Anemia is a global public health concern and is closely linked to dysfunction of brain cognitive neural networks, a key mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. Such deficits-including declines in memory, learning, processing speed, and executive function-reduce daily living abilities and increase risks of falls and depression.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables real-time monitoring of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin fluctuations, reflecting brain network function. This study aims to identify affected neural network regions in anemic patients and visualize connectivity changes using heatmaps and arc-based mapping. The findings will support early detection of cognitive impairment and guide precise clinical interventions, ultimately informing individualized treatment strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.
Diagnosis of anemia
First hospitalization
Male or female, aged 18-65 years
Willing and able to comply with the requirements for this study and written informed consent
History of psychiatric illness
History of severe brain disease
Subjects that the investigator believes have other reasons that make them unsuitable for inclusion in this study
Patients with anemia who were hospitalized for the first time during the period from 2026 to 2028.
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and de-oxygenated hemoglobin (HbR)
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive brain imaging modality, that can be used to measure HbO and HbR concentrations.
Cognitive Function Assessment
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is used to assess cognitive function in patients, with higher total scores indicating better cognitive function. The total score range is 0 to 30.
Anxiety symptoms
Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) is used to examine anxiety in AIHA patients, with higher total scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms. The total score range is 0-56.
Depression symptoms
Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) is used to examine depression in AIHA patients, with higher total scores indicate more severe depression symptoms. The total score range is 0-52.
Sleep quality
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, with a higher global score indicating poorer sleep quality. The global score range is 0-21.
Physical fatigue
It measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) Scale. The total possible score is 0-52 points, with higher scores indicating less fatigue.
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Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China
Lead sponsor
Tianjin University
Collaborator
