Conservative Treatment in Patients With Supraspinatus Tendon Injury.

Constant-Murley Score

The CMS is a widely used clinical assessment tool in orthopedics, specifically for evaluating shoulder function and outcomes following shoulder surgery or injury. The CMS comprises a set of objective and subjective measures to assess various aspects of shoulder function, including pain, range of motion, strength, and activities of daily living. These components are evaluated through a combination of patient-reported outcomes and physical examination by a healthcare professional.

Numeric pain Rating Scale

The NRS is a commonly used tool in clinical studies to assess pain intensity. It involves asking the patient to rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst possible pain.

Range of motion measurements

The assessment of the range of motion of the upper limb (shoulder) is a standard procedure used to evaluate the function and mobility of the shoulder joint. This assessment involves examining the range of motion in various directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation.

Strength measurements

The assessment of upper limb muscle strength using a dynamometer is a standard procedure used to measure the force exerted by the muscles of the shoulder and arm. This assessment involves using a handheld dynamometer to quantify the maximum force produced during specific muscle actions. Muscle strength measurement will be conducted during movements of flexion, extension, and external and internal rotation with the arm adducted and abducted.

The Laitinen Pain Scale

The Laitinen Pain Scale, also known as the Laitinen Analogue Scale, is a pain assessment tool used in clinical settings to measure pain intensity. The questionnaire provides a quantitative measure of pain intensity, allowing healthcare providers to track changes in pain over time and assess the effectiveness of pain management interventions. It also facilitates communication between patients and clinicians, enabling more accurate pain assessment and tailored treatment plans.

The Simple Shoulder Test

The SST is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate shoulder function and disability. The SST consists of 12 questions that assess the patient\'s ability to perform various shoulder-related activities of daily living. These activities include reaching overhead, reaching behind the back, and lifting objects. Each question is scored on a dichotomous scale (yes/no), with a score of 1 assigned for each activity the patient can perform without difficulty.

The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons

The ASES is a widely used clinical assessment tool designed to evaluate shoulder function and assess outcomes following treatment for various shoulder conditions. The ASES Shoulder Score comprises two main components: pain and function. The function component evaluates the patient\'s ability to perform various shoulder-related activities of daily living.

Supraspinatous muscle echogenicity measurement

The echogenicity of supraspinatus muscle and trapezius muscle will be determined using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, U.S.; https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). The echogenicity ratio of supraspinatus/trapezius muscle will be calculated.