Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation of Iliac Graft-Enteric Fistula: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction:

Aorto-enteric fistula (AEF) is a life-threatening complication arising from abnormal connections between the gastrointestinal tract and major arteries. One uncommon type, iliac artery-enteric fistula (IEF), can occur following vascular interventions such as arterial stent-graft placement.

Case Presentation:

We report the case of a 47-year-old male presenting with hematemesis and abdominal pain, who was diagnosed with an iliac graft-enteric fistula. Timely recognition and management were crucial for a favorable outcome.

Clinical Discussion:

Diagnosing AEFs remains challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and high clinical suspicion. While computed tomography angiography (CTA) is commonly used for diagnosis, its sensitivity may be limited, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical history and findings. Management strategies vary based on etiology and patient status, with surgery being pivotal.

Conclusion:

Aorto-enteric fistula, which can arise from a thrombosed graft, presents diagnostic challenges due to its rare formation. In patients with a history of vascular interventions and gastrointestinal bleeding, AEF should be considered. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness among healthcare professionals regarding AEF diagnosis and management to reduce severe morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stays.