This multicenter study aims to establish the normal reference range of the Right Atrioventricular Coupling Index (RACI) in healthy Chinese adults using AI-based 3DE technology. It will also analyze the correlation between RACI and physiological parameters such as age, gender, and body surface area. Additionally, the study will explore the variation characteristics of RACI in patients with pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, and atrial septal defect, and evaluate the clinical value of RACI in disease diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and risk stratification.
Of Han Chinese ethnicity
Aged 18-79 years
Normal blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg)
Normal fasting blood glucose
Clinically significant cardiac valve regurgitation (≥ mild severity)
Respiratory diseases: acute or chronic respiratory disorders
Endocrine diseases: thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, etc.
Abnormal liver function (alanine transaminase > 2× upper limit of normal), abnormal renal function (elevated creatinine beyond normal range), or dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein)
This study enrolls 5 groups (18-79 years) from clinics/community: Healthy Adults: Han Chinese with normal cardiovascular function (vitals, labs, ECG, echo; no structural heart disease/systemic diseases/poor ultrasound). Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosed via right heart catheter (mPAP ≥20 mmHg, 2022 ESC/ERS); excluded if with left heart disease, interfering conditions, organ dysfunction, malignancy, or prior pulmonary surgery. Heart Failure: Meets 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA criteria; excluded if with significant valvular disease. Tricuspid Regurgitation: Echo-confirmed moderate/severe regurgitation; excluded if with interfering pericardial/arrhythmic issues or congenital heart disease/residual lesions. Atrial Septal Defect: Echo/TEE-confirmed secundum defect (untreated or stable ≥3mo post-op); excluded if with complex congenital heart disease. All undergo standardized clinical/echo assessments for cardiac structure/function.
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Right Atrioventricular Coupling Index (RACI)
RACI links the volumes of the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV), with the degree of their volume matching reflecting their synergistic functional status during hemodynamic regulation
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