Brief Mindfulness Workshop With or Without Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study
ConditionMental Wellbeing
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18+
SponsorThe University of Hong Kong
About this trial
The current study uses a randomized cross-over design, in which participants are exposed to brief mindfulness-based experiential sessions with and without incorporating virtual reality (i.e., the experimental and control conditions, respectively). Order of exposure to these two conditions are counter-balanced and participants are randomized into the two arms of exposure in a different order. Furthermore, this study includes the use of both subjective self-report and objective physiological measures of mental wellbeing. It is hypothesized that VR-incorporated mindfulness-based experiential session brings a greater improvement in state mindfulness, state affect, and stress response. Results shed light on the added value of incorporating VR into brief MBIs, particularly in reference to the typical practice of promoting mindfulness in the local community.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
aged 18 years or older
reads Chinese
understands Cantonese
Disqualifiers
history of sever motion sickness or known intolerance to VR environments
impairments that may interfere with the use of VR equipment
concurrent or past structured mindfulness training
Trial design
Design model
Crossover
Treatments tested in this trial
Mindfulness VR-Typical
BehavioralParticipants first experience mindfulness exercise with virtual reality incorporated, then another mindfulness exercise with only audio-guidance as typically delivered without the technology
Mindfulness Typical-VR
BehavioralParticipants first experience mindfulness exercise with only audio-guidance, then another mindfulness exercise with virtual reality incorporated
Treatment groups
144 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groupsGroup A: Mindfulness Add-on (with VR-incorporated first)Experimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Mindfulness Typical (audio-only first)Active comparator 1 intervention
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Change in positive affect as measured by International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) after a brief practice of mindfulness.
Using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Never to 5 = Always, individuals rate on their experience of five positive affect in the present moment. Scores are summed across 5 items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive affect.
Time frame
At the start of the first session (at minute 0), at the end of the first session (which is also the start of the second session; at minute 10), and at the end of the second session (at minute 20).2
Change in negative affect as measured by International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) after a brief practice of mindfulness.
Using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Never to 5 = Always, individuals rate on their experience of five negative affect in the present moment. Scores are summed across 5 items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of negative affect.
Time frame
At the start of the first session (at minute 0), at the end of the first session (which is also the start of the second session; at minute 10), and at the end of the second session (at minute 20).3
Change in state mindfulness as measured by the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) after a brief practice of mindfulness.
Individuals rate their state mindfulness on a 5-point Likert scale across 21 items, from 1 = Not at All to 5 = Very Much. Scores are summed to represent overall mindfulness and two subfactors differentiated by objects of mindfulness - (1) mind and (2) body. Higher scores indicate higher levels of mindfulness at the moment.
Time frame
At the start of the first session (at minute 0), at the end of the first session (which is also the start of the second session; at minute 10), and at the end of the second session (at minute 20).4
Change in heart rate variability as measured with the Shimmer3 GSR+ (Galvanic Skin Response) unit after a brief practice of mindfulness.
The Shimmer3 GSR+ unit is strapped to a participant's wrist and fingers of the non-dominant hand. An optical pulse sensor is attached to the second finger to collect photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals over a 5-minute period, which are then transformed into HRV measures with artifacts corrected through automated detection using the Kubios HRV Scientific software. Higher values indicate greater heart rate variability.
Time frame
At the start of the first session (at minute 0), at the end of the first session (which is also the start of the second session; at minute 10), and at the end of the second session (at minute 20).Secondary outcomes
1
Satisfaction with the intervention as measured by a single Likert item with open text entry designed specifically for this study
Participants complete a service evaluation form that includes rating on a 5-point Likert scale, from 1 - Strongly Disagree to 5 - Strongly Agree, designed specifically to assess their level of satisfaction with the intervention received in the current study. They are also asked in an open-ended way to provide narratives of their experience throughout the encounter.
Time frame
At the end of the full program (i.e., one-time assessment; at minute 20).Other outcomes
1
Level of engagement or presence during a mindfulness exercise as measured by 3-5 Likert items designed specifically for this study
Using a 5-point Likert scale, from 1 - Strongly Disagree to 5 - Strongly Agree, all participants rate on 3 items that assess their engagement, sense of being, and distractedness during a session. Two more items are to be completed if VR technology is involved in the experiential session.
Time frame
At the start of the first session (at minute 0), at the end of the first session (which is also the start of the second session; at minute 10), and at the end of the second session (at minute 20).Sponsors and contacts
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
The University of Hong Kong
Lead sponsor
New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association
Collaborator
Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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