The objective of this study is to compare the canine retraction rate (in mm with a 100 mm marked scale) using Ni-Ti closed-coil springs versus elastomeric power chains during canine retraction in subjects with first premolar extractions over a period of three months.
After the extraction of all first premolars under local anesthesia. For canine retraction, Ni-Ti closed-coil springs and elastomeric power chains will be randomly allocated to the right and left quadrants of both arches.
Radiographic measurement (root resorption) and clinical measurements (canine retraction, plaque accumulation and gingival health) will be recorded at four points in time. First, at the start of the canine retraction (T0), after first month (T1), second month (T2) and third month follow-up (T3).
Patients aged between 13 - 40 years
Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment
Patients requiring all first premolars extraction as part of orthodontic treatment
Patients with all permanent teeth present and erupted (except for second and third molars)
• Patients with systemic diseases that can affect tooth movements
Patients with uncontrolled periodontal disease
Patients with craniofacial syndromes
Pregnant or lactating mothers
Parallel
Ni-ti Closed-coil Spring
Other interventionNi-Ti closed-coil spring is a passive compressed spring made up of super elastic Nickel-titanium. Two eyelets are attached to each side of the coil to facilitate its application. The eyelets will be engaged in the hooks of the second premolar and canine brackets and will apply a force of 150 gm.
Elastomeric Power chain
Other interventionElastomeric power chains are resilient and latex-free orthodontic materials. They are made up of elastic material and consist of many connected rings. Each ring is engaged in a bracket to apply a force of 175-300 gm.
Canine retraction rate
The retraction rate of canine will be the distance travelled divided by the time interval needed for closure of spaces. It will be noted at four-time intervals i.e at the start of the canine retraction (T0), after first month (T1), second month (T2) and third month follow-up (T3).
Root resorption
Root resorption is a decrease in root length and width due to an inflammatory process. In orthodontics, during tooth movement, areas of necrosis develop called hyalinized areas, which result in root resorption. Periapical radiographs will be taken to assess the amount of root resorption by determining the length of the tooth from the cusp tip to the root apex
Gingival health
Gingival index is a grading system that is used to assess the health of the gingiva. It consists of four grades including, Grade 0, 1, 2 and 3. The increase in grade indicates the compromised gingival health of the teeth.
Plaque index
Plaque index is a grading system used to assess the amount of plaque present at the gingival margins and helps in assessing oral health. It consists of four grades including, Grade 0, 1, 2 and 3. The increase in grade indicates the increased amount of plaque along the gingiva.
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Munnal Gulzar
Lead sponsor
Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan
Sponsor institution
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