition in the past three months. Exclusions include secondary varicocele, severe genitourinary or systemic diseases, coagulation disorders, drug allergies, mental\u002Fcognitive impairments, and participation in other related clinical trials. The experimental group will receive microscopic varicocele transposition surgery, while the control group will undergo microscopic simple ligation. Primary evaluation indicators include changes in spermatic vein diameter, reflux velocity, and duration assessed by color Doppler ultrasound at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery (with additional measurements of anastomotic vessel diameter and flow velocity in the experimental group), as well as pre- and post-surgery (3 and 6 months) semen routine parameters. Secondary indicators surgical success rate, postoperative complication rate, changes in reproductive hormone levels, pain relief evaluated by VAS scale, and quality of life improvements via specific assessment tools. Complying with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee, informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Study results will be disseminated through academic papers, conference presentations, clinical research reports, and patient-focused summaries to advance new treatment directions for varicocele and optimize clinical protocols.",[27],[27,231,232],"microscopic simple ligation","transposition surgery","2025-07-03",{"date":235,"type":32},"2025-07-15",{"date":237,"type":21},"2025-07-22",{"date":239,"type":21},"2027-12-31",{"name":241,"class":39},"Ke Dou",{"id":243,"slug":244,"hasResults":11,"nctId":245,"briefTitle":246,"officialTitle":247,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":248,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":49,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":249,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":22,"phases":251,"briefSummary":252,"conditions":253,"keywords":254,"overallStatus":28,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":259,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":260,"startDateStruct":262,"completionDateStruct":264,"leadSponsor":266,"locationsCount":40},"100571297","evaluation-of-fertitonex-effects-on-semen-parameters-in-clinical-varicocele-patient-100571297","NCT06718426","Evaluation of Fertitonex Effects on Semen Parameters in Clinical Varicocele Patient.","Evaluation of Fertitonex Effects on Semen Parameters in Clinical Varicocele Patient, Placebo Controlled Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Primary infertility.\n* Abnormal semen analysis parameters.\n* Clinically evident varicocele confirmed by scrotal duplex.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* 2ry infertility.\n* Normal semen analysis parameters.\n* Clinically non-evident varicocele.\n* Past history of varicocelectomy.",{"count":250,"type":21},110,[24],"The aim of the study is to evaluate the Fertitonex effects on semen parameters in clinical varicocele patients.",[27],[255,256,257,258],"varicocele","Fertitonex","infertility","semen analysis","2025-03-23",{"date":261,"type":32},"2025-03-26",{"date":263,"type":32},"2024-12-01",{"date":265,"type":21},"2026-02-01",{"name":267,"class":39},"Menoufia University",{"id":269,"slug":270,"hasResults":11,"nctId":271,"briefTitle":272,"officialTitle":272,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":273,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":48,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":274,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":203,"phases":4,"briefSummary":276,"conditions":277,"keywords":278,"overallStatus":69,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":281,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":282,"startDateStruct":284,"completionDateStruct":286,"leadSponsor":288,"locationsCount":4},"100573257","a-prospective-cohort-study-of-combined-subinguinal-varicocele-ligation-and-sclerotherapy-100573257","NCT06743932","A Prospective Cohort Study of Combined Subinguinal Varicocele Ligation and Sclerotherapy","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1- Clinically and Doppler confirmed grades II or III varicocele. 2- All left, right or bilateral side varicocele. 3- Testicular pain or testicular atrophy. 4- Presence of at least one impaired semen parameter. 5- Age more than 18years\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* 1- Pre-existing hydrocele. 2- Concomitant hernia 3- Previous inguinal surgery",{"count":275,"type":21},22,"Traditional surgical ligation of the spermatic cord veins is effective in reducing the size of the varicocele and improving fertility outcomes. However, this procedure can be associated with complications such as hydrocele formation and recurrence . Antegrade sclerotherapy offers a minimally invasive alternative, involving the injection of a sclerosing agent directly into the dilated veins to achieve occlusion and reduce reflux .\n\nThis study aims to optimize treatment outcomes for varicocele by combining the benefits of surgical ligation with the sclerosing effects of sclerotherapy .The primary goal is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining antegrade sclerotherapy and surgical ligation in the treatment of varicocele .",[27],[279,280],"Ligation","Sclerotherapy","2024-12-17",{"date":283,"type":32},"2024-12-20",{"date":285,"type":21},"2025-01-01",{"date":287,"type":21},"2026-03-01",{"name":112,"class":39}]