The goal of this clinical trial is to develop a comprehensive Training Program intervention for social media addiction called the 4-STEP-Training Program for Social Media Addiction (4-STEP-TPS) and to learn if the 4-STEP-TPS will address and help manage the problems related to social media addiction. Other key objectives include the management of dysfunctional patterns, the promotion of positive patterns and healthy lifestyle, and the promotion of daily life activities and productivity.
Young Adult participants will take the 4-week 4-STEP-TPS Program with 1 weekly session in either individual or group settings or be placed on a waitlist control.
Age range: 18-30 years
No physical, psychiatric, or psychological conditions
Minimum score of 84 on the Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS)
Minimum score of 60 on the Secure Flourish Index (SFI)
Age below 18 or above 30 years
Presence of any physical, psychiatric, or psychological conditions
Score below 84 on the Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS)
Score below 60 on the Secure Flourish Index (SFI)
Parallel
4-STEP-Training Program for Social Media Addiction (4-STEP-TPS)
Behavioral4 Modules with 1 Module being delivered in 1 weekly session of approximately 90 minutes. The details of each module/step is described as follows: Step 1 (Module 1): S = Screening, Assessment and Psychoeducation: Involves screening and assessment of the problem, interpretation of the results, feedback and psychoeducation, identifying and breaking the resistance, motivation, and conceptualization. Step 2 (Module 2): T = Treatment Conceptualization and Planning: Involves pattern identification, distortion identification, as well as pattern and distortions modifications. Step 3 (Module 3): E = Effective Management Strategies: Involves management strategies to treat the earlier identified patterns as well as the implementation and confirmation of activities via a Pattern Schedule Chart. Step 4 (Module 4): P = Prevention (Lapse-Relapse): Involves self-reflection and support building, monitoring and dependency check and slip plans and support additions
Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS)
The Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS) was developed to measure addiction of all forms of social networking across six-dimensions salience (items 1-4), mood modification (items 5-7), tolerance (items 8-10), withdrawal (items 11-14), conflict (item 15-17), and relapse (items 18-21) (Shahnawaz \& Rehman, 2020). The SNAS is a self-reported scale which entails 21-items scale rated on 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The score can range from 21 to 147. Any score above a total score of 84 signifies addiction. The scale has demonstrated good test-retest reliability of 0.88 and good validity as reported by Shahnawaz and Rehman (2020).
Secure Flourish Index (SFI)
The Secure Flourish Index (SFI) was developed to measure long-term flourishing across 6 domains happiness and life satisfaction (items 1-2), physical and mental health (items 3-4), meaning and purpose (items 5-6), character and virtue (items 7-8), close social relationships (items 9-10), and financial and material stability (items 11-12) (Weziak-Bialowolska et al., 2017). It is a self-report scale with 2 items for each of the 6 domains, totaling to 12 items rated on a scale of 0-10. Total scores range from 0 to 120 with higher scores indicating greater flourishing. It has an internal consistency of 0.85 and good construct validity (Weziak-Bialowolska et al., 2017).
Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs)
The Fear of Missing out Scale (FoMOs) was developed to measure FoMO (Przybylski et al., 2013). It is a self-report questionnaire of 10-items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all true of me) to 5 (extremely true of me). The total scores of the scale range between 10 and 50, where higher scores indicate a higher level of fear of missing out. The scale has been shown to exhibit strong internal consistency of 0.87 to 0.90 and good validity (Przybylski et al., 2013).
Pubbing Scale (PS)
The Phubbing Scale was developed to measure the phubbing behaviors (Karadağ et al., 2015). The scale contains 10 items, rated from 1 (never) to 5 (always) in a 5-point Likert scale, the following 2 factors were found: (i) Factor 1 (1-5 items; α = .87) and (ii) Factor 2 (6-10 items; α = .85). The content of these factors can be summarized as follows: (i) Communication disturbance: Higher scores indicate that participants often disturb their existing communications by dealing with their mobile phones in a face-to-face communication environment. (ii) Phone obsession: Higher scores indicate that participants constantly need their mobile phone in environments lacking face-to-face communication.
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