BIOANCIENT: Cohort of Centenarians in Navarra (1926-1927)

Integrated biological aging profile based on clinical and multi-omics biomarkers.

Clinical, funtional and molecular characterization of centenarian individuals using multi-omics biomarkers

Cognitive Function assessed with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)

Cognitive Function assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a 30-point tool designed to assess global cognitive function and screen for cognitive impairment, particularly in older adults. It evaluates several core areas of cognitive functioning, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance, i.e. 30 (best) and 0 (worst). The 11 tasks in the MMSE are generally categorized into the following areas of cognitive functioning: Orientation (10 points), Registration (3 points), Attention and Calculation (5 points); Recall (3 points): .Language and Praxis (9 points).

Functional status measured with Barthel Index

Barthel Index of independence during activities of daily living (ADLs) ranges from 0 (severe functional dependence) to 100 (functional independence).

Physical function assessed by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

Physical Function: Assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which combines balance, gait velocity, and leg strength as a single score on a 0 (worst) to 12 (best scale).

Frailty assessed by Fried Frailty Phenotype

The Fried Frailty Phenotype is a widely used clinical tool that defines frailty as a distinct syndrome in older adults, based on five key physical markers: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity, weak grip strength, and slow walking speed. It identifies individuals as frail if they meet 3 or more criteria, and pre-frail if they meet 1-2. Namely, 0 (best) and 5 (worst).

Baseline Demographics and Socio-Environmental Profile

Collection of baseline characteristics prior to the appointment, structured into 4 areas: Core Demographics: Date of birth, age (years), biological sex, gender identity, and marital status. Socio-Educational \& Occupational History: Educational level, age of completion, lifelong occupation, retirement year, and family longevity (parents/siblings age of death). Geographic \& Living Environment: Birthplace, lifelong/current residence, housing type (single/multi-family/nursing home), and environment (rural/urban). Social Support \& Neighborhood Accessibility: Household composition (alone, partner, relatives, external caregivers), family structure (children, grandchildren), primary caregiver, and external networks. Walking accessibility to health, basic needs, social services, and transport is evaluated (Yes/No). Data reported as descriptive baseline statistics: continuous variables as means/medians, and categorical items as counts/percentages.

Lifestyle Factors

Lifestyle factors assessed through structured questionnaires, including dietary habits (e.g., frequency of food group consumption), physical activity (e.g., frequency, duration, and intensity of activity), and social engagement (e.g., participation in social activities and social support). Higher levels of physical activity and social engagement and healthier dietary patterns indicate more favorable lifestyle profiles.

Other Geriatric Syndromes and Health Dimensions

A multidimensional clinical assessment of secondary geriatric syndromes evaluating seven core domains: 1) Sleep Quality \& Restfulness (subjective quality \[Good/Fair/Poor\] and feeling rested \[Yes/No\]); 2) Insomnia Profile (presence, onset latency, and frequent awakenings \[Yes/No\]); 3) Hearing Status (subjective impairment, hearing aid use, and persistent deficit \[Yes/No\]); 4) Objective Hearing (Whisper Test) (number of words correctly repeated out of 4 at 0.6 meters for each ear \[Score 0-4\]); 5) Vision \& Ocular Symptoms (near/distance impairment with glasses, ocular pain and discomfort \[Yes/No\]); 6) Pain Dimension (current and lifetime presence, limiting capacity, quality of life impact \[Yes/No\], and location); and 7) Dermatological Status (skin alterations and delayed wound healing \[Yes/No\]).