This study will compare the effects of an 8-week balance-focused exercise program and traditional physical education on static and dynamic balance performance in high school students.
14-18 years of age.
Enrolled in the 9th, 10th, or 11th grade at İskele Türk Maarif Koleji.
Able to participate in physical education classes.
No known health condition that prevents participation in physical activity.
Lower-extremity injury within the previous 6 months.
Neurological or vestibular disease that may affect balance performance.
Known balance disorder.
Orthopedic condition causing movement limitation.
Parallel
Balance-Focused Exercise Program
BehavioralAn 8-week structured balance exercise program conducted twice weekly for approximately 40 minutes per session. Each session will include a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of balance-focused exercises, and a 5-minute cool-down. Exercises will target static and dynamic balance, single-leg postural control, weight transfer, change-of-direction movements, jump and landing control, proprioceptive control, and reactive balance. Exercise difficulty will progressively increase throughout the intervention.
Traditional Physical Education
BehavioralAn 8-week traditional physical education program conducted twice weekly for approximately 40 minutes per session. Each session will include a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of traditional physical education activities, and a 5-minute cool-down. Activities will include running and warm-up games, team sports such as football and basketball, basic strength exercises, and flexibility activities. No additional structured balance training program will be provided.
Single-Leg Stance Test performance
The best time maintained during the Single-Leg Stance Test on the dominant and non-dominant legs, measured in seconds. Higher values indicate better static balance performance.
Stork Test performance
The best time maintained during the Stork Test on the dominant and non-dominant legs, measured in seconds. Higher values indicate better static balance performance.
Y-Balance Test performance
The best reach distance in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on the dominant and non-dominant legs, measured in centimeters. Higher reach distances indicate better dynamic balance performance.
5+5 Change-of-Direction Test performance
The best completion time for the 5+5 Change-of-Direction Test using the dominant and non-dominant legs for the 180-degree change of direction, measured in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better change-of-direction performance.
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