This study aims to investigate the short-term effects of adding core stabilization exercises to Barcelona Scoliosis Physical Therapy School (BSPTS) exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a BSPTS exercise group or a BSPTS plus core stabilization exercise group. Both groups will participate in supervised exercise sessions twice a week for 6 weeks. The study will evaluate changes in trunk rotation angle and core muscle endurance as the primary outcomes, as well as dynamic balance, spinal appearance perception, postural awareness, and scoliosis-related quality of life.
Diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Cobb angle between 10° and 40°.
Risser sign between 0 and 3.
Ability to understand and perform the exercise instructions.
Scoliosis associated with congenital, neuromuscular, or syndromic conditions.
Previous spinal surgery.
Presence of significant lower-extremity deformity or neurological disorder affecting balance or exercise performance.
Current participation in another scoliosis-specific exercise program.
Parallel
BSPTS Plus Core Stabilization Exercise
Other interventionParticipants will receive the same BSPTS-based scoliosis-specific exercise program, combined with core stabilization exercises targeting activation of the transversus abdominis, multifidus, and other deep trunk muscles. Sessions will be conducted under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 45 minutes, twice weekly for 6 weeks.
BSPTS Exercise
Other interventionParticipants will receive a Barcelona Scoliosis Physical Therapy School (BSPTS)-based scoliosis-specific exercise program. The program will include three-dimensional self-correction exercises focusing on spinal elongation, derotation, and sagittal plane alignment. Sessions will be conducted under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 45 minutes, twice weekly for 6 weeks.
Trunk Rotation Angle
Trunk rotation angle measured using a scoliometer during the Adams Forward Bend Test.
Core Muscle Endurance
Core muscle endurance assessed using the McGill Core Endurance Test Battery, including trunk flexor, trunk extensor, and right and left lateral plank tests.
Dynamic Balance
Dynamic balance assessed using the Y-Balance Test.
Spinal Appearance Perception
Spinal appearance perception assessed using the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ).
Postural Awareness
Postural awareness assessed using the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS).
Scoliosis-Related Quality of Life
Quality of life, functional status, and psychosocial impact assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire.
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