The bleeding rate of both EGD (including biopsy) and colonoscopy (including biopsy, cold or hot snare polypectomy, or EMR) in patients who continue to take various antithrombotic drugs is studied prospectively. The immediate or delayed bleeding that requires hemostatic clipping or other endoscopic treatments is defined as the bleeding. Immediate bleeding requiring hemostatic clipping is defined as spurting or oozing which continued for more than 30 seconds. Delayed bleeding is defined as bleeding that requires the endoscopic treatment within 2 weeks after endoscopy. Prophylactic clipping is not performed after taking biopsy and doing polypectomy. Additionally, investigators evaluate the rate of injured submucosal arteries of the excised specimen when the bleeding occurs.
Inclusion criteria is all patients who continue to take antithrombotic drugs and undergo EGD or colonoscopy
Patients who take prophylactic clipping after biopsy or polypectomy American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of class IV or V
All patients who continue to take antithrombotic drugs undergo EGD including biopsy and colonoscopy including biopsy, snare or hot polypectomy and/or EMR.
Cohort
Prospective
Biopsy, cold or hot snare polypectomy, or EMR
Procedure/Surgerythe rate of delayed bleeding
Delayed bleeding defined as bleeding that required endoscopic treatment within 2 weeks after the procedure.
the rate of immediate bleeding
Immediate bleeding defined as spurting or oozing which continued for more than 30 seconds.
the number of clip used
The number of clip used during the procedures.
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