This experimental pre-post intervention study aims to evaluate the effect of a respiratory physiotherapy and combined strength and cardiovascular training program on muscle oxygen saturation and functional capacity in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Oxygenation of the intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles will be assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during standard physical performance tests (6-Minute Walk Test and 30-Second Chair Stand Test). Additional functional parameters and quality of life will be recorded pre- and post-intervention. The results will contribute to optimizing rehabilitation programs and monitoring intensity and progress through muscle oxygenation data.
Age ≥18 years
Clinical diagnosis of COPD
Medically cleared for physical exercise
Decompensated heart failure or exercise-limiting comorbidities
Cognitive impairment or legal incapacity to consent
Inability to perform physical tasks
Single group
Combined respiratory physiotherapy and cardiovascular-strength training program
Behavioral20-session supervised hospital-based program including respiratory physiotherapy, aerobic training (guided by Borg scale and HR monitoring), and strength training using progressive loads (based on 1RM). Duration: 4 weeks (5 sessions/week).
Change in muscle oxygen saturation (%)
Measured in intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles using NIRS (Moxy Monitor) during 6MWT and 30CST, before and after the 4-week intervention.
Distance covered in 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Number of repetitions in the 30-Second Chair Stand Test
Perceived dyspnea and lower limb fatigue (Borg Scale)
Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax and Pemax)
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