The current project is dedicated to creating a comprehensive cognitive and neural assessment platform and corresponding norms tailored specifically to the older adults in Macau.
Must be a local adult resident of Macau
Age above 50 years for older adult cohort
Younger adults individuals above 18 will be included as control comparators
History of neurological injury or disease
Current use of medications that affect brain function or blood flow
Contraindications to MRI scanning, such as the presence of an electric/mechanical implant or device (e.g., pacemaker)
Claustrophobia
Adults above 50 years old from the Macau local community.
Ecologic or community
Prospective
Not listed
Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Chinese (Hong Kong) version
The MoCA will be administered to derive a normative data set representative of the older adult population in Macau.
Normative Data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
The MMSE will be administered to derive a normative data set representative of the older adult population in Macau.
Normative Scores for Computerized Neuropsychological Tasks
Neuropsychological tasks will be employed to measure selective attention capacity and processing speed in the study cohort. These tasks will provide quantifiable data on the efficiency and accuracy of cognitive processing. The collective performance on these tasks will be used to establish benchmark values - including means, medians, and ranges - that define the normative standards for these cognitive abilities in the population.
Neural Activation Patterns During Cognitive Tasks as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
fMRI data will be collected to identify patterns of neural activation associated with cognitive task performance.
Cerebral Hemodynamics Assessed Through Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
fNIRS will be employed to measure cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during cognitive tasks.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Activity as Measured by Electroencephalography (EEG)
EEG will be utilized to record the electrical activity of the brain during cognitive tasks. Key outcome metrics will include event-related potentials (ERPs) amplitudes and latencies, with mean values and variability measures reported for the cohort.
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