The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which a single session of light to moderate intensity exercise performed within 30 minutes after receiving either the initial dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may modify the immune response to vaccination, and identify potential underlying mechanisms using gene expression and metabolite analysis. A secondary goal is to establish whether psychosocial factors are associated with immune response to vaccination. Participants will be randomized to either a 90-minute light to moderate intensity exercise session or daily routine as usual (no exercise) after receiving their initial COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. If assigned to exercise, the exercise will begin within 30 minutes after receiving the vaccine and will consist of a brisk walk and/or jog supervised by study personnel. Blood will be collected from participants prior the initial dose, two weeks after the initial dose, one week after the second dose if the individual receive the two-dose vaccine regiment or one month after the initial dose if the individual receives a one-dose vaccine regimen, and three, six, and 12 months following the initial dose. . Side effects will be measured for three days post-vaccination. Antibody and cell-mediated immune response to the vaccine will be measured in blood samples. Gene expression profiles will be analyzed by single cell RNA sequencing. Serum metabolites will be assessed to align with immune measures. Participants will be asked to complete surveys to measure physical activity history, psychosocial stress, resilience, and depression. The hypotheses of this study are: 1) a single session of exercise which take place shortly after receiving either the initial dose or the booster dose of COVID-19 will increase antibody and T cell response to the vaccine and will be associated with differentially expressed genes and an altered metabolite profile, and 2) higher levels of reported stress, and lower levels of resilience will be associated with a reduced antibody and T cell response to the vaccine.
Able to donate a small amount of blood,
Planning to receive an initial mRNA Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 vaccine,
Between 18-64 years of age,
Regularly participate in some form of exercise two or more times per week, including at least one session equal to or greater than 50 minutes exercise sessions or walk three or more times per week with at least one session equal to or greater than 50 minutes.
Currently pregnant
Weigh less than 110 pounds.
Presence of any conditions that could significantly impact the ability to exercise safely, or unable to receive the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Taking medication that significantly impact immune response or the presence of an immune disorder.
Parallel
Exercise
Behavioral90 minute exercise session
Change in Serum antibody
Change in the total serum anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Change in T cell response
Antigen-specific T cell immunity
Change in Gene expression profile
Differentially expressed genes between treatment groups
Change in Metabolites
Metabolite profiles in serum samples will be assessed
Potential role of psychosocial factors and change in immune response
The potential impact of psychosocial factors (stress, resilience) on antibody and T cell response will be evaluated
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