This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 4 month Zumba training program on cardiometabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, hepatic, renal, and functional parameters in overweight and obese women. Participants will be classified according to menopausal status (pre- or post-menopausal) and randomly assigned to an exercise group or a non-exercise control group.
Female, aged 18-65 years
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²
Pre-menopausal or post-menopausal (classified clinically)
Voluntary written informed consent
Hormonal therapy or weight-loss medications
Endocrine diseases or chronic illness
Recent intense physical training (<48 hours before baseline)
Parallel
Zumba training
BehavioralParticipants assigned to the experimental groups will perform a supervised Zumba training program for 10 weeks, with 4 sessions per week, each session lasting 60 minutes. Sessions will include a standardized warm-up (10 minutes), choreographed dance-based aerobic sequences performed at moderate intensity (40 minutes), and a cool-down with stretching (10 minutes).
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²).
Body Fat Percentage
Total body fat measured by digital scale (Tanita BC-533).
Waist Circumference
Measured at the narrowest point between the rib cage and iliac crest using a tape measure.
Waist-Hip Ratio
Calculated by dividing waist circumference by hip circumference.
Resting Heart Rate
Measured using automated device (Omron BP652).
Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic)
Measured using an automated arm cuff (Omron BP652).
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance
Distance walked in 6 minutes on a 30-meter straight corridor.
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