About this trial
This study will be a pilot randomized controlled trial, to investigate the effectiveness of an external focus training on visuomotor performance while comparing with an active control group.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
aged 65 or above
able to walk independently indoor for at least 40 metres
static visual acuity score 20/40 or above
scoring 22/30 or above in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hong Kong version
Disqualifiers
none
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Attentional focus
BehavioralEvery training session will include the following activities for both groups: a 5-minute warm-up; a 30-minute walking training; and a 5-minute cool-down. The walking training will be conducted within a level-ground walking field. Participants will be instructed to look at and step on specific markers/labels that will be attached along the walking paths.
Control
BehavioralEvery training session will include the following activities for both groups: a 5-minute warm-up; a 30-minute walking training; and a 5-minute cool-down. The walking training will be conducted within a level-ground walking field. No markers/labels will be attached and no relevant instructions will be provided apart from the general instruction.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Gait stability - variability of stride time
measured by a 3-D motion capture system; stride time is defined as the interval between two consecutive heel strikes of the same foot; the variability measure is represented by the coefficients of variation (CV) \[(standard deviation/mean) × 100\]
Gait stability - variability of stride length
measured by a 3-D motion capture system; stride length is defined as anterior-posterior (A-P) distance between two consecutive heel strike positions of the same foot; the variability measure is represented by the coefficients of variation (CV) \[(standard deviation/mean) × 100\]
Gait stability - variability of step width
measured by a 3-D motion capture system; step width is defined as medial-lateral (M-L) distance between two consecutive heel strike positions of the opposite feet; the variability measure is represented by the coefficients of variation (CV) \[(standard deviation/mean) × 100\]
Visual search behaviours - location of fixation
measured by a wireless eye tracker; recorded the location that the gaze is fixated on
Secondary outcomes
Functional balance and gait
measured by the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool; min: 0; max: 28; higher scores reflect better functional balance and gait
Falls efficacy
measured by the Chinese version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International; min: 16; max: 64; higher scores reflect greater concern about falling
Conscious movement processing
measured by the Chinese version of the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale; min: 10, max: 60; higher scores reflect higher propensity for conscious movement processing
Functional balance
measured by the Berg Balance Scale; min: 0; max: 56; higher scores reflect better functional balance
Locations
Sponsors and contacts
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