This project conducts a prospective cohort study. By using multiple questionnaire survey methods such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) electronic wristband, QOR15, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), European Five-Dimensional Health Scale (EQ-5D), Revised American Pain Society Patient Follow-up Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), as well as perioperative stress and related indicators, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) endocrine indicators, sublingual microcirculation, electroencephalogram, etc., comprehensive assessment is made of the correlations between the two different anesthesia methods of Tubeless retention of spontaneous breathing and double-lumen bronchial intubation and postoperative sleep, chronic pain and cognitive function, to construct a perioperative brain health safety system to improve prognosis; at the same time, optimize the perioperative sedation and analgesia plan and promote the postoperative brain health recovery of patients.
Patient age: 18 - 75 years old
Patients meeting the standards of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III grade and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) I-II class
Body Mass Index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2
Intraoperative blood loss less than 300 ml
Already diagnosed with a mental disorder or had a preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of less than 27
History of opioid abuse
Patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery
Have severe cardiovascular, respiratory diseases