The present research project aims to assess, through a survey, awareness of general and sex/gender-specific cardiovascular risk factors, as well as the perception of the risk of developing further cardiovascular diseases, among patients in secondary prevention.
Male or female participants aged ≥ 18 years at the time of signing informed consent.
Ischemic heart disease (e.g., documented myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, or ≥50% coronary stenosis in at least two coronary territories);
Cerebrovascular disease (e.g., documented ischemic stroke; transient ischemic attack, primary intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage are not qualifying conditions; carotid stenting or endarterectomy);
Peripheral arterial disease (e.g., peripheral arterial intervention, stent placement, surgical revascularization, lower limb amputation due to obstructive disease, or intermittent claudication with ABI <0.90 in the past 12 months);
Inability or difficulty in completing the questionnaires in Italian and/or functional illiteracy.
History of or current severe psychiatric disorder that could compromise the reliability of questionnaire responses.
Refusal or withdrawal of informed consent.
The study involves the recruitment of adult patients attending the cardiology outpatient clinics of the participating centers who meet the inclusion criteria. Participation will be voluntary and contingent upon the signing of informed consent. Patients will complete the questionnaire in a self-administered format, either on paper or digitally via their own device (smartphone or tablet), according to their preference.
Cohort
Cross-sectional
No intervention
Other interventionThere is not an intervention
Awareness of cardiovascular risk factors
Mean cardiovascular risk factor knowledge score, defined as the total number of correctly identified cardiovascular risk factors.
Self-reported risk perception of CVD
Defined as percentage of categorical variables (low, medium, high)
Self-reported comparative risk perception
Individual subjective evaluation of their own risk relative to a reference group (individuals of the same age and of the same or opposite biological sex), measured as a categorical variable (lower/equal/higher/unknown) (Self-reported comparative risk perception).
Differences among females and males in self-assessed risk perception
Difference in mean cardiovascular risk factor knowledge score between females and males . Distribution of self-perceived cardiovascular risk level (low/medium/high) according to biological sex. (self-assessed risk perception)
Differences among females and males in self-reported comparative risk perception
Differences among females and males in Individual subjective evaluation of their own risk relative to a reference group (individuals of the same age and of the same or opposite biological sex), measured as a categorical variable (lower/equal/higher/unknown) (Self-reported comparative risk perception).
Comparisons between responders in primary and secondary prevention
Differences in data on awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and perception of cardiovascular risk among women with findings from previous studies conducted in primary prevention.
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