This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block and caudal block for postoperative pain management in pediatric patients undergoing orchiopexy. Postoperative pain scores, time to first rescue analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption, and block-related adverse effects will be evaluated during the first 24 hours after surgery. The study will assess whether erector spinae plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia comparable to or superior to caudal block in pediatric orchiopexy.
Children aged 1 to 7 years with ASA physical status I-II undergoing unilateral orchiopexy surgery.
ASA physical status ≥ III
History of prematurity (gestational age < 37 weeks) Known coagulation disorders or bleeding tendency
Infection, inflammation, or skin lesion at the injection site
Known neurological or neuromuscular diseases