The purpose of this clinical trial is to observe the improvements in clinical symptoms and imaging outcomes for brainstem hemorrhage using robot-assisted stereotactic puncture, evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this treatment, and explore the development of a high-precision, intelligent, and individualized microsurgical diagnosis and treatment process for brainstem hemorrhage. The main questions it aims to address are:
* Establish a multi-center clinical database for brainstem hemorrhage. * Clinically observe and evaluate the intervention effects of robot-assisted stereotactic puncture on brainstem hemorrhage, compare it with the traditional conservative treatment control group, and investigate its efficacy and impact on patient survival, motor evoked potentials, and the degree of neurological deficits. * Optimize the Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm-based robotic surgical assistance system, and explore the prediction of preoperative brainstem hematoma stability and hematoma path planning.
Participants in the experimental group will:
* Undergo robot-assisted stereotactic minimally invasive surgery for brainstem hematoma puncture * Receive conservative non-surgical treatment.
If there is a control group: the researchers will compare the conservative non-surgical treatment group to evaluate the effectiveness of robot-assisted stereotactic minimally invasive surgery for brainstem hematoma puncture.
Age ≥18 years at randomization；
Diagnosed with brainstem hemorrhage via imaging (CT, CTA, etc.)；
Hematoma volume ≥3 mL；
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3-12；
None
Parallel
Robot-assisted minimally invasive puncture and aspiration surgery
Procedure/SurgeryPositioning and surgical operation will be performed according to the robot navigation system protocols. Preoperative imaging data will be used for precise surgical planning, including the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) preoperative visualization model. The 3D reconstruction and CT data will be imported into the AI robot-assisted stereotactic system, which, after mapping to the patient's skull, automatically designs the surgical target, calculates coordinate values, plans the puncture trajectory, and determines the cranial entry point. Different surgical approaches will be selected based on the location and shape of the hematoma, and individualized parameters, including puncture direction and trajectory length, will be generated for each patient. During the procedure, the robot will assist with stereotactic puncture, while the patient's heart rate and blood pressure are closely monitored.
Standard medical management
Other interventionAccording to the "Chinese Neurosurgical Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage", conventional medical treatment includes oxygen therapy, specialized nursing care, blood pressure control (maintaining BP at ≤140/90 mmHg), sedation, intracranial pressure reduction, arousal promotion, gastric protection, maintenance of internal homeostasis, infection prevention, neuro-nutrition, brain function support, nutritional support, and overall systemic management; For comatose patients, ensure a patent airway, provide nebulization and sputum clearance, prevent respiratory depression, and improve respiratory function. Closely monitor the patient's condition and provide active symptomatic treatment as needed. Regular cranial CT scans are performed to evaluate intracranial status, and in cases of ventricular hemorrhage or obstructive hydrocephalus, lateral ventricular puncture and drainage may be performed.
Survival rate
60 days survival rate after follow-up
Ordinal shift in mRS scores at 60 days and 6 months
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a standardized tool used to assess the neurological recovery status of stroke patients. The scale is divided into seven levels, ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate more severe patient conditions.
Favorable functional outcome at 60 days and 6 months (mRS 0-1)
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a standardized tool used to assess the neurological recovery status of stroke patients. The scale is divided into seven levels, ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate more severe patient conditions.
Functional independence at 60 days and 6 months (mRS 0-2)
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a standardized tool used to assess the neurological recovery status of stroke patients. The scale is divided into seven levels, ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate more severe patient conditions.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 60 days and 6 months, assessed by the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 60 days and 6 months, assessed by the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire
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Yanbing Yu
Lead sponsor
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
Sponsor institution
