This observational study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters obtained from different analysis durations in healthy adults and to examine how these parameters relate to resting blood pressure values. HRV is a noninvasive measure commonly used to assess autonomic nervous system activity. Standard short-term HRV analysis is typically based on 5-minute recordings, but shorter and longer analysis durations are also used in research and practice. This study will evaluate whether HRV values derived from 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows differ from one another and whether their relationships with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure change according to analysis duration. Participants will attend a single study visit. After a rest period, resting blood pressure and pulse will be measured, and a continuous HRV recording will be obtained using a chest strap device. The study is designed to provide methodological information on the comparability of different HRV analysis durations under the same physiological conditions.
Healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years
Willing and able to provide informed consent
Able to comply with pre-assessment instructions, including restrictions related to caffeine intake and strenuous physical activity
No condition preventing heart rate variability and blood pressure measurements
History of diagnosed cardiovascular, neurological, or autonomic nervous system disease
Known arrhythmia or pacemaker use
Regular use of medications that may affect heart rate variability, such as beta blockers or antiarrhythmic drugs
Acute infection, fever, or any condition affecting general health status on the day of assessment
Single group
Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure Assessment
Other interventionParticipants will complete a single-visit resting physiological assessment under standardized conditions. After an adaptation period, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse will be measured using an automated oscillometric upper-arm blood pressure monitor. Continuous RR interval data will then be recorded using the Polar H10 chest strap and analyzed with Kubios HRV software. Heart rate variability parameters will be calculated from predefined 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous recording for methodological comparison.
RMSSD Across Different Analysis Durations
Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), in milliseconds (ms), calculated from predefined 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording obtained under standardized resting conditions.
SDNN Across Different Analysis Durations
Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), in milliseconds (ms), calculated from predefined 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording obtained under standardized resting conditions.
Low-Frequency Power Across Different Analysis Durations
Low-frequency (LF) power, in ms\^2, calculated from predefined 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording obtained under standardized resting conditions.
High-Frequency Power Across Different Analysis Durations
High-frequency (HF) power, in ms\^2, calculated from predefined 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording obtained under standardized resting conditions.
Agreement of RMSSD Across Different Analysis Durations
Agreement of RMSSD values, in milliseconds (ms), obtained from 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording, assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis.
Agreement of SDNN Across Different Analysis Durations
Agreement of SDNN values, in milliseconds (ms), obtained from 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording, assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis.
Agreement of Low-Frequency Power Across Different Analysis Durations
Agreement of low-frequency (LF) power values, in ms\^2, obtained from 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording, assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis.
Agreement of High-Frequency Power Across Different Analysis Durations
Agreement of high-frequency (HF) power values, in ms\^2, obtained from 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 20-minute analysis windows extracted from the same continuous resting RR interval recording, assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis.
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