This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the risk of postoperative visceral pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The goal is to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of postoperative visceral pain, in order to guide individualized preoperative interventions and pain management strategies.
Patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (including gynecological procedures and general surgery such as gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, etc.);
Aged between 18 and 70 years;
Classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II-III;
Expected surgery duration ≥ 2 hours.
History of previous abdominal surgery;
Diagnosed with chronic pain;
Long-term use of analgesics or other psychotropic medications;
Preoperative emergency condition;
Patients aged 18 to 70 years who are scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (including gynecological and general surgeries such as gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary procedures), with an ASA physical status of II to III, and an expected surgery duration of 2 hours or more.
Cohort
Other
Observational assessment of clinical outcomes
Other interventionThis is a non-interventional observational study. No treatment or behavioral intervention is administered.
Pain intensity after surgery
Pain intensity will be recorded at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. At each time point, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score will be assessed both at rest and during coughing. Pain intensity was assessed using number rating scale (0-10, higher score represents worse pain intensity)
Postoperative Length of Hospital Stay
The total time from the end of surgery to hospital discharge will be recorded for each patient. The duration will be measured in days (d) and used to assess postoperative recovery.
Postoperative Analgesic Use
Detailed records will be kept of the types of analgesics administered postoperatively, the total dosage of each drug, and the frequency of use per day. This measure will help assess pain management and medication requirements after surgery.
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