Bishop Score vs. Cervical Length in Labor Induction

Participants include 88 primigravida women at ≥37 weeks of gestation, each with a singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation. All participants present with medical or obstetric indications for induction of labor, such as post-dates, oligohydramnios, mild preeclampsia, or premature rupture of membranes. Exclusion criteria include prior uterine surgery, multiple pregnancies, malpresentation, placenta previa, vasa previa, non-reassuring fetal status at admission, or maternal infections such as active genital herpes and HIV. A carefully designed sample size calculation ensures adequate power, with a final cohort of 44 women per study arm.