Applied Implementation Research for Clean Cooking in Cambodia

Induction cookstove purchase: Proportion of households that purchase an induction stove

Purchase will be defined as the acquisition of an induction stove during the trial period, as reported in household surveys and verified through study-linked sales records matched to household study IDs. The outcome will be calculated as the number of participating households with a confirmed induction stove acquired divided by the total number of households in each village. Results will be reported overall and stratified by household poverty status, verified by the Cambodian Government (IDPoor status).

Disuse of biomass fuels: Proportion of meals cooked without biomass fuels

Disuse will be defined as the reduction in biomass fuel use for cooking, measured as the proportion of meals cooked without biomass fuels (e.g., firewood and charcoal) during a defined recent reference period, as reported in household surveys. Results will be reported overall and stratified by household poverty status.

Induction stove use: Daily electricity consumption of cooking events

Daily electricity consumption (kWh) associated with induction cookstove use, measured using built-in, cloud-connected data loggers that record energy use during cooking events among households that purchase an induction cookstove and consent to monitoring. Results will be summarized at the household and village level and stratified by household poverty status.

Induction cookstove use: Number of daily cooking events

Number of daily cooking events measured using built-in, cloud-connected data loggers installed on induction cookstoves. Cooking events will be derived from time-stamped stove activity among households that purchase an induction cookstove and consent to monitoring. Results will be summarized at the household and village level and stratified by household poverty status.

Induction cookstove use: Duration of daily cooking

Total duration of induction cookstove use per day, measured using built-in, cloud-connected data loggers based on time-stamped stove activity among households that purchase an induction cookstove and consent to monitoring. Results will be summarized at the household and village level and stratified by household poverty status.

Clean stove stacking patterns: Proportion of monitored days with no biomass stove use

Stove stacking will be defined as the concurrent use of multiple cooking technologies within a household, including biomass (e.g., firewood and charcoal), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and induction stoves. Stove use will be measured using thermocouple-based temperature loggers (Geocene Dots) installed on non-induction stoves. These devices record stove temperatures continuously and transmit data via Bluetooth to mobile devices, which sync to a central server. The outcome will be calculated as the proportion of monitored days with no biomass stove use and summarized at the household and village level, with results stratified by household poverty status.

Reach: Number and proportion of households reached by implementation strategies

Reach will be defined as the extent to which households are exposed to implementation strategies. This will be measured as the proportion and characteristics of participating households reporting exposure to at least one implementation strategy, complemented by the number of individuals reached in each village based on program records of participation or contact by activity type. Results will be summarized across households and villages and stratified by household poverty status

Organizational adoption of implementation strategies

Organizational adoption will be defined as the uptake and delivery of assigned implementation strategies by implementing organizations and delivery actors, including initiation and extent of delivery across planned components. Data will be collected through a combination of program implementation records documenting organizational participation and strategy delivery, and key informant interviews with representatives from each organization. Qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed together to generate a comprehensive view of organizational adoption.

Implementation fidelity (including adaptations)

Implementation fidelity will be defined as the extent to which core components and intended sequencing of implementation strategies are delivered as planned, including systematic documentation of adaptations (type, timing, and rationale), distinguishing planned adaptations from reactive modifications. Data will be collected through a combination of structured implementer surveys, routine process evaluation tools, and key informant interviews with delivery actors. Qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed together to generate a comprehensive view of implementation fidelity.

Implementation dose (quantity and quality of delivery)

Implementation dose will be defined as the quantity and quality of delivery of implementation strategies, including frequency, number, and duration of contacts (dose quantity), as well as the scope of content delivered and level of engagement (dose quality). Data will be collected through a combination of structured implementer surveys, routine process evaluation tools, and key informant interviews with delivery actors. Qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed together to generate a comprehensive view of the implementation dose.