This is a single-visit study consisting of parent-child dyads attending a 2-hour session. The purpose of this research is to use the eating in absence of hunger (EAH) paradigm, to evaluate the association between parental EAH, food parenting, appetitive traits, and children EAH. It is hypothesized that both the parental EAH and the controlling food parenting will have a significant positive association with the children EAH. The results from this study will help us understand how food parenting, appetitive traits, and parental EAH influences the children EAH.
Age > 18 years old.
Have a child between the ages of 5 - 11.
Must be responsible for feeding their eligible child at least 50% of the time.
Willing and able to eat the meal and snacks provided.
Age is >18 years old.
Their child is determined ineligible (based on age).
Is responsible for feeding their eligible child < 50% of the time.
Not fluent in English.
Single group
Eating in Absence of Hunger (EAH) paradigm
BehavioralParticipating dyads will be asked to eat until full at a standardized meal while being video and audio recorded. Dyads will then be separated and undergo a "taste test". This taste test introduces the EAH paradigm, whereas participants will be presented with 8 different highly palatable snack foods and seated activities. They are given 15 minutes of free time to eat and/or engage in these activities. They will be left alone during this time and are informed to not use electronic devices. Their Eating in Absence of Hunger energy intake will be measured by weighing the remaining snack foods. Multiple hunger, thirst, and liking forms throughout the paradigm. The nature of the EAH paradigm is not disclosed until the end of the session, where there is a formal debriefing.
Correlation between parent EAH intake and child EAH intake
Parent EAH intake will be measured by weighing the amount of snacks (in kcal) consumed at the parent EAH paradigm (0kcal to 2400kcal). Child EAH intake will be measured by weighing the amount of snacks (in kcal) consumed at the child EAH paradigm (0kcal to 2400kcal). Correlation will be assessed by comparing the parent EAH intake (kcal) and child EAH intake (kcal). If both parent EAH intake (kcal) and child EAH intake (kcal) are high/low, there exists a positive correlation between them. On the other hand, if parent EAH intake (kcal) is high and child EAH intake (kcal) is low or vice versa, there exists a negative correlation between them.
Correlation between the parental pressure to eat score and child EAH intake
Child EAH intake will be measured as the amount of snacks consumed during the EAH paradigm (0-2,400 kcal). Parental pressure to eat score will be assessed using the Pressure to Eat subscale of the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) Questionnaire, with scores ranging from 1-5. Lower scores indicate less parental pressure to eat, while higher scores indicate greater parental pressure to eat. The correlation between child EAH intake and parental pressure to eat score will be assessed. A positive correlation indicates that higher parental pressure to eat score is associated with higher EAH intake, whereas a negative correlation indicates that higher parental pressure to eat score is associated with lower EAH intake.
Correlation between the parental restriction score and child EAH intake
Child EAH intake will be measured as the amount of snacks consumed during the EAH paradigm (0-2,400 kcal). Parental restriction score will be assessed using the restriction subscale of the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) Questionnaire, with scores ranging from 1-5. Lower scores indicate less parental restriction, while higher scores indicate greater parental restriction. The correlation between child EAH intake and parental restriction score will be assessed. A positive correlation indicates that higher parental restriction score is associated with higher EAH intake, whereas a negative correlation indicates that higher parental restricton score is associated with lower EAH intake.
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