People with MS (PwMS) are at increased risk of leaving work earlier than expected. Psychological factors that affect PwMS may make it more difficult to manage staying in work. These can include psychological flexibility and self efficacy. Psychological flexibility is the ability to effectively manage unwanted inner experiences (e.g., thoughts, memories, bodily sensations) in the present. Self-efficacy is the self-belief that an individual has in their ability to succeed.
Participants capable of giving informed consent
Age 18 years or above
Currently in paid employment with an intention to remain in employment for at least 6 months
Phase 2: A registered healthcare professional or allied health professional who works in direct contact with patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis OR
Individuals lacking capacity to give informed consent
Individuals intending to leave paid employment within the next 6 months
Individuals who will not have access to a device used to access the internet (e.g.
Single group
READY for MS UK digital programme
Other interventionOnline self-directed programme supported by HCPs
Multiple Sclerosis Work Instability Scale (MS-WIS)
A 22-item psychometric validated self-report scale to measure work instability in multiple sclerosis. Work instability refers to any mismatch between job demands and an individual's functional (in)capacity and the extent to which this increases risk of job loss. Scores range from 0-22 and work instability is scored in bands of low risk (0-10), medium risk (11-16) and high risk (17-22).
Psychological Flexibility -Multi-dimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)
a 60-item psychometric validated self-report scale to assess the key dimensions of flexibility and inflexibility from the Hexaflex model. For each sub-scale, items are scored 1-6 and then an average taken across the items of the sub-scale so that higher scores reflect higher levels of the dimension being assessed by each set of items. For the flexibility sub-scales, a higher score would indicate greater flexibility (better outcome) and for inflexibility sub-scales, higher scores indicate greater inflexibility (worse outcome).
Resilience Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10)
A 10-item unidimensional psychometric validated self-report scale to measure resilience. Scores range 0-40 with a higher score indicating greater resilience (better outcome).
Self-efficacy -Unidimensional Self-efficacy scale for Multiple Sclerosis (USE-MS)
a 12-item psychometric validated self-report scale to measure self-efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis. Scores range 0-36 with a higher score indicating higher self-efficacy (better outcome).
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