Developmental Support Program: A Intervention Study

0-6 Years Psychosocial Developmental Attitudes Scale

Total score of the 0-6 Years Psychosocial Developmental Attitudes Scale assessing parents' attitudes toward psychosocial development in early childhood. The scale consists of 18 items rated on a 3-point Likert scale (1 = Disagree, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Agree). The total score ranges from 18 to 54, with higher scores indicating a more positive and appropriate attitude toward supporting the psychosocial development of children aged 0-6 years. Higher scores reflect more accurate and supportive parental attitudes toward child psychosocial development, while lower scores indicate less positive or less appropriate attitudes.

Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire

The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ) is a 24-item scale designed to assess parents' mindfulness in interactions with their children. It consists of two subscales: Being in the Moment with the Child (11 items) and Mindful Discipline (13 items). Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (rarely) to 4 (almost always). The total score ranges from 24 to 96. Higher scores indicate higher levels of mindful parenting, reflecting greater awareness, emotional regulation, and present-moment attention in parent-child interactions. Lower scores indicate lower mindfulness in parenting behaviors. The scale has no reverse-coded items. Reported internal consistency reliability is 0.87 for the total scale, 0.73 for the Being in the Moment subscale, and 0.83 for the Mindful Discipline subscale.

Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale

The Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (Short Form) is a questionnaire designed to assess parents' perceived self-efficacy in performing parenting tasks. The original scale was developed by Emde in 1989 and revised by Zeanah in 1997. The short form was developed by Van Rijen in 2014 and the Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Özkan Kunduracı and Aksoy in 2021. The scale consists of four subscales: care and involvement, discipline, play, and routines. It includes items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The total score reflects the level of parenting self-efficacy, with higher scores indicating higher perceived competence and confidence in parenting roles, while lower scores indicate lower self-efficacy. The reported internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) is 0.88.

Infant-Toddler Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) Inventory

The Infant-Toddler Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) Inventory is used to assess the quality of the home environment that supports child development in infants and toddlers aged 3-36 months. The original scale was developed by Bradley and Caldwell in 1965 and updated by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in 2003. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Fındık and Aral in 2023. The scale consists of 45 items across six subscales: responsivity (11 items), acceptance (8 items), organization (6 items), learning materials (9 items), involvement (6 items), and variety (5 items). Each item is scored dichotomously as Yes or No. The total score ranges from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating a higher quality home environment that is more supportive of child development. Lower scores indicate a less stimulating and less supportive home environment. The scale is administered through observation and/or intervi