Detection of Specific Metabolic Signatures by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or Metabolomic NMR in Correlation With Markers of Inflammation or Immune Activation and the Risk of Developing Neurocognitive Disorders - Longitudinal Retrospective Study Nested in the ANRS12225 PEDIACAM III Cohort

The ANRS12225 PEDIACAM III cohort involves a cohort of young adolescents living with HIV placed early (median: 4 months) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and living without HIV monitored in Cameroon. This cohort follows the evolution of the psychomotor development of children living with HIV by mother-to-child transmission under antiretroviral treatment (ART) since birth as part of the cohort between 2016-2017 in children aged 4-9 years (ANRS12322 -PEDIACAMDEV) using the KABC II (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II). Despite early ART, children with HIV had significantly lower cognitive scores than uninfected children. Multiple neurodevelopmental studies have shown that intrauterine infection or even low- noise inflammation could impact the development of a child's brain allowing cognitive impairment to appear later in life. Other studies have also shown that metabolic defects could be the cause of chronic inflammation and immune activation. Admittedly, many studies have been carried out in cohorts of HIV-positive adults as well as HIV-positive children on neurological disorders. But very few have made the link between metabolism, inflammation, immune activation and neurocognitive disorders in infants and children in countries with limited resources. The ANRS12225 PEDIACAM III cohort offers the unique opportunity in Africa to carry out a study in a population of children living with HIV matched with a population of children living without HIV born to HIV + mothers and children living without HIV born to HIV-infected mothers in follow-up longitudinal. To explore this area, this pilot project will make it possible to assess the relevance of a cutting-edge, highthroughput technique, metabolomic NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), to quantify metabolites and lipoproteins in plasma and study their predictive value for the appearance of Neurodevelopmental disorders in children of different groups of the ANRS12225 PEDIACAM III cohort. It is intended to be completed within a short period (18 months) in order to be continued by more ambitious projects