AI-based Customized tDCS for Finger Motor Recovery After Subacute Stroke

Fugl-Meyer Function Test

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a validated clinical scale used to evaluate sensorimotor recovery in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia based on Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery. Each item is scored on a 3-point scale (0 = cannot perform, 1 = performs partially, 2 = performs fully). In this study, the upper-extremity FMA will be used. The assessment includes items evaluating the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand (fingers), coordination/speed, sensation, passive joint motion, and joint pain during passive movement, with a total score ranging from 0 to 126 points.

Fugl-Meyer Function Test

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a validated clinical scale used to evaluate sensorimotor recovery in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia based on Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery. Each item is scored on a 3-point scale (0 = cannot perform, 1 = performs partially, 2 = performs fully). In this study, the upper-extremity FMA will be used. The assessment includes items evaluating the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand (fingers), coordination/speed, sensation, passive joint motion, and joint pain during passive movement, with a total score ranging from 0 to 126 points. Additional analyses will include comparisons between dominant and non-dominant hands.

Wolf Motor Function Test

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is a validated assessment used to evaluate upper-extremity motor function in individuals with mild to moderate impairment following stroke or traumatic brain injury. The test is based on direct observation of the participant's performance. The assessment consists of 19 tasks evaluating upper-extremity function. For items 1-15, performance time and functional ability are measured. Functional ability is rated on a 6-point scale from 0 (does not attempt the task) to 5 (normal performance), and task completion time is recorded with a maximum limit of 120 seconds per task. Two additional items assess upper-extremity strength and grip strength. Additional analyses will include comparisons between dominant and non-dominant hands.

Box and Blocks Test

The Box and Blocks Test (BBT) is a standardized assessment used to evaluate upper-extremity gross manual dexterity and coordination. During the test, participants move wooden blocks one at a time from one compartment of a box to another over a partition using one hand. The test is performed for 1 minute for each hand. The total number of blocks successfully transferred within the time limit is recorded as the score. If more than one block is moved at the same time, the additional blocks are not counted. Additional analyses will include comparisons between dominant and non-dominant hands.

Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI)

The Modified Barthel Index (MBI) is a standardized assessment used to evaluate activities of daily living (ADL). The scale consists of 10 items assessing functional independence, including personal hygiene, bathing, feeding, toileting, stair climbing, dressing, bowel control, bladder control, ambulation (or wheelchair use), and transfers between a bed and chair. Each item is scored according to the level of assistance required, with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Lower scores indicate greater dependence in daily activities, while scores between 91 and 99 indicate minimal dependence. The MBI is widely used due to its reliability, sensitivity, and practicality for evaluating functional recovery and mobility in rehabilitation. Additional analyses will include comparisons between dominant and non-dominant hands.